Sufficiency Levels Research Articles

Sufficientarianism and incommensurability

AbstractThis paper proposes a sufficientarian theory with an interval of sufficiency levels. I assume that there are upper and lower bounds of sufficiency and that all well-being levels in between can be considered sufficiency levels. This interval reflects the vagueness of the concept of sufficiency. According to the proposed principle, a distribution is morally better than another if and only if, for each threshold within the interval, the headcount of those below the threshold under the former distribution is smaller than that under the latter distribution. This necessarily leads to incommensurability in moral relations. I argue that such incommensurability makes sufficientarian principles invulnerable to some fundamental objections.

Feeding behavior, intake pattern, and nutrient sufficiency of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate

This study aimed to determine the behavior, intake pattern, and nutritional sufficiency level of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate. Twelve male local sheep weighing 13.13 ± 2.39 kg were kept in individual pens with a size of 80 × 125 cm2. The concentrate comprised soybean meal, rice bran, ground corn, mineral premix, and urea. Forage and concentrate were given at the same time in different feed bunks and were available all the time. The data observed were related to behavior, feed intake, and growth. The behavioral activities observed were duration of eating, mineral block licking, drinking, rumination, laying, and other activities. The feed intakes observed were hourly intake and daily intake. Behavioral data and dry matter intake patterns were analyzed descriptively, while nutritional sufficiency was analyzed using a one-sample t test compared to the nutrient requirements of local sheep for an increase in body weight of 100 grams per day. The activities carried out within 24 hours were eating (24.00%), ruminating (19.05%), mineral block licking (3.45%), drinking (0.28%), laying (31.02%), and other activities (31.02%). The feed intake ratios of sorghum straw silage and concentrate were 10.89% and 89.11%, respectively, with an average daily gain of 140.00 g per head per day. The total dry matter intake was 737.34 g, consisting of a total intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients of 16.48% and 71.44%, respectively, exceeding the needs of local sheep for a daily gain of 100 g per day. Sheep can use sorghum straw silage as a forage source and regulate their consumption to meet their nutritional needs.

Hedonic test and chemical organoleptic and chemical characteristics of cork and toman fish emping

Local fish species from the waters of South Kalimantan that are a source of protein and high in albumin are cork fish and toman fish. In an effort to increase the value added and consumption of both fish, it is necessary to diversify the product, for example by processing them into fish emping. Emping is a type of round and thin snack generally made from melinjo seeds, which are flaked, dried and then fried. The aim of this study was to determine the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of cork and toman fish emping. This study consisted of 2 treatments, namely the cork fish puff and the toman fish puff. To determine the difference between the two treatments, data analysis was carried out using independent t-test with test parameters including yield calculation, hedonic test (taste, colour, aroma and texture) and chemical test (water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, energy, TKE and TKP). Based on the results of the t-test, it is known that the organoleptic characteristics of the two empings show a significant difference, with the cork emping being more favourable than the toman emping. The chemical characteristics did not show any significant difference. In conclusion, the yield characteristics, moisture content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, energy, energy sufficiency level (TKE) and protein sufficiency level (TKP) of cork fish cake were 4.07%, 66.66%, 2.67%, 7.22%, 0.95%, 319.52 kcal, 20.97% and 202.00% respectively with a yield of 10.10%. For toman, the values were 19.29%, 4.31%, 66.89%, 2.55%, 6.96%, 1.02%, 318.37 kcal, 20.54% and 202.69% with a yield of 10.83%. Thus, both cork and toman fish cake are high protein products.

The Status of B Vitamin in Saudi Adults: A Review

Background and Objective: B vitamins are essential for maintaining several body functions. Assessing micronutrient status in a population is crucial for evaluating the individual or the population’s levels of nutrient sufficiency, deficiency, or toxicity; examining the relationship between a nutrient’s status and adverse health outcomes; and determining nutrient needs to establish reference values. There is lack of periodical national surveys in Saudi Arabia that assess the status of the B vitamins. Therefore, this review summarizes and critique the literature of B vitamin status in Saudi adults age of ≥18 years. Methods and Study Design: Databases (PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between January 1980 to December 2022 using combinations of the terms “Saudi Arabia”, “status”, “level” along with all the corresponding vitamin B keywords and metabolites. Results: Forty three studies were obtained. Only 28 studies were included to the current review. Several studies conducted in Saudi adults measured folate and vitamin B12 status. Fewer studies assessed thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine status. No relevant studies were found on the status of niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Studies on thiamin status have not reported rates of deficiency except for one study reporting a prevalence of 3%. Conflicting findings were observed for riboflavin status, but the most recent evidence suggests a prevalence of 36.9% deficiency among Saudi adults. Folate deficiency appears to be low, whereas vitamin B12 might be of concern among Saudi adults. Conclusions: There were discrepancies in the results of some vitamin status in Saudi adults mainly attributed to differences in biomarkers used, methodologies, regional differences, and/or age group/population.

The Correlation Between Eating Patterns and Nutritional Adequacy of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Due to sensory and motor dysfunction, some children with cerebral palsy (CP), have trouble chewing and ingesting, which may result in inadequate feeding. The goal of this study is to look into the correlation between eating patterns and nutritional adequacy of children with cerebral palsy. This research was carried out in 11 Special Schools Depok, Bogor and Jakarta. Taking into the topic inclusion requirements of the subjects (i.e. aged 5-18 years, had hemiplegic and diplegic types of cerebral palsy, had no infection, and good communication), 45 subjects were interviewed for data collection. A pre-test structured questionnaire which uncovered the identity and dietary intake (1x24-hour food record by caregiver) was used to guide the interviewer and also interview about the type of food of meal and snack and the frequency of eating in children. The results showed that the children with cerebral palsy liked to consume soft and liquid foods. Protein, fat, energy, and carbohydrate showed mean sufficiency levels of 80,9%, 53,5%, respectively. 62.0%, and 66.2%. Iron, calcium, zinc, Vitamins A, D, E, B9, C, calcium, iron, and zinc all exhibited mean sufficiency levels of 40.7%, 29.9%, 41.1%, 135.9%, 36.4%, 63.3%, 30.9%, and 70.8%. There was a substantial beneficial relationship between eating behaviors and protein and carbohydrate sufficiency (p<0.05). This implies that the children with cerebral palsy inadequately consume both macro- and micronutrient source foods. The result showed that there’s a correlation between eating patterns and nutritional adequacy in children with CP. Th

Accounting undergraduates’ perspectives on integrating forensic accounting into the curriculum in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study examines the current level of forensic accounting education in Sri Lanka and its level of sufficiency from the viewpoint of accounting undergraduates studying in Sri Lankan government universities. Research methodology: Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire targeting third and fourth-year accounting undergraduates of Sri Lankan government universities. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive statistics were used as analytical tools. Results: The study revealed that existing auditing course modules and stand-alone forensic accounting course units do not adequately cover forensic accounting topics in response to the rising demand for forensic accountants' services in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan government universities are required to restructure the integration of forensic accounting education with greater coverage. Moreover, as per accounting undergraduates, the precise method of covering forensic accounting within accounting education would be to introduce a separate degree program that covers all forensic accounting discussions. Limitations: The main limitation of this study is that it focuses only on the perspectives of government university undergraduates. Perceptions of accounting undergraduates in private universities and professional qualification institutions that offer accounting degree programs were not considered. Contribution: This study provides insights for university administrators on how to integrate forensic accounting into the accounting curriculum. Moreover, the suggested modifications will provide undergraduates with the skills required to practice forensic accounting after graduation.

The Role of Zakat Institutions in Achieving the Sufficiency Level for Zakat Recipients

The Role of Zakat Institutions in Achieving the Sufficiency Level for Zakat Recipients

Impact of home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak on vitamin D levels and trends among children with pneumonia aged 1–35 months

AbstractVitamin D plays a vital role in immunity and is related to susceptibility and the severity of pneumonia. The home confinement caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) decreased sunlight exposure derived from outdoor activities in children, thereby possibly exerting an influence on 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. The aim of this study is to quantify vitamin D level changes and trends among infants and toddlers with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) during and post the home confinement period. This study included children who were hospitalized in the respiratory department of the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University with CAP between February 1 and July 31 from 2020 to 2022 (N = 397). We used propensity score matching to control the confounding bias. The levels and trends of the children's serum 25(OH)D concentrations overall and by age groups were compared between the different periods. The serum 25(OH)D concentration during the home confinement period was lower (p < 0.05) but was still at the vitamin D sufficiency level. There was a gradual decrease in the 25(OH)D concentrations in the subsequent several months after the beginning of home confinement, and the recovery time was delayed. When analyzed by age group, the serum 25(OH)D concentration of the toddler group changed more significantly than that of the infant group between the different periods. The insufficiency of sunlight exposure caused by home confinement resulted in a slight and gradual decrease in vitamin D levels among children with CAP. In addition, the impact was more significant for toddlers.

Climbing crags recommender system in Arco, Italy: a comparative study.

Outdoor sport climbing is popular in Northern Italy due to its vast amount of rock climbing places (such as crags). New climbing crags appear yearly, creating an information overload problem for tourists who plan their sport climbing vacation. Recommender systems partly addressed this issue by suggesting climbing crags according to the most visited places or the number of suitable climbing routes. Unfortunately, these methods do not consider contextual information. However, in sport climbing, as in other outdoor activities, the possibility of visiting certain places depends on several contextual factors, for instance, a suitable season (winter/summer), parking space availability if traveling with a car, or the possibility of climbing with children if traveling with children. To address this limitation, we collected and analyzed the crag visits in Arco (Italy) from an online guidebook. We found that climbing contextual information, similar to users' content preferences, can be modeled by a correlation between recorded visits and crags features. Based on that, we developed and evaluated a novel context-aware climbing crags recommender system Visit & Climb, which consists of three stages as follows: (1) contextual information and content tastes are learned automatically from the users' logs by computing correlation between users' visits and crags' features; (2) those learned tastes are further made adjustable in a preference elicitation web interface; (3) the user receives recommendations on the map according to the number of visits made by a climber with similar learned tastes. To measure the quality of this system, we performed an offline evaluation (where we calculated Mean Average Precision, Recall, and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain for top-N), a formative study, and an online evaluation (in a within-subject design with experienced outdoor climbers N = 40, who tried three similar systems including Visit & Climb). Offline tests showed that the proposed system suggests crags to climbers accurately as the other classical models for top-N recommendations. Meanwhile, online tests indicated that the system provides a significantly higher level of information sufficiency than other systems in this domain. The overall results demonstrated that the developed system provides recommendations according to the users' requirements, and incorporating contextual information and crag characteristics into the climbing recommender system leads to increased information sufficiency caused by transparency, which improves satisfaction and use intention.

The Mediating Role of Attitude towards Digital Technology in the Relationship between Digital Citizenship and Motivation in Social Studies Course

The aim of this study is to clarify the mediating role of attitudes towards digital technology in the relationship between digital citizenship in social studies class and motivation, and to provide an important perspective for educators. The research was conducted using a correlational survey model to reveal the relationships between digital citizenship in social studies class, motivation, and attitudes towards digital technology. The study group consisted of 409 sixth and seventh-grade students attending a public school affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Oltu district, Erzurum, during the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample size was determined using disproportionate stratified sampling technique, with a sufficiency level of 95% confidence, calculated as a minimum of 374. Accordingly, the target was to reach 420 students. However, due to some missing data during the data collection process, data from 409 students were used. After eliminating 21 data with outlier characteristics, 388 valid data were used for the analysis. Of the participating students, 212 (51.8%) were male, and 197 (48.2%) were female. The Digital Citizenship Scale, Social Studies Class Motivation Scale, and Attitudes Towards Digital Technology Scale were used for data collection in the study. Descriptive statistics, including means and coefficients, were used for data analysis. The data collected in the study were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.8 software packages. The relationships between digital citizenship, motivation in social studies class, and attitudes towards digital technology were tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The study found that attitudes towards digital technology play a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between digital citizenship and motivation in social studies class.

The Effects of School Food Assistance on Children’s Food Sufficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of school food assistance on children’s food sufficiency in the United States during the pandemic. We employed the Household Pulse Surveys (HPS) conducted by the United States Census Bureau and administered between July 21, 2021-May 9, 2022. Our outcome of interest is the household self-reported indicator of children’s food sufficiency in the last 7 days. The results show that the probability of children being food sufficient increased significantly by about 12%, 3%, 2%, and 10% among households who received school meals via School pickup, Pandemic-EBT, ate at school, and delivery at home, respectively. The effect of school food assistance on children’s food sufficiency across race and ethnic groups is mixed. While all school food assistance consistently impacts children’s food sufficiency levels among White, only school meals received via school pickup, eating on-site at school, and delivery at home impact children’s food sufficiency among Black. In contrast, only school meals received via school pickup, Pandemic-EBT, and delivery at home impact children’s food sufficiency among Asia households. We also find only school meals received via school pickup impact children’s food sufficiency levels among Hispanics and other races.

THE IMPACT OF SEX ON METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES, INDUCED BY HIGH-FRUCTOSE-DIET IN RATS

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, which manifestation may be different for men and women. Changes in sex hormone levels in men and women during lifespan contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk. Data of clinical researches suggest that transition from normal glucose tolerance to dysglycemia lead to more adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in women than in men, suggesting an important impact of sex on the development of metabolic abnormalities. A significant increase in risk may be due to the sex differences in manifestation of some components of metabolic syndrome, but accurate reasons of these discrepancies need future investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in impairment of glucose, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular systems function between male and female rats with different levels of estrogen sufficiency. Materials and Methods. MetS was modelled in male and female rats with different levels of estrogens by chronic (for 8 weeks) intake of fructose (high-fructose diet - HFD) with drinking water at a concentration 200 g/L. Estrogens deficiency was reproduced by bilateral ovariectomy. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: control males (n=6), control females (n=6), males with HFD (n=6), sham-operated females with intact ovaries and HFD (n=6), ovariectomized (OVX) females with HFD (n=6). Glucose homeostasis was assessed by basal glycemia, glycemia during the intra-abdominal glucose tolerance test and fructosamine level. Insulin sensitivity was determined using intra-abdominal insulin tolerance test. Body weight gain, visceral fats, level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, levels of estradiol and testosterone in blood serum were determined. At the end of the study, electrocardiograms were recorded in three standard leads from the limbs. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Results. It was established that HFD have not been induced metabolic abnormalities in female rats with intact ovaries. HFD, independently of sex, led to the development of insulin resistance and significant increase in fructosamine level in blood serum of rats. Ovariectomized females with HFD had greater intensity of body weight gain, significantly higher levels of relative mass of fats, more pronounced alterations of lipid metabolism with increased total cholesterol and significantly higher levels of triglycerides, than HFD-treated male rats. However, impairment of glucose tolerance, induced by HFD, was more pronounced in male than in OVX female rats. We found the decline testosterone levels and slight increase in estradiol levels in male rats with HFD. OVX females with HFD had a moderate significant increase in testosterone levels and dramatically decrease in estradiol concentration as result of bilateral ovariectomy. HFD, independently from sex, induced the development of sinus tachycardia in experimental animals. Metabolic abnormalities, induced by HFD, in OVX female rats led to more pronounced disturbances of heart depolarization and repolarization processes and development of diastolic dysfunction compare to HFD-treated males. Conclusions. We revealed that sex and estrogens levels have a great impact on the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism and cardiovascular systems function, induced by high-fructose diet in rats. The obtained data justifies the necessity to take into account sex and estrogens sufficiency in the development of gender-specific prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Relationship between vitamin D sufficiency and interferon-γ levels in children with chronic lung diseases

Introduction. The role and mechanism of the effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic lung diseases in children are not yet fully understood. In particular, there are not enough studies on the effect of vitamin D status on the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma.Aim. To analyse the changes in IFN-γ levels in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma according to the serum 25(OH)D level before and during cholecalciferol supplementation.Materials and methods. A total of 114 children (aged from 3 months to 18 years old) were examined, including 51 (44.7%) children with bronchial asthma, 34 (29.8%) children with cystic fibrosis, and 29 (25.5%) children of the control group. If hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed, the children received a three-month cholecalciferol course at doses in accordance with the recommendations of the national consensus - Cystic Fibrosis: Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, Therapy and the national program - Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents of the Russian Federation: Current Approaches to Management. The 25(OH)D and IFN-γ levels were twice determined in all children.Results. Median 25(OH)D levels in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma did not reach the level of healthy children either before or after supplementation with cholecalciferol drugs at the recommended doses. Vitamin D intake resulted in a decrease in IFN-γ levels in healthy children from 3.07 [2.29; 4.81] pg/ml to 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml (p < 0.05), whereas such changes were not detected in the paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma in the general population. However, after supplementation with cholecalciferol, the IFN-γ level was significantly higher in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma - 2.86 [2.13; 3.86] pg/ml and 3.11 [0.89; 5.0] pg/ml, respectively, than in healthy children - 2.18 [1.74; 3.45] pg/ml (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in IFN-γ level was observed in girls with cystic fibrosis and in healthy girls after supplementation with cholecalciferol, whereas no significant changes in IFN-γ levels were detected in the groups of boys.Conclusion. Modulation of IFN-γ levels appears to be one of the mechanisms of immunotropic effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic inflammation of infectious (cystic fibrosis) and allergic (bronchial asthma) etiology in children.

Development of organic phosphorus vermicompost from raw phosphate rock using microorganisms and enzymes and its effect on tomato yield

Chemical phosphorus and other chemical fertilizers undergo certain changes in the soil. These changes cause crop yield loss because of changes in soil pH and EC. In addition, other toxic compounds accumulate. They also lead to serious soil contamination and threaten the environment. In this study, vermicompost was developed from raw phosphate rock by using microorganisms and phosphorus solubilizing enzymes (protease, lipase, dehydrogénase, hydrolase, urea, nitrogenesis, cellulose) to eliminate phosphorus deficiency in soil. Two-year greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the organic phosphorus humus produced after six months of mineralization, and tomato plants were grown. As a result of these experiments, the effects on yield and physicochemical properties of the tomato plant were studied. Earthworm fertilizer at a rate of 4500 kg ha−1 increased the tomato yield of 22.12% compared to the control application, in the two-years means. In addition, the effect on nutrient content of tomato plants resulted in statistically significant increases (p < 0.05). When the macronutrient concentrations in the leaves of the plant were examined, they were considered to have reached the level of sufficiency. It was also found that the content of amino acids, chlorophyll and antioxidants in the tomato plant reached the highest levels compared to the control application. Based on our results, it was concluded that this organic fertilizer will contribute to higher crop yields in plants of cultural and commercial importance and to other plant growth parameters.

Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Bagi Hasih Deposito Mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2017-2022

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The goal of this study was to examine the impact of various factors on the profit-sharing level of Mudharabah deposits held by fully-fledged Islamic banks, including profitability level, profitability level, financing risk level, liquidity level, operational efficiency level, and capital adequacy level. A quantitative descriptive method with panel data regression analysis techniques was used in this investigation. The approaches used for data collecting included documentation and literature study. 168 observational data were collected across 7 Full-Fledged Islamic Banks over the course of six years, from 2017 to 2022. The findings demonstrated that the profit sharing rate of Mudharabah deposits was significantly influenced by the levels of profitability, financing risk, liquidity, operational efficiency, and capital sufficiency at the same time. The amount of profitability, the level of financing risk, and the level of operational efficiency all somewhat influence the profit-sharing rate for Mudharabah deposits in a positive and significant way. The profit sharing rate of Mudharabah deposits is unaffected by both liquidity and capital adequacy levels.&#x0D; Keywords: Financial ratio, signaling theory, level of profit sharing mudaraba deposits&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Data quality model for assessing public COVID-19 big datasets.

For decision-making support and evidence based on healthcare, high quality data are crucial, particularly if the emphasized knowledge is lacking. For public health practitioners and researchers, the reporting of COVID-19 data need to be accurate and easily available. Each nation has a system in place for reporting COVID-19 data, albeit these systems' efficacy has not been thoroughly evaluated. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic has shown widespread flaws in data quality. We propose a data quality model (canonical data model, four adequacy levels, and Benford's law) to assess the quality issue of COVID-19 data reporting carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the six Central African Economic and Monitory Community (CEMAC) region countries between March 6,2020, and June 22, 2022, and suggest potential solutions. These levels of data quality sufficiency can be interpreted as dependability indicators and sufficiency of Big Dataset inspection. This model effectively identified the quality of the entry data for big dataset analytics. The future development of this model requires scholars and institutions from all sectors to deepen their understanding of its core concepts, improve integration with other data processing technologies, and broaden the scope of its applications.

The relationship between vitamin D and sarkopenia in patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Backround: Vitamin D is essential for the optimal function of many bodily systems and it is associated with various types of metabolic illnesses such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Decreased absorption of vitamin D may pose a risk for sarcopenia by affecting the lipid profile responses in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Purpose Our aim is to examine the relationship between vitamin D level and selected sarkopenia parameters such as muscle and fat mass, muscle strength, body composition, and walking speed in patients with MetS. Method 67 patients (mean age=50.3±7.69/years, F:51, M:16) aged 35-65 years and diagnosed with MetS (according to NCEP-ATP III criteria) were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), muscle and fat mass of the participants were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (TANITA). Waist and hip circumferences were measured. Right and left quadriceps muscle strength (J-Tech CommanderTM Muscle Tester) and grip strength (Jamar dynamometer) of the dominant hand (all patients were right dominant) were measured with dynamometer. Walking speed was calculated by dividing the distance walked by minutes in the 6-minute walking test. Results Of the patients, 9 (13.4%) were categorized as deficiency (&amp;lt;12 ng/mL), 10 (14.9%) had inadequacy (≥12 and &amp;lt;20 ng/mL) and 48 (71.6%) had sufficiency (≥ 20 ng/mL) level of vitamin D. There was a significant correlation between vitamin D level and body fat mass (r=-0.29, p=0.017), BMI (r=-0.29, p=0.014), hip circumference (r=-0.28, p=0.021) and left quadriceps muscle strength (r=-0.288, p=0.018). There was no correlation between vitamin D level, 6 minutes walking speed, body muscle mass, right quadriceps muscle strength and hand grip strength (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion In this study, although vitamin D level was associated with left lower extremity muscle strength in patients with MetS, it was not associated with other sarcopenia parameters such as muscle mass, upper extremity muscle strength and walking speed. The relationship between vitamin D level, fat mass and body composition seen in our study may be due to altered lipid metabolism responses. We think that the effects of vitamin D on sarcopenia in MetS should be prospectively examined in a larger sample including elderly patients and considering the vitamin D intake.

Development of an Integrated Library Management System (ILMS)

Abstract— This document presents the design and development of an integrated library management system based on the needs assessment conducted in response to technology, infrastructure, existing condition, facilities, technology readiness of human resources, automation sufficiency level, and support of technical staff among ninety-eight (98) respondents using the descriptive developmental method. Developing a system based on research is crucial in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the system. This approach addresses specific problems or challenges by incorporating evidence-based practices and the latest advancements in the field. The findings include the need to mentor the respondents on how to use technology and the influence of others as a factor in using technology. There is a difficulty encountered in navigating schools’ virtual libraries, unavailability of materials, and visiting it is not enticing anymore since information is available from the internet. The rarity of introducing new technology and the absence of 3D printers are common pain points. However, improvements on the library website, email/chat with a librarian, online research guides, online book reservations, and book delivery service were noticed. Research gaps and recommendations from the selected Library Management System were also employed as additional input in the development of the system. A deeper understanding of the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Robotics, and Embedded Systems through training, webinars, and workshops are necessary for the librarian. These technologies could be applied in library operations and transactions. Procurement of the latest equipment which includes 3D printers and the development of integrated library systems are steps to take to improve the library's services and operation. By combining the results of assessments and incorporating new knowledge derived from research gaps and recommendations, provided a stronger foundation for the system. It also provides validation and grounding in scientific principles, ensuring that the system is well-informed and effective in its implementation. Ultimately, developing a system based on research leads to more informed and effective solutions to pain points and challenges.

Reference values for vineyard nutrients in the Campanha Region estimated by the Mathematical Chance method

Viticulture in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, has been changing due to its expansion to new areas in the Campanha Region. Located in the south of the state, these areas have different edaphoclimatic conditions from those existing in the Serra Gaúcha, traditional production region. Thus, the estimation of reference values for leaf nutrient contents specific for the conditions of the Campanha is essential for the correct management of vineyards. Methods such as Mathematical Chance (MCh) enable the determination of sufficiency levels of leaf nutrients by evaluating commercial production areas. This work aimed to estimate reference values for nutrients in leaf tissue of grapevines in the region of Campanha by using the MCh method. Nutritional sufficiency ranges differed from those estimated by the official research for the state. However, they revealed high similarity with the results obtained by other studies carried out in the Campanha Region by using DRIS and CND approaches. Our results demonstrated that the MCh was able to estimate the infra- and supra-optimal limits, as well as the optimal levels for nutrients, indicating that there is potential for foliar diagnosis of vineyards in RS to be performed based on regionalized parameters.

Social Sciences Teacher Education: Sufficiency Level of Pre-Service Education According to Teachers

Bu araştırma, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin hizmet öncesinde alan bilgisi, meslek bilgisi ve öğretim programı amaçları bazında alınan eğitimin yeterlilik düzeyini belirlemeyi ve bu alanlara yönelik yeni bir eğitime ihtiyaç duyma düzeyini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, betimsel nitelikte ilişkisel tarama modelinde nicel bir araştırmadır. Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin hizmet öncesi aldıkları eğitimleri çeşitli değişkenlere göre karşılaştıran veri toplama aracı, Hatay ilinde görev yapan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri; “sosyal bilgiler” konularında ve “meslek bilgisi” konularında yeni bir eğitime “orta düzeyde” ihtiyaçları olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri, bilgi teknolojisi, medya ve ekonomi gibi konular ile proje geliştirme, bilgi-teknolojilerinin etkin kullanımı ve özel gereksinimli bireyleri dikkate alan uygulamalara yönelik eğitime ihtiyaçları olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu doğrultuda, öğretmenlerin hizmet içi ihtiyaçları tespit edilerek hizmet öncesi bağlamında fakültelerdeki lisans ders programlarının bu ihtiyaç analizlerine göre güncellenmesi önerilmektedir.