Levine's Model Research Articles

Understanding the Phenomenon of Negative Myths

Abstract: This article delves into the exploration of negative myths, examining their prevalence in both ancient and modern times. I focus on the psychoanalytic understanding of collective and group narratives, particularly within the context of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Drawing from Levine's two-track model of psychoanalysis, this study investigates how negative myths function as containers for processing unrepresented unconscious content. Through case vignettes, the characteristics of negative myths are illuminated, revealing them as distorted and dysfunctional containers of psychic material. I argue that negative myths emerge in response to dread and fear, serving as reflections of societal anxieties.

Validation of three models (Tolcher, Levine, and Burke) for predicting term cesarean section in Chinese population

Background: Some models predicting cesarean section (CS) have been proposed, with Tolcher, Levine, and Burke model well acknowledged. Tolcher model targets nulliparous women with term labor induction; Levine model targets women with term labor induction with intact membranes and an unfavorable cervix. Burke model targets term nulliparous woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy. Our objective was to assess the predictive performance of these three models, and to disclose the variables which may predict the risk of CS in Chinese population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on women with singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies at a tertiary academic center (2011–2017). A predicted probability for CS was calculated for women in the dataset by the algorithm of each model. The performance of the model was evaluated for discrimination. Univariate analysis was used to screen out the factors that may increase the risk of CS. Results: The three models predicted CS as following (expressed by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC ROC]) (in the population defined/employed by each model): Tolcher model with AUC ROC of 0.659; Levine model with 0.697; and Burke model as 0.623. Different interventional measures or characteristics of labor were also evaluated; the nulliparous and multiparous were analyzed separately. Still, most of the results were unsatisfactory (AUC ROC <0.7). Univariate analyses on the clinical parameters that may affect the incidence of CS were performed. The followings affected the incidence/probability of CS: maternal age, height, body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age, mode of labor induction, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, presence of complications, neonatal weight/gender. Conclusion: These three models may not be suitable for predicting CS for Chinese population. Some maternal and fetal characteristics increased the risk of CS, which should be taken into account in creating some appropriate models for predicting CS in Chinese population.

The Timing of Managerial Responses to Fiscal Stress

AbstractUsing 34 years of data from Florida counties, we examine the effect of multiple fiscal stressors on expenditures over time to test theoretical propositions in Charles Levine's seminal study on cutback management. We demonstrate support for Levine's stages model and his claims on linkages between the causes of fiscal stress and managerial responses. Specifically, unemployment levels produce differential effects by service area (e.g., human services bear the most significant share of the reductions), especially in relation to the persistence of the stressor. We cannot support the stages model with other stressor measures. We expand the literature to include county governments, enhancing the contemporary literature on local government fiscal stress.

The application of a modified Levine model to quantum-well infrared photodetectors in the low-temperature regime

A different approach to the calculation of the dark current of quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) based on a modified version of Levine’s method is presented. A quantum-well-dependent transmission probability is proposed and evaluated. The results show that the model accurately reproduces the experimental behavior of the photodetector dark current in the low-temperature regime. As a proof of concept, the presented approach is applied to elucidate the role of filter barriers in QWIP structures. As expected, a significant decrease in the dark current is observed, principally in the high bias regime, demonstrating that the modified Levine’s model captures relevant information about the behavior of the dark current of photovoltaic devices.

The Effect of Nursing Intervention-based Levine Conceptual Model Program on Rehabilitation Process among Fracture Patients

Introduction: The nursing intervention program is a strategy for the rehabilitation process among fracture patients The Levine conceptual model program is a practical nursing theory using energy conservation, energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity. The study aims to identify the effect of nursing intervention based on Levine's theory of the rehabilitation process among fracture patients.Methods: A quasi-experimental with equivalent control group design was applied in this study. Sixty-two respondents were selected into the experimental group (n=31) and control group (n=31) by using a consecutive sampling technique. The patients' rehabilitation on fracture included sleep disorder, pain, anxiety, and family support as dependent variables. Researchers used the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) instrument, the Numeric Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the family support scale. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.Results: The results showed a significant effect of patients' recovery on fracture among patients after receiving Levine-based nursing intervention than before receiving the intervention (p <0.05). The results of research on the nursing intervention program are based on Levine's conceptual model of sleep disorders, pain, anxiety, and family support (p <0.05). In conclusion, there was significantly different nursing intervention based on Levine in energy conservation, energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity.Conclusion: The nursing intervention program based on Levine's conceptual model could be part of independent nursing intervention to deal with recovery in fracture patients. Based on this description, the researcher is interested in examining the effect of nursing intervention based on Levine’s conceptual model program on rehabilitation process among fracture patients.

Application of Levine’s Model in Nursing Care of Patient with Diabetic Foot: A Case Study

Diabetic foot is such a life threatening condition for people with Diabetes Mellitus which it can be result in hemodynamic instability and loss of consciousness. In order to improve quality of nursing care in patient with diabetic foot, nurses should apply a nursing model approach. Levine conservation theoretical model is one of comprehensive model theory that can be applied in patients with critical diabetic foot in Emergency Department (ED). This case study describes a nursing care using Levine's Conservation Model to care for a patient with diabetic foot. This study was a case study with a single case design. Data were collected using physical assessment, written communications with the patient, interviews patient family members, and observing the patient during intensive care in the ED of Lawang General Hospital on December 21th, 2015. Levine's Conservation Model used as the nursing guideline successfully identified patient issues including ineffective breathing pattern as a major priority of energy conservation problem and damage tissue integrity as a problem of structural conservation. Both of conservation problem were caused by patient's personal integrity conservation maladaptive that caused by ineffective therapeutic regimen management. Levine’s conservation model is useful to investigate nursing problem and applicable to solve the emergency condition of damage tissue integrity in patients with diabetic foot.
 Index Terms— diabetic foot, nursing care, levine’s conservation model.

Discussion of “Information Asymmetries about Measurement Quality”

ABSTRACTThis article discusses Glover and Levine (2019). It summarizes Glover and Levine's model, its contributions, and practical implications. It also suggests empirical extensions based on the predictions of the model.

Rents, resources, and multiple technologies; Ricardian mechanisms in input-output modelling

ABSTRACTTo allow for ‘multiple technologies’ to produce a homogeneous output in input–output models, Duchin and Levine [(2011) Sectors may use Multiple Technologies Simultaneously: The Rectangular Choice-of-technology Model with Binding Factor Constraints, Economic Systems Research, 23(3), 281–302] propose an optimization model constrained by primary resources. We show that the Duchin–Levine model contains two different mechanisms by which multiple technologies can arise. If a factor in short supply is shared by the original and the newly entering technology, the output of the original, lower-cost technology will be reduced to make room for the higher-cost technology which is less intensive in that factor. In contrast, if the factor in short supply is technology-specific, a higher-cost technology supplements the original lowest-cost one, which stays fully active. Either mechanism implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We relate these results to classical views on comparative advantage, fixed output levels and the origin of rents.

Phase Diagram of Symmetric Two-Dimensional Traffic Model II. Higher-Velocity Case

The phase diagram for a symmetric two-dimensional traffic system with cars moving with a maximum velocity of 2 (a kind of the extended Biham–Middleton–Levine model) is studied. It turns out that th...

Effects of developmental variability on the dynamics and self-organization of cell populations

We report experimental and theoretical results for spatiotemporal pattern formation in cell populations, where the parameters vary in space and time due to mechanisms intrinsic to the system, namely Dictyostelium discoideum (D.d.) in the starvation phase. We find that different patterns are formed when the populations are initialized at different developmental stages, or when populations at different initial developmental stages are mixed. The experimentally observed patterns can be understood with a modified Kessler–Levine model that takes into account the initial spatial heterogeneity of the cell populations and a developmental path introduced by us, i.e. the time dependence of the various biochemical parameters. The dynamics of the parameters agree with known biochemical studies. Most importantly, the modified model reproduces not only our results, but also the observations of an independent experiment published earlier. This shows that pattern formation can be used to understand and quantify the temporal evolution of the system parameters.

Multiple scattering of slow muons in an electron gas

A comparative study of the angular dispersion of slow muons in an electron gas is performed using three dielectric models which represent the case of metals (Lindhard model for a free electron gas) and the cases of semiconductors and insulators (Levine and Louie model and Brandt and Reinheimer model for systems with a band gap) and a non-linear model for both cases at very low velocities. The contribution of collective electronic excitations according to the dielectric model are found to be negligible. The results from the calculation using Lindhard expressions for the angular half width are coincident with the result of a multiple scattering model. In particular, the effects produced by the band gap of the material are analyzed in detail. Finally, as the recoil effect is negligible, there is an almost exact scaling, for a given velocity, between the proton and the muon results.

A comparative study of threshold effects in the energy loss moments of protons, electrons and positrons using dielectric models for band-gap materials

A comparative study of the energy loss, mean free path and straggling of protons, positrons and electrons in an electron gas is performed using three dielectric models which represent the case of metals (Lindhard model for a free electron gas) and the cases of semiconductors and insulators (Levine and Louie model and Brandt and Reinheimer model for systems with a band gap). The properties of individual and collective contributions according to each model and for each of the particles are analyzed. In particular, the effects produced by the band gap of the material and by the properties of the incident particle are analyzed in detail. Significant differences related to the mass and to the indistinguishability (in the case of electrons) are described. Analytical expressions for the high-energy limit are derived in a simple way using the plasmon-pole approximation.

Real-time traffic jams prediction inspired by Biham, Middleton and Levine (BML) model

Urban traffic jams severely affect many cities around the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate prediction of traffic jams in real time. With many existing approaches, it is difficult to obtain favorable results for dynamic and uncertain traffic flows in urban networks. This paper proposes a real-time traffic jam prediction method based on a two-dimension cellular automaton model inspired by the well-known Biham, Middleton and Levine (BML) model. The proposed model combines the simplicity and high efficiency of the BML model with real urban traffic networks. Our work can be divided into two parts: (1) the proposal of a practical approach for mapping the urban traffic topological structure into a modified BML (M-BML) model, and (2) the development of a novel strategy to deal with different cells of the M-BML model, especially conflict points and fuzzy points, which facilitates the recognition of real traffic jams at intersections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that real urban traffic road networks are directly mapped into a descriptive model for jam prediction. Extensive experiments confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed M-BML model in predicting traffic jams in dynamic and uncertain real urban traffic networks.

An Improved Gas Permeability Evolution Model of Coal Containing Gas with Klinkenberg Effect

Most of coal fields in China have low permeability, which is a key parameter to reflect the possibility of gas migration in coal seams, coal and gas outburst. Permeability is also a important factor for expectation and mine of coal-bed methane. Low permeability coal seams have significant Klinkenberg effect, and that with decreasing permeability of coal the Klinkenberg effect increases. However, most of previous permeability models do not consider Klinkenberg effect. It is known that when mean free path of gas molecules is close to the pore size of porous materials Klinkenberg effect appears, which is the essence of Klinkenberg effect. In this study, we build relationships between mean free path of gas molecules and Klinkenberg factor b. By using the relationships and the formula of effective permeability and absolute permeability, we establish a gas permeability evolution model of coal containing gas with Klinkenberg effect. Then we make a compare between our permeability model and other permeability models, such as Levine model, P-M model, S-D model, and the results show that the model considering Klinkenberg effect best accords with the experimental data under condition of fixed confining stress. We think that model considering Klinkenberg effect has important significance for expectation and mine coal-bed methane when it comes to low permeability coal seams.

Phase Diagram of Symmetric Two-Dimensional Traffic Model

On the basis of the critical car density line in the phase diagram of the Biham–Middleton–Levine model for symmetric two-dimensional traffic systems, the formula of the flow in the intermediate jam flow phase is hypothesized. The formula is utilized to obtain the phase boundary between the free flow and jam flow phases, where the flow becomes maximum. The validity of this phase boundary has been confirmed by simulations.

A quantum particle swarm optimization driven urban traffic light scheduling model

Urban traffic congestion becomes a severe problem for many cities all around the world. How to alleviate traffic congestions in real cities is a challenging problem. Benefited from concise and efficient evolution rules, the Biham, Middleton and Levine (BML) model has a great potential to provide favorable results in the dynamic and uncertain traffic flows within an urban network. In this paper, an enhanced BML model (EBML) is proposed to effectively simulate the urban traffic where the timing scheduling optimization algorithm (TSO) based on the quantum particle swarm optimization is creatively introduced to optimize the timing scheduling of traffic light. The main contributions include that: (1) The actual urban road network with different two-way multi-lane roads is firstly mapped into the theoretical lattice space of BML. And the corresponding updating rules of each lattice site are proposed to control vehicle dynamics; (2) compared with BML, a much deeper insight into the phase transition and traffic congestions is provided in EBML. And the interference among different road capacities on forming traffic congestions is elaborated; (3) based on the scheduling simulation of EBML, TSO optimizes the timing scheduling of traffic lights to alleviate traffic congestions. Extensive comparative experiments reveal that TSO can achieve excellent optimization performances in real cases.

Quenching of diphenylmethyl radical fluorescence by cyanoaromatics and phenols

We have used double-laser nanosecond laser flash photolysis to study the kinetics of bimolecular quenching of the lowest doublet excited state of the transient diphenylmethyl radical (2Ph2CH·) in acetonitrile at 25 °C. We chose a series of cyanoaromatic compounds as acceptor-type quenchers and a series of 4-substituted phenols as donor-type quenchers. The observed bimolecular quenching rate constants (k Q) are in the range 2 × 106–2 × 1010 M −1 s−1 for cyanoaromatics and 1 × 105–3 × 109 M −1 s−1 for phenols. The Hammett plots of the k Q values for these two series have positive and negative slopes, respectively, and establish the enhanced behavior of the photo-excited diphenylmethyl radical as both a donor and an acceptor. For cyanoaromatics, the trend in the dependence of 2Ph2CH·* quenching rate constants on the free energy change of electron transfer (ΔG el) coincides well with that of Rehm–Weller data on acceptor-type and donor-type quenchers of singlet excited states. An approximate fit of the k Q data for cyanoaromatics to the Agmon–Levine model of electron transfer gave a value of 4.5 kcal mol−1 for the free energy of activation at ΔG el = 0. For phenols, the trend in the dependence of k Q on the free energy change of electron transfer deviates significantly from that of cyanoaromatics data. This deviation was traced to the use of irreversible oxidation potentials of phenols to calculate ΔG el. No isotope effect is observed from substitution of phenolic hydrogen by deuterium, i.e., k Q,H/k Q,D ≈ 1. Phenolate ions quench 2Ph2CH·* with large rate constants, 1–2 × 1010 M −1 s−1, i.e., well in the limit of diffusion control.

The Effects of Truth-Lie Base Rate on Interactive Deception Detection Accuracy

Consistent with the Park and Levine's (PL) probability model of deception detection accuracy, previous research has shown that as the proportion of honest messages increases, there is a corresponding linear increase in correct truth–lie discrimination. Three experiments (N = 120, 205, and 243, respectively) varied the truth–lie base rate in an interactive deception detection task. Linear base-rate effects were observed in all 3 experiments (average effect r#x02009;= .61) regardless of whether the judges were interactive participants or passive observers, previously acquainted or strangers, or previously exposed to truths or lies. The predictive power of the PL probability model appears robust and extends to interactive deception despite PL's logical incompatibility with interpersonal deception theory.

Effect of slow-to-start in the extended BML model with four-directional traffic

Abstract In this paper, an extended Biham–Middleton–Levine (BML) model is proposed to simulate complex characteristics of four-directional traffic flow by considering the effect of slow-to-start. The simulation results show that the system does not exhibit a sharp transition from moving phase to jamming phase, which is consistent with the results of the latest studies about the original BML model. Differently from the structure geometric patterns in previous studies, a new phase separation phenomenon, i.e., the coexistence of multiple free flow stripes and multi-local jams, can be observed. The formation mechanisms of typical dynamic patterns are also explored. Furthermore, a mean field analysis for the maximum velocity in the moving phase is obtained, which is in good accordance with simulation results. In addition, an interesting feature is found that this new coexistence phenomenon of two phases is determined only by the effect of slow-to-start and is completely independent of traffic light (only considering red light and green light) period.

Stabilized wave segments in an excitable medium with a phase wave at the wave back

The propagation velocity and the shape of a stationary propagating wave segment are determined analytically for excitable media supporting excitation waves with trigger fronts and phase backs. The general relationships between the mediumʼs excitability and the wave segment parameters are obtained in the framework of the free boundary approach under quite usual assumptions. Two universal limits restricting the region of existence of stabilized wave segments are found. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations of the well-known Kessler–Levine model demonstrates their good quantitative agreement. The findings should be applicable to a wide class of systems, such as the propagation of electrical waves in the cardiac muscle or wave propagation in autocatalytic chemical reactions, due to the generality of the free-boundary approach used.