Level Of Spray-dried Porcine Plasma Research Articles

Effect of spray-dried porcine plasma in peripartum sow feed on subsequent litter size

BackgroundNutritional strategies for sows designed to reduce peripartum stress are suggested to support postpartum recovery and productivity. Spray-dried plasma (SDP) in sow feed has been reported to benefit sow and litter performance. Stressed animals fed diets with SDP have a more efficient immune response supporting animal recovery and health. The objectives of the present study using 452 sows (147 parity 1 sows, 148 parity 2 sows) were to determine if 0, 0.5 or 2.5% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in peripartum feed provided from entry in maternity through day 5 of lactation affects sow productivity and serological immune and oxidation status markers around parturition. Post-weaning sow productivity parameters including litter size at the next parturition was evaluated, but peripartum diets were only provided during the first parturition.ResultsIn the first parturition, total born litter size was lower (P < 0.05) especially for sows allotted to the peripartum diet with 2.5% SDPP. Percentage of stillborn pigs decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) for sows fed 0.5% or 2.5% SDPP compared to 0% SDPP in peripartum feed and this result was not affected by total born litter size. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increased dietary SDPP for both prepartum and postpartum sampling periods. In the next parturition, total born pigs from combined data of parity 1 and 2 sows linearly increased (P < 0.05) and live born pigs tended (P = 0.09) to linearly increase as level of SDPP increased and this result was not affected by total born litter size in the first parturition. The change in total and live born pigs from the first to the next parturition linearly (P < 0.01) increased as dietary SDPP increased for parity 1 and 2 sows.ConclusionsThe reduced percentage of stillborn pigs and increased litter size of parity 1 and 2 sows in the next parturition was independent of total born litter size in the first parturition suggesting SDPP in peripartum sow feed may have merit for reducing stillborn pigs and benefit litter size in the next parturition for parity 1 and parity 2 sows.

Spray-dried porcine plasma in dog foods: implications on digestibility, palatability and haematology

The objective of this study was to evaluate food palatability, digestibility and blood parameter of dogs fed diets containing increasing levels of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP). We also aimed to evaluate the SDP digestibility for dogs. We used 36 dogs distributed in 3 experiments. In the digestibility assay (Experiment 1), eight adult Beagles were distributed according to a double Latin square design (4 x 4). The following diets were evaluated: 0, 4, 8, and 12% SDP of diet. In the palatability trial (Experiment 2), 20 adult dogs were used. Diets containing 0 and 4% SDP were pair-wised compared. Blood parameters (Experiment 3) were evaluated in eight adult Beagles. Dogs were fed the diet with 0% for 10 days and then the diet with 12% SDP for further 10 days. Dietary SDP inclusion promoted a linear increase (P0.05). In conclusion, SDP shows high digestibility of CP and DM, being feasible its use in diets for dogs. However, it is important to study the effects of inclusion levels lower than 4%, in order to do not compromise diet palatability.

Methodologies for the Determination of Endogenous Phosphorus Losses in Growing Pigs.

A study was conducted to compare the endogenous basal losses of phosphorus (EBLP) in pigs fed diets containing gelatin (GEL) or spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) as protein sources and to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in SDPP. The trial was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Twelve castrated pigs with an initial body weight of 55 kg were individually allotted in metabolic crates during two 12-day periods, each with 7 days of adaptation and 5 days of total fecal collection. The beginning and the end of the collecting periods were determined according to the marker-to-marker approach, using ferric oxide as an indigestible marker. Pigs were submitted to four semi-purified diets, one being a P-free diet with 30% of GEL as the protein source and three were diets with 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion of SDPP respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the model included the effects of period, animal and treatments; the results of the three diets with increased levels of SDPP were subjected to linear regression analysis. The intercept of the relation of between ingested P and absorbed P represented the EBLP, while the slope indicated the STTD of P in SDPP. The EBLP means obtained by P-free diet and regression method were compared with the Student t test. The EBLP were 128.95 mg/kg dry matter intake (DMI) and 153.63 mg/kg DMI (standard error = 77.0; p<0.06) using the P-free diet with GEL as the protein source and the regression method, obtained with diets containing increased levels of SDPP, respectively. The apparent digestibility of P was 87.9%, 94.2%, and 92.9% for the treatments containing 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion of SDPP, respectively. The estimated STTD of P obtained with the linear regression was 97.4%. When the EBLP estimated by the P-free diet was used to corrected the apparent digestibility of P in diets containing SDPP, the STTD of P in SDPP was 96.9%, 98.8%, and 95.9% for 10%, 20%, and 30% SDPP, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that SDPP can replace GEL to estimate the endogenous losses of P. In addition, the STTD of P in SDPP estimated with the P-free diet was 97.2% and it was 97.4% by the regression method, utilizing SDPP.

Effect of spray-dried porcine plasma protein and egg antibodies in diets for waned pigs under environmental challenge conditions

Objectives: To study the effects on performance of weaned pigs reared in an uncleaned nursery and fed diets containing either egg yolk antibodies (EYA) or spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) at one of two dietary inclusion rates. Material and methods: Weaned pigs (21 days of age; 6.3 kg body weight) housed in an uncleaned nursery were fed diets containing 3% or 6% SDPP or 0.2% EYA for 14 days post weaning, then a common diet to day 28 post weaning (nine replicates, four pigs per pen). Results: During the initial 14 days, in pigs fed diets with increasing levels of SDPP, there was a linear improvement (P &lt; .05) in day 14 body weight and average daily weight gain (ADG) and a tendency (P &lt; .10) for improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). In addition, pigs fed SDPP had greater ADG, ADFI, and G:F than pigs fed EYA (P &lt; .05). Performance variables did not differ between pigs fed the EYA diet and those fed the unsupplemented control diet. During the common starter-diet phase (days 15 to 28), G:F was lower (P &lt; .01) for pigs previously fed SDPP diets. Over the 28-day period, performance variables did not differ (P &gt; .05). Implications: Under the conditions of this study, while performance may not be better in pigs fed an EYA diet than in pigs fed a control diet, performance may be better in pigs fed SDPP diets than in controls during the initial 14-day period.

Subsequent growth performance and digestive physiology of broilers fed on starter diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma as a substitute for meat meal

A 4 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), in lieu of meat meal, in the starter diet on performance and digestive physiology of broiler chickens between hatch and 35 d of age. Four levels of SDPP (0, 5, 10 or 20 g/kg) were included in the starter diets in lieu of meat meal on either wheat- or maize-based diets.Over the first 10 d, and throughout the 35-d experimental period, birds gained more body weight with increasing concentrations of SDPP regardless to the type of grain used. Inclusion of SDPP in the starter diet markedly improved feed per gain in the starter phase and across the 35-d study. There was no significant effect of the type of grain and its interaction with SDPP on the body weight gain and feed per gain for the two assessed periods.At d 10, the relative weight of the gizzard+proventriculus, spleen and liver increased with increasing concentrations of SDPP.At 24 d of age, the grain and SDPP inclusion significantly interacted, depressing the weight of bursa and spleen in birds that received the highest concentration of SDPP in the maize-based diet. Birds fed on the maize-based diets had higher relative weight of pancreas than those on the wheat-based diets.Increasing concentrations of SDPP in the starter diet improved the activities of maltase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase at 24 d of age. The interaction of grain and SDPP concentration was significant for sucrase activity in birds on the wheat-based diets. Chickens on maize-based diets had higher alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities than those on wheat-based diets.Chicks that were offered SDPP-containing starter diets had longer villi, deeper crypts and lower villi/crypt than the control at 24 d of age regardless of the grain type used. Furthermore, longer villi and larger villi/crypt were found in chicken groups fed on wheat-based diets than those on maize-based diets.Chickens on maize-based diets had higher dressing percentage and relative breast weight than those on wheat-based diets at 35 d of age.It can be concluded that supplementation of starter diets with SDPP would be beneficial to the long-term growth of broiler chickens. The effect of the basal grain used in the diet is minimal.

The effect of the concentration and feeding duration of spray-dried plasma protein on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosal development of broiler chickens

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the supplementation level and feeding duration of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on performance and digestive physiology of broiler chickens. Three inclusion levels of SDPP (0, 10 or 20 g/kg) were used in lieu of meat meal and fed from hatch to 5 or 10 days of age. At Day 10, there was an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between the inclusion level and feeding duration of SDPP, improving bodyweight (BW) in birds that received SDPP at the highest concentration over the longer feeding duration. Inclusion of SDPP resulted in lower (P &lt; 0.01) feed intake, higher (P &lt; 0.01) BW and improved (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, FCR was improved (P &lt; 0.001) in birds that were offered SDPP over the longer feeding duration than in those that received SDPP for a shorter duration. The pancreas was heavier (P &lt; 0.05) in the birds that received SDPP at the highest concentration over the long feeding duration. At 24 days of age, there was an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between the inclusion level and feeding duration of SDPP, indicating the lowest amino acid, protein, gross energy and dry matter digestibility in the birds that received SDPP at the highest concentration over the longer feeding duration. Villus height was increased (P &lt; 0.001) by the experimental factors and their interaction, revealing longer villi in the birds that received SDPP at the low level over the short feeding duration. Apparent villus surface area was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in birds that were offered diets that contained the highest concentration of SDPP. There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) between experimental factors with regards to the apparent villus surface area. Up to Day 35, the level of SDPP tended to increase (P = 0.06) BW. Level (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding duration (P &lt; 0.01) improved FCR in the birds that received SDPP for the long feeding duration. It would be more economical to use a low inclusion level of SDPP over a longer period of time to achieve the same benefits.

Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Influences Intestinal Barrier Function, Inflammation,and Diarrhea in Weaned Pigs

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion levels of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on postweaning (PW) intestinal barrier function, mucosal inflammation, and clinical indices of gut health in pigs. Ex vivo Ussing chamber studies were conducted to measure Ileal and colonic barrier function in terms of transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of3H-mannitol and14C-inulin. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by histological analysis and mucosal levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Dietary inclusion of 2.5 and 5% SDPP reduced colonic paracellular permeability of14C-inulin compared with controls (0% SDPP) on d 7 PW. Both 2.5 and 5% dietary SDPP reduced ileal3H-mannitol and14C-inulin permeability on d 14 PW. The 5% SDPP diet reduced colonic short-circuit current, an index of net electrogenic ion transport, and fecal scores when measured on d 7 and 14 PW compared with the control and 2.5% SDPP groups (P< 0.05). Histological analysis revealed fewer lamina propria cells in ileum and colon from pigs fed diets containing 2.5 and 5% SDPP on d 7 and 14 PW. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFa were reduced in the colon but not ileum from pigs fed the 5% SDPP on d 7 and 14 PW compared with controls (P< 0.05). IFN? levels were lower than in controls in both of the SDPP-fed groups in the ileum and colon on d 7 but not on d 14 PW. Overall, this study demonstrated that dietary inclusion of SDPP had beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and diarrhea in weaned pigs.

Uso de plasma suíno desidratado por Spray-Dryer na dieta de leitões desmamados precocemente

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso do plasma suíno desidratado (PSD), na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Cento e vinte leitões, com peso médio inicial de 5,75 kg, foram usados para testar os níveis de inclusão de 0; 2,5; 5,0; e 7,5% de plasma na fase 1 (0 a 14 dias) e o seu efeito na fase 2 (14 a 28 dias). À exceção dos leitões mantidos em dieta controle, o restante foi alimentado com ração inicial com 2,5% PSD e 2,5% de hemácias desidratadas no período 15 a 28 dias pós-desmama. As dietas foram formuladas para conter nas fases 1 e 2, respectivamente, 1,40 e 1,20% de lisina, 0,54 e 0,41% de metionina e 15 e 8% de lactose. Foi usado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições por tratamento e seis animais por unidade experimental. O consumo médio diário de ração aumentou linearmente, nas fases 1 e 2, com o aumento de PSD na ração. No período de 0 a 28 dias, houve resposta linear para o consumo médio diário de ração para os níveis de PSD da fase 1. O plasma estimulou maior consumo de ração pré-inicial, nas duas semanas subseqüentes ao desmame. Este efeito foi mantido durante a segunda fase (15 a 28 dias pós-desmame), quando foi usada na ração inicial combinação de 2,5% de plasma e 2,5% de hemácias desidratada.

The impact of environment and antimicrobial agents on the growth response of early-weaned pigs to spray-dried porcine plasma.

Four 28-d experiments involving 360 weanling pigs were conducted to investigate the effects of including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning followed by feeding a common diet from d 14 to d 28. In Exp. 1, 80 weanling pigs (4.9 kg BW, 17 +/- 1 d of age) were used to determine the effects of substituting 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12% SDPP for dried skim milk (DSM) and L-lysine.HCl. Growth rate and feed intakes from d 0 to 14 and d 0 to 28 were not affected by increasing levels of SDPP, but feed/gain from d 0 to 14 increased linearly (P < .001) as the level of SDPP increased. In Exp. 2 and 3, 160 pigs (80 pigs in each trial; 5.4 kg BW, 18 +/- 2 d of age) were used to determine the effect of nursery environment on the performance of pigs fed a diet containing 20% DSM or 8.3% SDPP. Pigs were housed in either an off-site, environmental chamber in newly purchased pens (experimental nursery) or a more typical, on-farm, conventional nursery. Pigs in the experimental nursery performed superior to the pigs in the conventional nursery from d 0 to 14 and from d 0 to 28 (P < .001). Growth rate and feed intake were enhanced (P < .05) by feeding SDPP to pigs in the conventional nursery, but the responses to SDPP were of considerably less magnitude in pigs housed in the experimental nursery, resulting in environment x diet interactions (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Plasma protein for pigs weaned at 19 to 24 days of age: effect on performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, insulin, and glucose concentrations.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) protein in diets for early weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 144 weanling pigs (24 +/- 4 d of age) were used to determine the effects of replacing dried skim milk (DSM) with either 4% SDPP or 2.75% spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) in Phase 1 diets (d 0 to 14 postweaning). During 0 to 14, pigs fed SDPP or SDBM had higher ADG (P < .05) and ADFI (P < .1) than those fed DSM. Pigs fed SDPP had greater (P < .05) ADG and ADFI (P < .1) than those fed SDBM. In Exp. 2, performance was similar in pigs fed two plasma protein sources (AP-820 and MP-722). In Exp.3, 18 weanling pigs (19 to 20 d of age) were used to determine the effects of feeding high levels of SDPP on performance and on plasma IGF-I, growth hormone, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Pigs were fed either a control diet containing 21.5% soybean meal (SBM) or a diet containing 14% SDPP. Treatments were applied for 14 d (Phase 1). During d 0 to 14, pigs fed a SDPP had a greater ADG and ADFI (P < .05) than pigs fed SBM. Replacing SBM with SDPP did not affect plasma IGF-I and glucose concentrations. However, SDPP replacement increased (P < .06) plasma growth hormone concentrations. Insulin levels were greater (P < .06) in pigs fed SBM than in those fed SDPP. These results indicate that SDPP and SDBM are effective alternatives to DSM or SBM in Phase 1 diets and the two plasma protein sources will produce similar performance. The factor(s) responsible for this improved performance does not seem to involve a change in plasma IGF-I.

The effect of spray-dried porcine plasma on growth performance in the early-weaned pig.

A total of 904 weanling pigs were used to investigate the effects of 1) spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), 2) blends of SDPP and spray-dried blood meal (SDBM), and 3) added dietary methionine in a SDPP-based diet on starter pig performance. In Exp. 1, 534 weanling pigs (initially 6.4 kg and 21 +/- 2 d of age) were used to determine the effects of either 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% SDPP and lactose as a replacement for dried skim milk in the Phase I diet (d 0 to 14 postweaning). All pigs were fed the same diet from d 14 to 28 postweaning. Average daily gain from d 0 to 14 increased (linear, P < .01) with increasing SDPP. From d 14 to 28, ADG decreased (linear, P < .03) as level of SDPP fed during Phase I increased. However, for d 0 to 28, ADG was increased (linear, P < .01) with increasing SDPP in the Phase I diet. Feed intake increased with increasing SDPP from d 0 to 14 and d 0 to 28 (quadratic, P < .04 and P < .08, respectively); however, gain/feed (G/F) was not affected. In Exp 2, 298 weanling pigs (initially 5.5 kg and 19 +/- 2 d of age) were used to determine the effects of replacing SDPP with SDBM in the Phase I diet. Pigs were fed either a diet containing 10% SDPP or diets with SDBM replacing 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the lysine provided by the SDPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Optimum level of spray-dried porcine plasma for early-weaned (10.5 d of age) starter pigs (1993)

A total of 290 early-weaned pigs (initially 7.6 lb and 10.5 d of age) was used to evaluate various levels of spray-dried porcine plasma. Pigs were assigned to one of five experimental diets with either 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15% spray-dried porcine plasma replacing dried skim milk. Pigs were fed this diet for the first 14 days postweaning. Common diets were fed from d 14 to 42 postweaning in order to monitor subsequent performance. During the first phase (d 0 to 14 postweaning), linear improvements in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) occurred as the level of spray-dried porcine plasma increased from 5% to 15%. This resulted in a linear improvement in weight at d 14 postweaning. For the first phase and subsequent phases, no differences occurred in feed efficiency (F/G). From d 14 to 21 postweaning, a linear decrease occurred in ADG and ADFI as well as a linear deterioration of F/G as the level of spray-dried porcine plasma increased from 5% to 15%. This reversal of performance resulted in no difference of pig weights at d 21 and 25 postweaning. From d 25 to 42 postweaning, no difference was seen in ADG. In summary, spray-dried porcine plasma can be used as an effective replacement for dried skim milk as a protein source in diets for pigs weaned at 10 d of age.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18,1993

Optimum level of spray-dried porcine plasma for early-weaned (10.5 d of age) starter pigs (1993)

Optimum level of spray-dried porcine plasma for early-weaned (10.5 d of age) starter pigs (1993)

Effects of spray-dried porcine plasma in the high nutrient density diet (1992)

A total of 740 weanling pigs was used in three separate experiments to evaluate the effects of additions of spray-dried porcine plasma in the HNDD starter diet. In Trial 1, 534 weanling pigs (initially 14.1 lb and 21 d of age) were used to evaluate various levels of spray-dried porcine plasma. Pigs were assigned to one of six experimental diets with either 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% spray-dried porcine plasma replacing dried skim milk. Pigs were fed this diet for the first 14 days postweaning, when they were switched to a common phase II diet (d 14 to 28). During phase I (d 0 to 14), linear· and quadratic improvements occurred in average daily gain and average daily feed intake. No significant differences occurred in feed efficiency for any phase of the eXPeriment. In Trial 2, 68 weanling pigs (12.7 lb and 21 d of age) were used to determine if supplemental methionine is needed for diets containing high levels of spray-dried porcine plasma. Pigs were fed identical diets containing 20% dried whey, 7.5%spray-dried porcine plasma, and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal except that one diet contained 2 lblton supplemental DL-methionine. Pigs receiving diets containing supplemental methionine had improved average daily gain and average daily feed intake during the first week postweaning. Feed efficiency also was improved for the overall trial. In Trial 3, 144 weanling pigs (initially 12.61b and 19 d of age) were used in a 21-d growth trial to evaluate two different sources of spray-dried porcine plasma. Pigs were assigned one of two diets containing 20% dried whey and 10% spray-dried porcine plasma. Pigs receiving the diet containing spray-dried porcine plasma obtained from source 1 had improved average daily gain for all phases of the eXPeriment and increased average daily feed intake for d 0 to 14 and d 0 to 21 compared to pigs fed the diet containing spraydried porcine plasma from source 2. There were no differences in feed efficiency. In conclusion, these trials demonstrate three key points concerning spray-dried porcine plasma: 1) starter pig performance is improved linearly with increasing levels of spray-dried porcine plasma through 10% of the diet; 2) DL-methionine must be added to diets containing high levels of spray-dried porcine plasma to obtain optimal performance; and 3) there are differences in commercially available sources of spray-dried porcine plasma.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1992