Levels Of Overall Happiness Research Articles

Antecedents of Mobile Banking User Loyalty Factors

The growth of a nation's economy cannot occur without the presence of strong financial institutions. The purpose of this research is to investigate a variety of factors that have an impact on the level of fidelity displayed by customers who use mobile banking. The trust of the business and the satisfaction of its customers are essential components. The research was conducted in a non-bank financial institution known as the Village Credit organization (LPD), which is situated in Kelan Traditional Village in Badung Regency in the province of Bali. The study included a total of 120 participants who were clients of LPD Kelan and regularly utilized Mobile Banking. The participants were chosen through the use of a straightforward random sampling method. The dissemination of surveys was done directly through the use of Google Forms as part of the process of data collection. Quantifying replies in the questionnaire is done using a scale that ranges from strongly disagreeing to strongly agreeing on a 1-10 point interval scale. For the purpose of this study, the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) methodology was applied to the data analysis, and the SmartPLS 3.2 program was utilized. The findings of this investigation indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed. Client loyalty is directly and significantly influenced in a positive way by factors such as quality of service, trust in the provider, and overall level of happiness with the provider's offering. Conversely, the influence of trust and service quality on loyalty is mediated by customer satisfaction, resulting in a positive and significant impact. As a result, the level of satisfaction functions as an efficient mediator of the study model

Determining factors in the overall happiness and outlook for the future of women living homeless: Evidence from Madrid, Spain.

People living homeless are quite heterogeneous groups, including different subgroups with specific characteristics that vary substantially. Within this group, women living homeless are an understudied subgroup with specific necessities which in most cases have not been addressed in general studies related to the group. The present study examines determining factors that influence the levels of overall happiness and outlook for the future of women living homeless. To fulfill this objective, a survey was conducted on a group of women living homeless in the city of Madrid (Spain). The results of a structural equation modeling analysis found that having a larger and stable social support network, loneliness, and good health conditions without any problems associated with drug abuse are the main factors influencing their levels of overall happiness and their outlook for the future. The proposed model has also shown that stressful life events play an important role in the analysis, unlike economic aspects, which have a limited impact on their situation. This article provides new information and innovation in research about homelessness, in particular women living homeless, thus being important for extending and replicating its findings to an international context.

HAPPINESS AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL FORMATION

The precedent of the study of happiness as a psychological education is the extraordinary relevance of the problem and its interdisciplinary study. The authors of the article emphasize that despite the constant interest in the problem, the phenomenon of happiness today is still not sufficiently studied, there is no clear common definition. Happiness is difficult to rigorous, accurate analysis and psychodiagnostic measurement. Positions of understanding happiness are singled out: as a motive and purpose of life and as a result of human activity. It is noted that a person's desire for happiness is correlated with the idea of self-sufficiency, realization and creativity. The traps that can occur on the path to well-being and happiness are analyzed, as well as the important factors with which happiness correlates and does not correlate. The determinants and a wide range of factors of happiness are determined, which are determined by both the objective circumstances of human life and the uniqueness of the individual. It is objective (health, income, work, social status, leisure, education, age, gender, religion, etc.) and subjective (neuroticism, extraversion, humor, joy, love) factors to varying degrees. your contribution to the overall level of happiness. Also important are the principles of happiness, namely: optimism, love, the ability to forgive, self-development, etc., which simplify the path to a happy life. Happiness is associated with a sense of fullness of life, joy and satisfaction with life, which underlie the optimal, healthy and effective functioning of the individual, as an integral result based on the recognition of the priority of both public and personal interests. Based on integrated models and formulas of happiness, the authors built their own component model of happiness and well-being, which is determined by the variables of physiological, cognitive, affective (emotional), social and personal levels of the individual. A thorough analysis of the psychological phenomenon of happiness as a psychological formation, characterized by satisfaction and awareness of human life, the dominance of a positive emotional state and based on the integration of components of a happy life. Prospects for research in the direction of finding out effective methods of studying happiness, its dynamics and effective development strategies are identified. Keywords: happiness, well-being, psychological education, personality, model of happiness.

CONSTRUCTION OF HAPPINESS INDICES: A WAY TO EXPLAIN SUBJECTIVITY OF HAPPINESS

Economists have learned not to quantify utility in a direct way, rather to confirm it from behavioural manifestation and that manifestation based on what one perceived from his/her life circumstances. The attitudes of individuals indicate whether they are happy with what they have, for example, with their lives and families. But to interpret happiness in one word or through one phrase can make it more ambiguous. So, in this study we have included several variables that contribute one’s overall level of happiness that was not being included in the previous studies. The happiness constructed in this study through principal component analysis for further empirical analysis. The economics of happiness is one of the emerging areas that not only thriving into economic policy but also for socio economic policies. In this analysis we have explored maximum possible variable that may contribute to one’s happiness not at individual’s levels but also at country’s level. From these variables we have constructed ten happiness indices: family happiness, neighbour happiness, environmental happiness, gender happiness, patriotism happiness, political happiness, religious happiness, life satisfaction and freedom of choice happiness. Key words: Happiness, economic policy, principal component analysis, variables.

Unhappiness and casual attributions of homelessness among people living homeless in León (Nicaragua).

Nicaragua is one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Latin America, with a collectivist culture, where information on people in a homeless situation is very limited. The study examines a sample of people living homeless in the city of León (Nicaragua), their level of overall happiness, their future expectations, their perception of the evolution of their situation, their causal attributions of homelessness, and the aspects they believe are most important for overcoming their situation. Forty-one of the 68 homeless people contacted in León (Nicaragua) responded to a structured interview. The results show that the interviewees reported very low levels of overall happiness, although their future expectations were positive. The interviewees attributed homelessness situation (their own and other people's) primarily to individualistic causes and problems in family relationships, and they had a tendency to consider both themselves and other people living homeless responsible for their homelessness. The results are compared to the data obtained using similar methodologies and instruments for people living homeless in Madrid (Spain) and trash pickers in León (Nicaragua)-two groups in situations of extreme poverty and social exclusion.

The relationship between students\u2019 perception of the educational environment and their subjective happiness

BackgroundHappiness, a subjective judgment about one’s quality of life, is influenced by environmental factors and should be considered as an important goal of medical education, which should support each learner’s development as a person as well as a professional. However, although several studies have reported on the correlation between Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) scores and students’ academic achievement, few have investigated the relationship between DREEM scores and students’ subjective happiness. This study examined different perceptions of the educational environment between phases of the curriculum and determined which DREEM subscales affect the overall level of happiness.MethodsWe used the Korean version of the DREEM questionnaire and a single item measure of happiness on a scale of 0 to 10. First we analyzed student perceptions of the educational environment according to their demographic characteristics using independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance. A multiple regression analysis was performed to reveal which subscales affect the overall level of happiness while controlling for grade point average (GPA) and other demographic characteristics.ResultsThe subjects were 239 medical school students across all stages of the curriculum. The students’ overall perception was more positive for the educational environment during Phase 3 (clerkship) than Phase 1 (pre-medical). Among the DREEM subscales, this difference was especially prominent in Students’ Perception of Learning and Students’ Academic Self-Perceptions. In contrast, no difference in the subjective perception of happiness was found between phases. The effect of GPA on happiness became insignificant under the control of other variables, but the influence of the Students’ Social Self-Perceptions (SSSP) subscale remained significant.ConclusionsThe students’ overall perception of the educational environment was more positive during the clerkship period than in the pre-medical period. Based on our finding that the SSSP correlates significantly with subjective happiness, we suggest that institutions promote not only students’ academic development but also their happiness by fostering an appropriate educational environment.

Does Everything Fall Apart? Life Assessments Following a Gray Divorce

The divorce–stress–adjustment theoretical framework emphasizes not only the negative consequences associated with marital dissolution but also the positive outcomes that can eventually emerge after former spouses part ways. This study aims to examine the subjective life assessments of the heterosexual gray divorced population within the first 3 years of their marital splits with respect to this framework. Qualitative data based on 66 in-depth interviews of the gray divorced population were collected and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Negative consequences of gray divorce included financial worries and loneliness. However, participants also identified positive aspects of their new lives, including higher levels of overall happiness, liberation from their ex-spouses, and enhanced independence and freedom. These results show that immediately after their marriages dissolve, members of the gray divorced population experience complex reactions in accordance with the divorce-stress-adjustment framework. More specifically, these men and women see both challenges and opportunities after their gray divorces.

“If I’m not gardening, I’m not at my happiest”: exploring the positive subjective experiences derived from serious leisure gardening by older adults

ABSTRACTExploring the indicators of an individual’s happiness and well-being over their lifetime has become a major research focus. The aim of this study was to identify meanings and values of gardening as a core leisure activity in the lives of older individuals living in a community setting. A key focus of such effort being to discern whether or not leisure gardening contributes to the participants’ overall level of happiness and subjective well-being. Participants were purposely selected from previous research conducted by the authors and who were identified as serious leisure gardeners. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 Australians aged 57–84 years. Results identified that participants considered the activity as integral to who they were as a person. Moreover, the study found that the respondents considered gardening to be a central life interest that provided them with a social and active lifestyle. Critically, the activity also offered them a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction through which they derived a deep sense of enjoyment and happiness not experienced by them in other activities. Findings provide strong support for the activity of gardening to be considered more seriously by policy-makers and program developers as a core leisure pursuit that aids older adults to lead a more joyous and fulfilling life in their golden years.

Sport events and happiness: towards the development of a measuring instrument

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to create a measuring instrument to capture happiness in the context of events and test it in the context of two non-mega-sport events. Three groups of residents were distinguished (event 1: Ontario Summer Games (OSG); event 2: Ontario 55 + Summer Games (55 + SG); and a control group, unaware of events: CONTR). Residents who did not attend the events were surveyed in public places in order to find out whether the mere hosting of these events had the potential to impact their happiness and well-being. The theoretical construct of subjective well-being was used to develop a survey to measure happiness and well-being holistically. Four components were developed: overall level of happiness (one item), satisfaction with important domains (three items), and specific emotions recently experienced (i.e. affect dimensions, eight items). Exploratory factor analyses confirmed one construct for satisfaction; and two constructs for the affect dimensions: positive affect (three items) and reversed negative affect (five items). ANOVAs revealed that residents aware of the 55 + SG, an “older age” sport event, reported significantly higher levels of overall happiness and satisfaction than the control group. Moreover, the 55 + SG showed significantly lower levels of negative emotions than the OSG and control groups. The results do not strongly support the notion that different types of events affect residential happiness in different ways. Future research should explore the impacts of other types of sport events on residential happiness and well-being, and account for socio-demographic factors, involvement with the event, and the weather to more precisely discern the impacts of events on residential happiness.

Family Smoking, Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home and Family Unhappiness in Children.

Tobacco use adversely affects many aspects of well-being and is disliked by non-smokers. However, its association with family happiness is unknown. We investigated the associations of family unhappiness with smoking in family members and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home in Hong Kong children. In a school-based survey in 2012–2013, 1238 primary school students (mean age 8.5 years, standard deviation 0.9; 42.6% boys) reported family smoking, SHS exposure at home and whether their families had any unpleasant experience caused by smoking or SHS in the past 30 days (tobacco-related unpleasant experience), and rated the overall level of happiness in their families (family unhappiness). Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the associations of tobacco-related unpleasant experience and family unhappiness with family smoking and SHS exposure at home. Tobacco-related unpleasant experience and family unhappiness were reported by 27.5% and 16.5% of students. Unpleasant experience was more strongly associated with family smoking than SHS exposure at home. Family unhappiness was associated with both family smoking (odds ratio 2.37; 95% confidence interval 1.51–3.71) and SHS exposure at home (1.82; 1.39–2.40). These results suggest a previously neglected possible impact of tobacco use on family happiness.

How moderates and extremists find happiness: Ideological orientation, citizen–government proximity, and life satisfaction

While the topic of life satisfaction and its determinants has drawn increasing attention among political scientists, most studies have focused mainly on macro-level variables, and often overlooked the role of individuals’ attitudes vis-à-vis their governments. The present article attempts to fill this gap by examining whether citizens’ left–right self-placement and ideological distance from their governments exert an independent effect on life satisfaction. Utilizing a dataset spanning a quarter century and containing nearly 70,000 respondents, we demonstrate a curvilinear relationship between ideological orientations and happiness, with self-identified radicals on both ends of the spectrum happier than moderate citizens. Moreover, we show that while propinquity between self-position and government position contributes to happiness, this effect is highly mediated by individual locations along the left–right spectrum: centrists report higher levels of happiness the closer they are to their government, while the opposite is true for radicals. The normative implication of our findings is that moderate governments may present a comparative advantage in enhancing the overall level of happiness of their citizens.

Volunteering predicts happiness among older Māori and non-Māori in the New Zealand health, work, and retirement longitudinal study

Objectives: This study sought to understand the relationship between volunteer activity and happiness among a sample of older adult New Zealanders. It specifically sought to determine if ethnicity (Māori vs. non-Māori) and economic living standards (ELS) functioned as moderators of the relationship between volunteering and happiness. Method: Data were garnered from the 2008 administration of the New Zealand Health, Work, and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Correlational and multiple regression procedures were employed to examine study hypotheses. Results: Results from multiple regression analyses showed that the amount of volunteering per week was a unique predictor of the overall level of happiness. Moderation analyses indicated that ethnicity did not function as a moderator of the relationship between volunteering and happiness, but ELS did. Those with low ELS evidenced a stronger relationship between volunteering and happiness than those with high ELS. Results also indicated that Māori and those with low ELS volunteered more frequently than non-Māori and those with high ELS. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that volunteering is related to increased happiness, irrespective of ethnicity. It also provides further evidence that the relationship between volunteering and happiness is moderated by economic resources. Older individuals at the low end of the economic spectrum are likely to benefit more from volunteering than those at the high end.

Piecing the jigsaw puzzle of adolescent happiness

Happiness is increasingly recognized as a proxy for utility and therefore a valuable maximand for policy decisions. As a result many studies have investigated happiness and the associated determinants in both overall and specific life domains. Adolescent happiness, however, remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to explore the relative importance of happiness of young Dutch adolescents at home, school, and leisure, and their associations with a broad array of personal and context characteristics within each of these domains. We used data from a study which investigated adolescents’ health behaviour in relation to their attitudes regarding health and lifestyle as well as their considerations and expectations regarding the future consequences of their behaviour ( n = 1436). Variables were selected on the basis of findings in the literature or significant univariate Pearson correlations between the variable and domain-specific or overall happiness. The data was analysed using multiple hierarchical stepwise regressions. In line with international findings, most adolescents reported high levels of overall happiness with a mean score of 7.69 (SD = 1.23) on a scale from 0 to 10. Personal and context characteristics were associated with adolescent overall happiness either directly or indirectly, via domain-specific happiness. Happiness at home, at school, and during leisure hours contributed approximately equally to overall happiness but were associated with different characteristics. Finally, the results demonstrate that adolescents differentiate their happiness levels between life domains, which support the relevance of a multidimensional approach in happiness studies. This study provides additional insight over single-dimensional studies of happiness and a more comprehensive explanation of previously published findings.

Religious Attendance and Subjective Well-Being in an Eastern-Culture Country: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan

This paper investigates the relationship between religious attendance and subjective well-being in an Eastern-culture country. The findings of this study indicate that religious attendance has positive relationships with happiness as well as domain satisfactions with interpersonal relationship, health, and marital life, but it is not significantly related to the satisfaction with personal financial status. Interestingly, for believers of Eastern religions, those who have a higher level of relative income tend to have higher levels of satisfaction with financial status and health status, but are less satisfied with being free of worry and interpersonal relationship. Moreover, for the adherents of Eastern religions, those who have a higher educational attainment appear to report lower levels of overall happiness and the satisfaction with being free of worry. It appears that the differences in the religious practices and organizational settings between Eastern religions and Western Christianity lead to different patterns of the relationships between religious attendance and various measures of subjective well-being.

Unhappily Ever After: Effects of Long-Term, Low-Quality Marriages on Well-Being

The present study shows that long-term, low-quality marriages have significant negative effects on overall well-being. We utilize a nationally representative longitudinal study with a multi-item marital quality scale that allows us to track unhappy marriages over a 12-year period and to assess marital happiness along many dimensions. Remaining unhappily married is associated with significantly lower levels of overall happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem and overall health along with elevated levels of psychological distress compared to remaining otherwise continuously married. There is also some evidence that staying unhappily married is more detrimental than divorcing, as people in low-quality marriages are less happy than individuals who divorce and remarry. They also have lower levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and overall health than individuals who divorce and remain unmarried. Unhappily married people may have greater odds of improving their well-being by dissolving their low-quality unions as there is no evidence that they are better off in any aspect of overall well-being than those who divorce.

Effects of coresidence and caregiving on health of Thai parents of adult children with AIDS.

To explore potential effects on the health of older parents living with and caring for people infected with HIV. Comparison of health outcomes between affected parents and matched nonaffected parents, and between principal caregivers and nonprincipal caregivers in Thailand. Survey data from 394 affected households and 376 nonaffected households; qualitative data from 18 interviews of affected older parents. A large proportion of older people with HIV-infected children provided time-consuming and strenuous caregiving services to them. Mothers shouldered most of this burden. Mothers who had a child die from AIDS reported lower levels of overall happiness than did mothers who had not. Mothers and fathers of PHAs (persons with HIV/AIDS) who died reported lower levels of overall happiness compared to 3 years previously (before the time of the death of their child) and compared to parents from households that did not experience an adult child's death. Many parents of children with AIDS experienced anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, muscle strain, and head and stomach aches during the time they cared for their ill children. Many older people suffered adverse health outcomes related to living with and caring for their children with AIDS. Recommendations indicate a variety of programs that might help such older parents.

Measuring Happiness in Surveys: A Test of the Subtraction Hypothesis

Responses to an item on general happiness can change when that item follows one on marital happiness. Asking about marital happiness first sometimes reduces reported levels of overall happiness. This reduction may result from a change in the interpretation of the general happiness item. According to this hypothesis, when the general item follows the item on marital happiness, respondents take the item to ask about aspects of their lives other than their marriages-in effect, the respondents subtract their (mostly happy) marriages in answering the general item. The study reported here tests this hypothesis by asking versions of the general happiness item that correspond to the different interpretations. A version of the general item that asked about general happiness aside from your marriage yielded responses that were quite similar to those given to the standard item when it followed the item on marital happiness. Another version that asked about general happiness including your marriage elicited responses quite similar to those elicited by the standard item when it preceded the marital happiness item. However, reanalysis of the studies that originally demonstrated the impact of the order of the two happiness items casts doubt on the subtraction hypothesis and related models as explanations of the earlier findings. The literature on survey context effects suggests that earlier questions can affect answers to later ones through a number of distinct mechanisms (Schuman and Presser 1981; Smith 1982; Strack and Martin ROGER TOURANGEAU iS Vice President at CODA, Inc. KENNETH RASINSKI is a Survey Director at the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) and NORMAN BRADBURN iS NORC's Director. The authors thank Tom Smith and Howard Schuman, who carried out the reanalyses reported here. Their cooperation-and promptness-are greatly appreciated. The data collection described here was supported by a grant from the NORC

Preorgasmic group treatment.

Abstract An analysis of 17 women participating in a group treatment program for preorgasmic women showed 100 percent success in attainment of orgasm through masturbation within the five-week treatment program. Over 87 percent of the women were capable of orgasm in partner-related activities within eight months posttreatment. In addition, the women showed increased enjoyment of coitus and sexual satisfaction and reported improvement of life in general, sex, communication with their partner, and overall level of happiness and relaxation. Some attitudes toward traditional roles, interest in politics, and a number of body acceptance scale items changed significantly. Increased happiness in the relationship correlated with increased importance of sex, enjoyment of sex, and sexual responsivity.