Waist Circumference Levels Research Articles

Sex-differential effect of waist circumference on new-onset cerebral infarction: a nationwide cohort study.

Excessive abdominal adiposity represents a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Waist circumference (WC) reflects abdominal adiposity and is known as an easy-to-measure indicator of obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between WC level and the development of cerebral infarction in Koreans. 209,442 Koreans were included among the general population registered in the National Health Information Database. Depending on the degree of WC, the possibility of cerebral infarction was tracked for 4.37 person-years. Identification of patients with cerebral infarction was confirmed through the diagnostic code ICD I63 of inpatient or outpatient. Participants' data were analyzed by sex. The hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence interval (CI) for cerebral infarction were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Between 2009 and 2013, 2,403 cases (1.15%) of cerebral infarction occurred during the follow-up period of 915,223.6 person-years. The HRs (95% CI) for incident cerebral infarction in men was adjusted for multiple covariates, and comparison of WC levels second, third, and fourth quartile with the first quartile showed 1.10 (0.94-1.28), 1.11 (0.95-1.30), and 1.24 (1.07-1.45), respectively (P for trend 0.045). This association was not significant in women (P for trend 0.619). The severity of WC levels in men is significantly associated with the risk of developing cerebral infarction in Koreans. This finding indicates that other measurements for excessive adipose visceral tissue, except abdominal circumference, need to be taken into account to identify the risk of cerebral infarction in women.

Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity and cardiovascular disease: Unravelling associations and prognostic value.

The distribution pattern of abdominal adiposity may help determine cardiovascular disease (CVD). Waist circumference (WC) is the most common but imprecise method for measuring abdominal adiposity, as it fails to differentiate between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). This study aimed to determine whether elevated VAT or ASAT provides greater prognostic value for CVD events compared to elevated WC in the general population using data from the UK Biobank. In this secondary analysis of UK Biobank study, 24 265 participants with available abdominal magnetic resonance imaging data were included. The primary outcome of the study was coronary heart disease (CHD), and secondary outcomes included stroke, heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Cox regressions for VAT, ASAT and WC were examined in relation to the predefined outcomes on continuous scales using standard deviation (SD) changes and by categories of concordant and discordant values defined by medians. During a mean follow-up period of 12.9 ± 1.8 years, 2641 participants developed CVD events (1296 CHD, 165 stroke, 286 HF and 894 AF) Each 1 SD increase in VAT yielded a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.22) for CHD risk, whereas ASAT had a HR of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04-1.18). Further adjustment for WC eliminated the association between ASAT and CHD risk, in contrast to the association between VAT and CHD risk, which remained almost unaffected. Discordant VAT above the median with WC below presented a HR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.15-1.78) for CHD, compared with concordant VAT and WC below the median. Similar results were found for discordant WC above the median with VAT below, with a HR of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.18-1.81). In contrast, discordant ASAT above the median with WC below was not associated with an increased risk of CHD. Similarly, discordant ASAT above the median with VAT below was not associated with an increased risk of CHD. Additionally, there was no observed association between VAT or ASAT and the risks of stroke, HF or AF after further adjustment for WC. Additionally, there was no observed association between VAT or ASAT and the risks of stroke, HF or AF after further adjustment for WC. Incorporating VAT measurements alongside WC data improved the ability to identify individuals at high risk for CHD compared to using WC alone. Both VAT and WC proved to be more accurate indicators of CHD risk than ASAT. However, VAT alone did not fully account for the CHD risk associated with elevated WC levels. Neither VAT nor ASAT showed an association with the risk of stroke, HF and AF.

The impact of sex hormones on metabolic syndrome: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization studies

BackgroundObservational studies have found associations between sex hormones and metabolic syndrome(Mets), but the causal relationships remains unclear. This study utilizes univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the associations between sex hormones (including sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T)) and Mets and its subtypes (including waist circumference(WC), fasting blood glucose(FBG), high blood pressure(HBP), high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C), triglycerides(TG)).MethodsWe utilized summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Univariable Mendelian randomization (UMVMR) analysis was primarily conducted using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), with secondary analyses employing the weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode method, and weighted mode method. Subsequently, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was employed to assess the causal relationships between SHBG, T, E2, and MetS and its components: WC, FPG, HBP, HDL-C, and TG. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess result reliability.ResultsGenetically predicted SHBG was significantly negatively associated with MetS (UMVMR: β=-0.72; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.57; P = 1.28e-17; MVMR: β=-0.60; 95% CI=-0.83 to -0.38; P < 0.001). Positive causal relationships were observed between SHBG and WC(MVMR: β = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.17; P = 0.01) and HDL-C (MVMR: β = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.60; P < 0.001), while negative causal relationships were found between SHBG and HBP (MVMR: β=-0.02; 95% CI=-0.04 to -0.00; P = 0.02), TG (MVMR: β=-0.48; 95% CI=-0.70 to -0.26; P < 0.001). Genetically predicted E2 exhibited a negative association with TG (MVMR: β=-1.49; 95% CI=-2.48 to -0.50; P = 0.003). Genetically predicted T was negatively associated with TG (MVMR: β=-0.36; 95% CI=-0.71 to -0.00; P = 0.049) and WC (MVMR: β=-0.13; 95% CI=-0.24 to -0.02; P = 0.02), with inconsistent sensitivity analyses. Additionally, No other causal associations were found.ConclusionOur study indicates that SHBG is a protective factor for MetS, potentially delaying its onset and progression through improvements in HBP and TG. Furthermore, T and E2 may improve TG levels, with T also reducing WC levels. Importantly, our study provides new insights for the prevention and treatment of MetS.

Associations between novel anthropometric indices and the prevalence of gallstones among 6,848 adults: a cross-sectional study.

Traditional anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI), are insufficient for evaluating gallstone risk. This study investigated the association between novel anthropometric indices and gallstone risk among 6,848 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States. Measures calculated included weight (WT), BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (CI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), and Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI). Logistic regression and smooth curve fitting assessed the relationships between these indices and gallstones, complemented by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate their discriminative power. The results indicated significant differences between study groups, with a positive and independent correlation identified between gallstones and all measures except ABSI. Specifically, per 1 SD increase in WC, WT, BMI, WtHR, and AVI was associated with a 57%, 59%, 52%, 53%, and 53% increased risk of gallstones, respectively. Dose-response analysis confirmed a positive correlation between these indices and gallstone risk. ROC analysis highlighted WtHR and BRI as having superior discriminative abilities (AUC = 0.6703). Further, among participants with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, elevated levels of WT, WtHR, CI, BRI, and WWI significantly increased the risk of gallstones (P < 0.001). Likewise, elevated BMI heightened the risk at low levels of WT, WC, WtHR, BRI, AVI, and CI (P < 0.001). This study supports the positive association between various anthropometric indicators and gallstones, recommending that newer anthropometric indices be considered more extensively to enhance gallstone prevention and treatment strategies.

Longitudinal Exposure to Neighborhood Concentrated Poverty Contributes to Differences in Adiposity in Midlife Women.

Background: Neighborhood poverty is associated with adiposity in women, though longitudinal designs, annually collected residential histories, objectively collected anthropometric measures, and geographically diverse samples of midlife women remain limited. Objective: To investigate whether longitudinal exposure to neighborhood concentrated poverty is associated with differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among 2,328 midlife women (age 42-52 years at baseline) from 6 U.S. cities enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) from 1996 to 2007. Methods: Residential addresses and adiposity measures were collected at approximately annual intervals from the baseline visit through a 10-year follow-up. We used census poverty data and local spatial statistics to identify hot-spots of high concentrated poverty areas and cold-spots of low concentrated poverty located within each SWAN site region, and used linear mixed-effect models to estimate percentage differences (95% confidence interval [CI]) in average BMI and WC levels between neighborhood concentrated poverty categories. Results: After adjusting for individual-level sociodemographics, health-related factors, and residential mobility, compared to residents of moderate concentrated poverty communities, women living in site-specific hot-spots of high concentrated poverty had 1.5% higher (95% CI: 0.6, 2.3) BMI and 1.3% higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.0) WC levels, whereas women living in cold-spots of low concentrated poverty had 0.7% lower (95% CI: -1.2, -0.1) BMI and 0.3% lower (95% CI: -0.8, 0.2) WC. Site-stratified results remained in largely similar directions to overall estimates, despite wide CIs and small sample sizes. Conclusions: Longitudinal exposure to neighborhood concentrated poverty is associated with slightly higher BMI and WC among women across midlife.

Age and Sex-related Chromogranin A Gene Polymorphisms and its Association with Metabolic Syndrome Components.

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA), according to age and sex, in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). The genotyping and serum level of CgA and biochemical parameters were measured by the T-ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP and ELISA and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. A comparison of males with and without MetS showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those of females.At ages 30-70 years, both sexes showed significant differences in triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), CgA levels and waist circumference (WC) when compared to the two groups. Both sexes with MetS indicated significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at ages 40-70 years, while at ages 40-59 years, there was a significant difference in HDL-C level in males.There was a significant correlation between serum levels of FBS, TG, SBP and WC (in both sexes), and CgA in subjects with MetS. Significant correlation was found between HDL-C level and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and CgA level in males and females, respectively. CgA genotype frequency (T-415C and C+87T polymorphisms) showed no significant differences between males and females with and without MetS, while there was only a significant difference in frequency of the genotypes T-415C when compared to males with and without MetS. The CgA appears to be strongly associated with MetS components in both sexes. Variation in CgA gene expression may affect the T-415C polymorphism in males. This may mean that the structure of CgA genetics differs in different ethnic groups. Differences in the serum level and expression of CgA gene may show valuable study results that it may be expected a relationship between these variables and the MetS.

Four-years change of BMI and waist circumference are associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

The purpose of the study was to determine whether changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese are associated with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort investigation, 3697 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 or over were recruited from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2005) defined metabolic syndrome (MetS). With Cox regression analysis, we calculated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS based on BMI-WC change categories. To assess the prevalence of MetS, the changes in BMI and WC levels were classified into four quartiles based on their relative and absolute changes. In subjects whose BMI and WC decreased (HR = 0.338; 95% CIs 0.264, 0.433) as well as those whose BMI increased and their WC decreased (HR = 0.375; 95% CIs 0.228, 0.499), metabolic syndrome risk was significantly lower compared with those with increases in both BMI and WC. Regarding the absolute changes in BMI, the lowest percentile of BMI was significantly lower in both males (HR = 0.302; 95% CIs 0.204, 0.448) and females (HR = 0.486; 95% CIs 0.354, 0.667) for the risk of metabolic syndrome. Similar results were observed in the absolute changes in WC, with the lowest quantile of WC having a significant impact on MetS risk in males (HR = 0.170; 95% CIs 0.107, 0.270) and females (HR = 0.303; 95% CIs 0.217, 0.424). The risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with changes in BMI and WC in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. A reduced BMI and WC are associated with lower metabolic syndrome risks in middle-aged and elderly people.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women.

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common problem in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of T2DM and its risk factors in postmenopausal women. Methods The study is a population-based cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements of 2295 postmenopausal women up to the age of 55 years were taken following face-to-face interviews. Odds ratio was used to find out the role of risk factors associated with T2DM. Results Prevalence of T2DM was reported to be 15.51%. Significant contribution of waist circumference (WC) followed by body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (p<0.05) was noted in increasing the risk of T2DM. No association was found between T2DM and hypertension (p>0.05). Conclusion A high prevalence of T2DM was reported in postmenopausal women. Higher levels of BMI, WC, TC, and triglycerides were found to be the major risk factors for T2DM.

INFLUENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS ON TELOMERE LENGTH

Objective: to assess the influence of different metabolic markers, metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components on telomere length Design and method: we examined 45 patients (44.4% men) age median was 26[21;39] years. All patients underwent waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC) measurement, LAP (Lipid Accumulation Product), VAI (Visceral Adiposity Index), BFP (Body Fat Percentage), BAI (Body Adiposity Index) indices evaluation, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TC), blood glucose testing. Telomere length was assessed by PCR and fluorimetry. Statistical processing of the data was done with STATISTICA 10 software. Results: the patients were divided into two groups: with MS (n=10; 22.2%) and without MS (n=35; 77.8%). Groups had no difference by gender, age and smoking status (p&gt;0.05). MS group had elevated levels of BMI, WC, HC, NC and percentage of obesity in comparison with non-MS group (p&lt;0.05). Patients with MS more frequently suffered from hypertension (50%), dyslipidemia (90%), hyperglycemia (20%) and had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than non-MS group (p&lt;0.05). In MS group LAP (138.7[90.6;156]), BFP (33.3[28.7;43.9]) and BAI (33.6[29.7;38.5]) indices were significantly higher than in control group (LAP (16.17[9.7;38.2]), BFP (25.8[17.6;29.2]) and BAI (24.8[21.5;27.4])) (p&lt;0.001). We revealed correlation relationships of telomere length with WC (r=-0.3; p&lt;0.05), HC (r=-0.35; p&lt;0.05), NC (r=-0.53; p&lt;0.05); TC (r=-0.64; p&lt;0.05), LDL (r=-0.52; p&lt;0.05), HDL (r=0.59; p&lt;0.05), TG (r=-0.46; p&lt;0.05), blood glucose (r=-0.33; p&lt;0.05), integral metabolic indices: LAP(r=-0.4; p&lt;0.05), BAI(r=-0.32; p&lt;0.05) and presence of MS (r=-0.36; p&lt;0.05), dyslipidemia (r=-0.76; p&lt;0.05) and DBP level (r=-0.31; p&lt;0.05). We performed multivariate linear regression analysis to assess influence of different MS components that demonstrated correlation with telomere length: TC (b = -0.4, Std. Err of b = -0.1, p= 0.003), blood glucose (b = -0.26, Std. Err of b = 0.12, p= 0.004) and HDL (b = 0.69, Std. Err of b = 0.26, p= 0.001). Conclusions: telomere length is significantly shorter in patients with MS than in patients of comparable age without MS. Decrease in HDL and increase in TC and blood glucose significantly influences on telomere length.

Probiotic supplementation for 24 weeks in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the PROBILIVER randomized clinical trial.

Considering the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and treatment gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function markers, nutritional status, and clinical parameters. This double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0346782) included adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NASH. The intervention consisted of 24 weeks of supplementation with the probiotic mix Lactobacillus acidophilus (1 × 109 CFU) + Lactobacillus rhamnosus (1 × 109 CFU) + Lactobacillus paracasei (1 × 109 CFU) + Bifidobacterium lactis (1 × 109 CFU), or placebo, twice a day. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic and clinical data, transient elastography (FibroScan), liver enzymes, NAFLD fibrosis score, fatty liver index, laboratory assessment, serum concentration of toll-like receptor-4 (sTLR-4) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), anthropometric data, dietary intake, and physical activity. Regarding data analysis, the comparison between the groups was based on the delta of the difference of each variable analyzed (value at the end of treatment minus the baseline value) using the t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney U-test. Forty-four patients with NASH completed the trial (51.4 ± 11.6 years). At baseline, 87% of participants had a mild liver fibrosis degree on biopsy, normal values of liver enzymes, transient elastography values consistent with grade 1 fibrosis in both groups, increased waist circumference (WC), a BMI of 30.97 kg/m2, and 76% presented with metabolic syndrome (MetS). After the intervention, no differences were observed between the probiotic and placebo groups in terms of MetS, WC, BMI scores, or liver enzyme levels (p > 0.05 for all). The elastography values remained consistent with grade 1 fibrosis in both groups. Although CK-18 was reduced in both groups, a larger effect size was noted in the probiotic group (D = 1.336). sTLR-4 was also reduced in both groups, with no difference between groups (p = 0.885). Intervention with probiotics in the early stages of NASH demonstrated no significant change in hepatic and clinical parameters. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT0346782.

Increased diabetogenic risk of recovered COVID-19 infection and unexposed respondents in the Central Region of Ghana

IntroductionIn spite of the negative effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the global health system, its long-term impact on the evolution of diabetes is not fully ascertained. The current study was therefore designed to examine the diabetogenic risk of adults who had recovered from COVID-19 compared with their counterparts without any history of the condition in the Cape Coast metropolis of Ghana. Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study involved 110 recovered COVID-19 and 110 COVID-19 unexposed respondents. Weight, height, hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC) were measured for computation of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and weight-to-height ratio (WtHtR). Also, systolic blood pressure, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (2hr OGTT), total and visceral fat levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMAB) was applied to assess the secretory function of beta cells with insulin resistance determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). ResultsRecovered COVID-19 respondents exhibited higher (P < 0.05) levels of BMI, WC, HC, WtHtR, CRP, FIRI, HOMA-IR, HOMAB and insulin but lower level of QUICKI than their unexposed counterparts. Compared with the recovered COVID-19 respondents, the overweight/obese COVID-19 unexposed group demonstrated higher insulin resistance but lower beta-cell function. Irrespective of COVID-19 background, FBS and insulin remained independent predictors for FIRI, QUICKI and HOMA-IR as TyG was predicted by FBS and selected components of lipid profile. ConclusionThe recovered COVID-19 respondents demonstrated a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus through increased insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction than their uninfected counterparts. Urgent measures are needed to mitigate the identified risk.

Triglyceridemic Waist Phenotypes as Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Triglyceride waist phenotypes, which combine high triglyceride levels and central obesity, have recently emerged as an area of interest in metabolic disease research.&#x0D; Objective: To conduct a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis to determine if triglyceride waist phenotypes are a risk factor for T2DM.&#x0D; Materials: SR with meta-analysis of cohort studies. The search was conducted in four databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Participants were classified into four groups, based on triglyceride level and waist circumference (WC): 1) Normal WC and normalConduct triglyceride level (NWNT); 2) Normal WC and high triglyceride level (NWHT), 3) Altered WC and normal triglyceride level (EWNT) and 4) Altered WC and high triglyceride level (EWHT). For the meta-analysis, only studies whose measure of association were presented as Hazard ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were used.&#x0D; Results: Compared to people with NWHT, a statistically significant association was found for those with NWHT (HR: 2.65; CI95% 1.77–3.95), EWNT (HR: 2.54; CI95% 2.05–3.16) and EWHT (HR: 4.41; CI95% 2.82–6.89).&#x0D; Conclusions: There is a clear association between triglyceride waist phenotypes and diabetes, according to this SR and meta-analysis. Although central obesity and high triglyceride levels are associated with a higher risk of the aforementioned disease, their combination appears to pose an even greater risk. Therefore, in the clinical setting, it is important to consider this when assessing the risk of diabetes.

Association between abdominal adiposity and cognitive decline in older adults: a 10-year community-based study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between abdominal adiposity and change in cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal study included older adults aged ≥60 years without cognitive impairment who participated in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences – Longitudinal Study of Aging. MeasurementsCognitive function was evaluated biennially using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over 10 years. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the naval level, and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed using baseline computed tomography scans. WC, SFA, and VFA areas were stratified into sex-adjusted tertiles. A linear mixed model was applied separately for men and women. ResultsThis study included 873 older adults. In men, the groups with the highest levels of WC, SFA, and VFA exhibited a greater decline in MMSE score than the groups with the lowest levels (β [95% confidence interval]: WC, –0.12 [–0.23 to –0.01]; SFA, –0.13 [–0.24 to –0.02]; VFA, –0.11 [–0.22 to –0.01]). In women, the group with the highest level of WC and SFA showed a greater decline in MMSE score than the group with the lowest level (WC, –0.12 [–0.25 to –0.01]; SFA, –0.18 [–0.30 to –0.06]), but VFA was not associated with cognitive decline. ConclusionHigher WC, SFA, and VFA in men and higher WC and SFA in women were identified as risk factors for cognitive decline in later life, suggesting that abdominal adiposity involved in cognitive decline may differ according to sex.

Associations between Waist Circumference and Sex Steroid Hormones in US Adult Men: Cross‐Sectional Findings from the NHANES 2013–2016

Background. Obesity is recognized as a major public health issue worldwide, characterized by a growing prevalence among adult males. Several studies have identified an association between obesity and sex steroid hormone levels but only a few have considered the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and sex hormone levels in adult males. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the relationships between waist circumference (WC) and various sex steroid hormone levels in adult males in the United States. Methods. This study analyzed data from 3,359 adult males aged 20 years and above, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013–2016 in the United States. We collected demographic data, including WC, and serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, FAI, and T/E2 ratio. We adjusted the variables using multiple linear regression models with R 4.2.2 and EmpowerStats. Results. After adjusting for confounders, WC was found to be negatively associated with testosterone (β = −0.117, P &lt; 0.001) but positively correlated with estradiol (β = 0.002, P = 0.002), especially beyond a WC of 104.5 cm (β = 0.004, P &lt; 0.001). Underweight individuals showed a contrasting positive correlation between WC and testosterone (β = 0.351, P = 0.016). WC was inversely related to SHBG, particularly when WC was ≤99.1 cm (β = −0.036, P &lt; 0.001). The FAI initially increased and then decreased with WC, peaking at 98.6 cm. The T/E2 ratio negatively correlated with WC (β = −0.074, P &lt; 0.001). These relationships varied among subgroups but remained unaffected by age or physical activity time. Conclusions. Waist circumference is inversely correlated with testosterone, SHBG, and T/E2 ratio but positively correlated with estradiol, except for a positive correlation with testosterone in underweight males. Waist circumference serves as a crucial anthropometric measurement indicator for predicting sex steroid hormone levels in adult males.

The association of traditional obesity parameters with the length of stay among patients with coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study.

There is a strong association between obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Obesity is measured using traditional obesity parameters, such as body mass index, body adiposity index, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference. The aim of this study is to explore the association between traditional obesity parameters and the length of stay (LOS) among hospitalized CAD patients. An original correlative descriptive study was carried out using secondary data analysis, in which 220 hospitalized Jordanian CAD patients were recruited from Jordan northern and middle regions. Age, WC, triglycerides, and high- sensitivity C-reactive protein were all positive predictors of the total hospital LOS among hospitalized patients with CAD. The WC, age, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly positively associated with total LOS. Healthcare providers, including nurses, should take into account these significant positive predictors of LOS to achieve better health outcomes and improve patient satisfaction.

From adolescence to adulthood: Mediterranean diet adherence and cardiometabolic health in a prospective cohort study

Background and aimsRecent investigations suggest that specific dietary patterns during adolescence may predict cardiometabolic complications later in life. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between Mediterranean diet score (MDS) during adolescence and cardiometabolic outcomes when participants reached adulthood. Methods and resultsThis cohort study was conducted on 668 subjects, aged 10–19 years, in framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The MDS was determined based on eight components using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profile data were measured both at baseline and after a 6.8 ± 2.9-year follow-up. Using multivariable linear regression, we explored the association between MDS and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, multivariable-adjusted cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiometabolic complications across MDS tertiles. The mean ± SD age of participants (43.5 % men) was 15.8 ± 2.47 years. The mean ± SD of MDS was 4.03 ± 1.56, with a median of 4.00 among all participants. Higher MDS was inversely associated with 6.8-year changes in waist circumference (WC), FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Ptrend<0.05). Based on the HR analysis, after controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of MDS had a significantly lower risk of high-TC(HR = 0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74,Ptrend = 0.004) compared to those in the lowest tertile. However, no significant association was observed between MDS and other cardiometabolic risk factors. ConclusionsGreater adolescent adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was associated with favorable cardiometabolic factors in adulthood, including improving the levels of WC, FBG, TC, as well as reduced risk of high-TC.

Lifestyle factors predict gout outcomes: Results from the NOR-Gout longitudinal 2-year treat-to-target study

ObjectiveGout is associated with lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities, including dyslipidaemia. We studied how in actively treated patients, anthropometric measures and lipid levels changed over 2 years and...

Effects of green tea catechin on the blood pressure and lipids in overweight and obese population-a meta-analysis

BackgroundOverweight and obesity as main health problems harm human beings worldwide. The number of people diagnosed with overweight and obese is gradually increasing. Green tea catechin has been reported to effectively help control body weight in overweight and obese population, and is protectively against the blood pressure and lipids in people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. MethodsWe retrieved 4 English databases (PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Scoups) from inception to April 20, 2023. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility, assessed the reporting quality of included studies, and extracted the data. Data were extracted from eleven studies. The results were presented with the weighted mean differences (WMDs), and the confidence intervals (CIs) was 95 %. The random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied according to the heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) inclusion studies were screened from 3072 literature articles, involving 613 overweight and obese patients. After combining all studies, it was found that in overweight and obese people green tea catechin could reduce waist circumference (WC) (pooled WMD = −1.37 cm, 95 % CI: −2.52 to −0.22 cm, p = 0.019), and triglyceride (TG) (pooled WMD = −0.18 mmol/L, 95 % CI: −0.35 to −0.02 mmol/L, p = 0.032), and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (pooled WMD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95 % CI: 0.01–0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.031). ConclusionGreen tea catechin supplement effectively reduced WC and TG levels and improved HDL-c levels. However, it did not show the significant effect on the blood pressure in overweight and obese people. The present meta-analysis showed a moderate benefit of green tea catechin supplementation on lipid profiles in overweight and obese people.

Childhood BMI trajectories predict cardiometabolic risk and stress at age 13 years. The STARS cohort

Abstract Background Research on BMI trajectory focuses mainly on childhood and adolescence, missing birth and infancy, which are also relevant in the development of cardiometabolic disease. We aimed to identify trajectories of BMI from birth throughout childhood, and to examine whether BMI trajectories predict health at age13 years; and, if so, whether differences exist among trajectories regarding timeframes during which early life BMI influences health. Methods Participants from Western Sweden (n = 1902, 44% males, 13.5±0.4 years) completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and examined for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and white blood cell counts (WBC). They had at least 5 retrospective measures of weight and height covering birth, infancy, childhood to early adolescence. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify BMI trajectories and linear regression to assess associations, which are presented as estimated mean differences with 95% CI between trajectories. Results We identified three BMI trajectories: normal, moderate, and excessive gain. Differences distinguishing these trajectories were established before 2 years of age. After adjusting for sex, age, migrant background, and parental income, adolescents with excessive gain had higher WC (19.2 [18.4-20.0} cm), SBP (3.6 [2.4-4.4] mmHg), WBC (0.7 [0.4-0.9] x109/L) and stress (1.1 [0.2-1.9]) than adolescents with normal gain. Increased levels of WC (6.4 [5.8-6.9] cm), SBP (1.8 [1.0-2.5] mmHg) and stress (0.7 [0.1-1.2]) were found in adolescents with moderate gain. The observed significant positive correlation of early life BMI with SBP started approximately at age 6 years for participants with excessive gain, much earlier than for participants with normal and moderate gain, for which it started at age 12 years. Conclusions Excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth predicts cardiometabolic risk and stress in adolescents before age 13 years. Key messages • Differences distinguishing childhood BMI trajectories were established before age 2 years. • In excessive gain group, influence of early life BMI on SBP started already around age 6 years.

Novel anthropometric measures are positively associated with erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Currently, a growing number of research studies have shown a positive association between obesity and erectile dysfunction, while traditional anthropometric measures, such as BMI, have limited ability to assess the risk of erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the new anthropometric index and erectile dysfunction. A study involving 3594 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted. The study calculated various anthropometric indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), conicity index (CI), and body roundness index (BRI). The relationship between anthropometric indices and erectile dysfunction (ED) was investigated using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Interaction analysis was conducted on subgroups to confirm the findings. Additionally, the efficacy of various anthropometric indicators in predicting the risk of erectile dysfunction was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we identified a positive and independent correlation between erectile dysfunction (ED) and all other anthropometric measures except for BMI. Additionally, the risk of ED increased by 49% and 42% for each standard deviation increment in ABSI and CI, respectively. Dose-response curve analysis demonstrated that WC, BMI, WtHR, and CI displayed a non-linear correlation with the risk of ED. The subgroup analysis revealed that individuals classified as White, who had higher levels of WC, ABSI, and CI, were more susceptible to erectile dysfunction compared to people from other races. ROC analysis showed that ABSI was superior in detecting erectile dysfunction (area under the curve: 0.750; 95% CI 0.732-0.768; optimal cutoff value: 0.083) as compared to other indices. The combination of obesity defined by BMI and other anthropometric measures showed that higher ABSI and CI levels were positively associated with the prevalence of erectile dysfunction, independent of BMI (P < .001). In this study, anthropometric indicators including ABSI, BRI, WtHR, CI, and WC were positively associated with erectile dysfunction. To improve the prevention and treatment of this condition, it is recommended that new anthropometric indicators receive greater consideration.