Level Of Training Experience Research Articles

Side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability are not related to serve velocity in tennis players with different levels of training experience

ObjectiveTennis is characterised by repetitive serves and strokes predominately performed with one arm. This can lead to differences in upper quarter mobility/stability between the stroke and non-stroke arm, which could even enlarge with increasing training experience and negatively affect serve velocity. Thus, we determined side differences (i.e., limb symmetry index) in upper quarter mobility/stability and their association with flat and slice serve velocity in advanced (ITN ≤ 4) female and male tennis players (N = 42, mean age = 23.9 ± 9.3 years) with different levels of training experience (< 2 years: n = 14, 2–5 years: n = 17, 6–8 years: n = 11).ResultsY Balance Test-Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ) side difference (i.e., composite score) and performances (i.e., medial reach) were largest in players with the lowest level of training experience (i.e., < 2 years). Further, YBT-UQ performances (i.e., medial reach and composite score) but not side differences were significantly correlated with flat and slice serve velocity, particularly in less experienced players. Our results suggest that significant side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability occur in less experienced players (indicative of increased injury risk) but they are not related to tennis-specific performance (i.e., serve velocity).

Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test Anterior Reach Asymmetry and Noncontact Lower Limb Injury in Subelite Young Male Soccer Players With Different Training Experiences

Poor single-leg balance performance is associated with an increased risk of sustaining lower limb injuries in team sports. However, it is unclear whether this relationship is modified by the level of training experience (years of training experience). The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether soccer players’ single-leg balance performance is related to lower limb injuries in noncontact situations with different levels of training experience. Subelite young male soccer players performed the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test with the dominant and the nondominant leg at the beginning of the preseason. Due to COVID-19 rules, the occurrence of lower limb injuries during the second half of the competitive season was documented. The odds of injury were calculated based on a previously reported Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test cut-off score for side-to-side anterior reach difference (≥4 cm). Twelve soccer players sustained a lower leg injury in noncontact situations. Only four of them had an anterior reach difference equal to or above the cut-off score. Soccer training experience has no significant influence on the association between Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test anterior reach asymmetry and noncontact lower limb injury in young male players.

The development of an eye movement-based deep learning system for laparoscopic surgical skills assessment

The development of valid, reliable, and objective methods of skills assessment is central to modern surgical training. Numerous rating scales have been developed and validated for quantifying surgical performance. However, many of these scoring systems are potentially flawed in their design in terms of reliability. Eye-tracking techniques, which provide a more objective investigation of the visual-cognitive aspects of the decision-making process, recently have been utilized in surgery domains for skill assessment and training, and their use has been focused on investigating differences between expert and novice surgeons to understand task performance, identify experienced surgeons, and establish training approaches. Ten graduate students at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology with no prior laparoscopic surgical skills were recruited to perform the FLS peg transfer task. Then k-means clustering algorithm was used to split 500 trials into three dissimilar clusters, grouped as novice, intermediate, and expert levels, by an objective performance assessment parameter incorporating task duration with error score. Two types of data sets, namely, time series data extracted from coordinates of eye fixation and image data from videos, were used to implement and test our proposed skill level detection system with ensemble learning and a CNN algorithm. Results indicated that ensemble learning and the CNN were able to correctly classify skill levels with accuracies of 76.0% and 81.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of coordinates of eye fixation and image data allowed the discrimination of skill levels with a classification accuracy of 82.5%. We examined more levels of training experience and further integrated an eye tracking technique and deep learning algorithms to develop a tool for objective assessment of laparoscopic surgical skill. With a relatively unbalanced sample, our results have demonstrated that the approach combining the features of visual fixation coordinates and images achieved a very promising level of performance for classifying skill levels of trainees.

Resident Involvement in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion is Associated With Increased Readmissions and Operative Time, But No Increased Short-term Risks.

A retrospective cohort study. The aim was to compare rates of adverse events and additional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) cases assisted by residents versus cases performed solely by an orthopedic attending. PLIF is a widely accepted surgical technique for the management of a variety of spinal conditions requiring spinal stabilization and fusion. However, no published studies have assessed the effects of resident involvement on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in PLIF. This retrospective study utilized the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) registry from 2007 to 2012 to identify patients who underwent PLIF procedures. A propensity score matching model was utilized to reduce patient cohort variances. The perioperative data and outcomes in the matched population were analyzed using paired t test and the McNemar test in order to assess, based on resident presence, the rates of postoperative adverse events, readmission, reoperation within 30 days, and operative time. In total, 1633 patients undergoing PLIF were included in the study, with 24.62% involving resident participation. The propensity score matching algorithm yielded 396 well-matched resident and nonresident pairs. Patients undergoing PLIF involving a resident were associated with a higher rate of readmission (1.77% vs. 0.00%; P=0.008), and longer operative time (245.7 vs. 197.7 min; P<0.001). However, these procedures were not associated with any significant difference in minor or severe adverse events. Resident involvement in PLIF was associated with an increased rate of readmissions, and operative time; however, was not associated with an increase in minor or severe adverse events. Further investigation is needed to characterize the role of resident involvement based on level of training experience, as well as methods to improve the learning curve to independence while reducing postoperative hospital length of stay. Level III-retrospective comparative study.

Motivation in ultra-marathon runners.

BackgroundIn ultra-marathon running the proper motivation of the athlete is one of the milestones, not only during the races, but also during the practice sessions, which are long and very exhausting.PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship of sport experience (expressed as number of finishes in ultra-marathons) with motivation characteristics of ultra-marathon runners.Subjects and methodsThe Motivation of Marathoners Scale examined the motivation of ultra-marathon runners compared to endurance runners of shorter distances (control group). Participants were 1,539 Polish runners, 382 women (24.7%) and 1,157 men (75.3%). Ultra-marathoners (N=425; 26.7%) finished at least one ultra-marathon, whereas the control group consisted of runners of shorter distances (N=1,114, 72.3%).ResultsUltra-marathoners had higher scores in affiliation (3.55±1.60 vs 3.34±1.62, P<0.05), life meaning (4.20±1.40 vs 4.03±1.44, P<0.05) and lower in the areas of weight concern (4.33±1.68 vs 4.64±1.65, P<0.01), personal goal achievement (5.09±1.25 vs 4.64±1.65, P<0.001) and self-esteem (4.44±1.36 vs 4.68±1.38, P<0.01), than runners in the control group. The number of completed ultra-marathons was negatively related to the personal goal achievement, competition and recognition scale. The level of training experience was negatively correlated with the personal goal achievement scale in all participants, and with the self-esteem scale in the control group. In summary, ultra-marathoners had different motivations compared to runners of shorter race distance.ConclusionsThese findings should be considered by sport psychologists and other professionals to develop performance-tailored interventions for ultra-marathoners.

전산회계교육과 회계정보시스템 운영성과 분석

본 연구는 점점 통합화 되고 있는 기업 회계정보시스템의 운영과 최종사용자의 업무처리 능력과의 관계를 분석 하였다. 또한 최종사용자의 전산회계 관련 업무의 운용능력과 교육의 경험 정도가 실무에서 반영되는 상관적 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 요약하면, 첫째로, 중규모의 기업에서 전산회계 교육의 경험 정도는 회계정보 시스템의 업무에 보다 적합한 결과를 나타낼 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 둘째, 최종사용자의 교육과 업무개발은 시스템을 이용한 업무 처리에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 통합화 시스템의 도입과 지속적인 기술적용에 따라 최종사용자의 업무는 전반적으로 낮은 성과를 나타내고 있었다. 따라서 최종사용자의 업무처리 능력은 교육과 지속적인 업무개발이 중요하다는 사실을 확인 하였다. 향후 이러한 결과는 사용자 중심적 시스템의 효율적인 운영전략에 지침을 제공할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 경쟁력 강화에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 【This study analyzed relation with accounting information system operations of more integration and end-user's business processing capabilities. Also, Studied the correlation that has reflecting between business computer skills and training experience level of end-user in practical operation. In summary of this study, first, found out that the improvement and training level of computerized accounting training in mid-size enterprise can be processing more effectively an accounting information business. Second, the end-user training and business development of business processes using the system, the positive impact was significant. Finally, the introduction of the continuous integration system based on new technology analyzed more lower overall performance satisfaction of end-user in the tasks. Business Ability of end-user could be important factor as ongoing business development and training. The results of this study, It can support to effective strategies of end-user systems, will expected to further strengthen competitiveness in the future.】