Levels Of Organic Nutrients Research Articles

Soil metabolic disturbance drives replant disease (intraspecific negative plant–soil feedback): Insights from an experiment examining soil impacts up to 20 years after a ginseng crop

Replant diseases (RDs), intraspecificnegativeplant–soilfeedback, often stem from nutrient deficiency, allelopathy, or pathogen accumulation. However, the RDs of certain crops are long-lasting and their causes remain unknown. We examined Panax quinquefolius RD in a space-for-time soil sequence representing crop rotation restoration over 1, 10, and 20 years using multiomics and bioassays. Compared with the soils with no ginseng cultivation history, we found 110 significant potential factors related to RD, surprisingly, 53 of which remained unrestored after 20 years. Soil pH and the levels of organic nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, and alditols), allelopathic-promoting metabolites (phenolic acids, amines, pyridines, etc.), and beneficial bacteria (Sphingomonas, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Terrabacter) and fungi (Acremonium, Penicillium, and Naganishia) decreased, while the levels of allelochemicals (pyruvic and fatty acids) increased. The expression of all metabolic pathways was significantly down-regulated, with the exception of the up-regulated fatty acid-related metabolic pathways. We confirmed that decreased organic nutrient levels and increased levels of allelochemicals impaired P. quinquefolius growth. Soil metabolic factors rather than microbial factors were dominant by network analysis. In conclusion, we found that the overall changes in nutrient levels and metabolic and microbial factors contributed to short-term RD (1–10 year) persistence, whereas long-term RD (after 20 years) primarily resulted from disordered soil metabolite levels and pathways. This research will help deepen our understanding of the relationship between RD and potential changes in the factors influencing RD that are caused by soil legacy effects of valuable plants and provide theoretical guidance for effective soil quality improvement.

Performance of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) under Spacing and Nutrient Management Practices in Cauvery Command Area

An investigation was carried out at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweshwaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, spanning from September to December in both 2020 and 2021. The purpose was to analyze how varying spacing and nutrient management practices affect the yield and growth rate of chia plants. The study involved two different spacings (S) and six levels of organic nutrients (N). Employing a 2 × 6 × 3 factorial experiment design within a randomized complete block framework with three replications, the experiment was conducted over a two-year period. The spacing of 60 cm × 15 cm (S2) resulted in notably higher absolute growth rates (1.00 and 1.87 g/day, respectively at 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 DAS) and biomass duration (221.84, 893.45 and 2182.73 days, respectively at 0 – 30, 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 DAS). Conversely, for relative growth rate (1.67 and 1.19 g/g/day × 10-2, respectively at 30 – 60 DAS and 60 – 90 DAS) and leaf area ratio (2180.90, 1967.19 and 1522.35 cm2/g × 10-2, respectively at 30, 60 and 90 DAS), higher values were observed with 45 cm × 15 cm spacing (S1). Among the various organic nutrient levels, the highest absolute growth rate (1.09 and 2.01 g/day, respectively at 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 DAS) and biomass duration (259.18, 1009.48 and 2403.23 days, respectively at 0 – 30, 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 DAS) were recorded with N6, while greater relative growth rate (1.86 and 1.20 g/g/day × 10-2, respectively at 30 – 60 DAS and 60 – 90 DAS) and leaf area ratio (2616.15, 2206.54 and 1723.31 cm2/g × 10-2, respectively at 30, 60 and 90 DAS) were found with N1. The interaction between spacing and organic nutrient levels did not yield any significant differences with respect to absolute growth rate, biomass duration, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio.

Response of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to spacing and organic nutrient levels under Southern dry zone of Karnataka

Response of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to spacing and organic nutrient levels under Southern dry zone of Karnataka

Preliminary investigation and neural network modeling of palm oil mill effluent as a potential bio-stimulating organic co-substrate in hydrocarbon degradation

The extraction processes of palm oil from palm fruit bunch for industrial and domestic applications generate the palm oil mill effluent (POME) and it is considered a huge environmental challenge. The present study investigates the application of the POME as a suitable bio-stimulating organic nutrient in hydrocarbon contaminated soil (HCCS). The wet POME (WPOME) and dried POME (DPOME) were investigated in this study. The physiochemical and microbial characteristics in the HCCS showed the inadequacies of the required organic nutrients in the HCCS while its microbial population indicated well-acclimatized microorganisms. The DPOME was able to stimulate the microbial population and caused a reduction from the initial HC concentration of 4,248mg/kg to 1,600.35mg/kg while the WPOME reduced the initial HC concentration from 4,248mg/kg to 2,600.56mg/kg. The organic nutrient levels and pH in POME need to be adjusted to be within the range for optimum HC degradation and microbial activity. Data from the first-order kinetics interpretation confirmed that the DPOME was more beneficial to the HCCS as an organic nutrient. Performance evaluation of the artificial neural network (ANN) model through the root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and correlation coefficient (R²) confirmed that the DPOME with lower RMSE, MSE, and a higher R² performed better in the HC degradation process. Finally, this study showed that the nutrient present in POME could potentially stimulate microbial growth and serve as an effective organic nutrient in HCCS degradation.

Effect of organic nutrient management on growth and flowering of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L) cv GMM3

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic nutrient management on growth and flowering of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L) cv GMM 3 during summer 2017 at College of Horticulture (SDAU), Jagudan, Gujarat. Nine levels of organic nutrients were tested in the randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were evaluated on the basis of growth and flowering characteristics of muskmelon. Application of organic nutrients significantly affected growth and flowering parameters. Maximum vine length at 30 and 60 DAS, number of branches per plant, leaf area at 45 DAS, days taken to flower initiation, number of male and female flowers per plant, sex ratio and per cent fruit set were recorded with treatment 50 per cent N from FYM + 50 per cent N from poultry manure + biofertilizer [Azospirillium + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + KSM] + Trichoderma viride + neem oil.

Sources and export of nutrients associated with integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in Sanggou Bay, China

AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AEI 8:285-309 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00177 Theme Section: Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in Sanggou Bay, China Sources and export of nutrients associated with integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in Sanggou Bay, China Ruihuan Li1,5, Sumei Liu1,2,*, Jing Zhang3, Zengjie Jiang4, Jianguang Fang4 1Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, MOE, Ocean University of China/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China 2Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China 3State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China 4Carbon Sink Fisheries Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China 5Present address: State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China *Corresponding author: sumeiliu@ouc.edu.cn ABSTRACT: Field observations were made from 2012 to 2014 at an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) site in Sanggou Bay (SGB), China, to characterize the nutrients associated with aquaculture activities, and to assess the effects of aquaculture on nutrient cycles in the bay. Dissolved inorganic and organic nutrient levels were measured in rivers, groundwater, and SGB. Seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations were detected in the rivers, particularly enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and silicate (DSi). Nutrient concentrations showed considerable seasonal variation, with higher and significantly different concentrations occurring in autumn than in the other seasons. The composition and distribution of nutrients were also affected by the species being cultured. Dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus (DON and DOP) accounted for 27 to 87% of total dissolved nitrogen and 34 to 81% of total dissolved phosphorus, respectively. Phosphorus may be a potentially limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in summer. Nutrient budgets were developed based on a simple steady-state box model. These showed that bivalve aquaculture was the major source of PO43- (contributing 64% of total influx) and led to increased riverine fluxes of PO43-. The results indicated that substantial quantities of nitrogen and DSi accumulated in sediments or were transformed into other forms (e.g. phytoplankton cell composition or particles). Large quantities of DIN and PO43- were removed from the bay through harvesting of seaweeds and bivalves, which represented up to 64 and 81% of total outflux, respectively. The results show that aquaculture activities play the most important role in nutrient cycling in SGB. KEY WORDS: Nutrients · IMTA · Budgets · Aquaculture activities · Sanggou Bay Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Li R, Liu S, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Fang J (2016) Sources and export of nutrients associated with integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in Sanggou Bay, China. Aquacult Environ Interact 8:285-309. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00177 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AEI Vol. 8. Online publication date: April 19, 2016 Print ISSN: 1869-215X; Online ISSN: 1869-7534 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.

Effect of different organic nutrient levels on growth, yield and quality in cauliflower

A field experiment was conducted during two Rabi seasons at Organic Experimental Block of IIHR farm, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru to study the effect of different levels of organic manures and conventional practices on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower. The trial included five levels of organic manure nutrient and two inorganic nutrient supplies. The treatment which received recommended dose of farm yard manure along with recommended NPK produced the highest mean curd yield (21.23 t/ha) followed by the treatments, which received 100 and 75 per cent recommended dosage of nitrogen (RDN) through organics (19.36 and 18.42 t/ha). The same treatment also recorded higher values for growth and yield parameters like number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, curd diameter and curd weight. Quality parameters in terms of total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging ability, total flavonoids and vitamin C were better with integrated nutrient management as compared to chemical fertilizers only.

High Incidence of Cyanobacterial Blooms along the Coast of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea and their Effects on Human Health and Amenities

The coast of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea (GoG) comprises areas like the, Idenau beach, Mudeka/Tiko creeks, Limbe estuary and Douala Lagoon most of which are in the immediate vicinity of industrial zones, logging stations and an oil refinery. They serve as centres for recreational sailing, fin and shellfish fisheries and sinks for the disposal of wastes. The coastline of the Cameroon GoG is generally characterised by low salinity due to high rainfall and a dense river network, which supplies freshwater. The peak salinity values recorded during the dry and rainy seasons were 20 and 12 respectively. High levels of organic nutrients ranging from 825.92 to 1671.26 ppm were recorded. Various species of Phormidium, Heterocapsa, Rivularia, Trichodesmium , and Lyngbya were identified. Water management in Cameroon is threatened with extensive and persistent noxious occurrences of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) and they have had a significant impact on the utilization of aquatic resources. Blooms of Lyngbya have been incriminated in cases of severe dermatitis. Fish and shellfish consumers have also reported many acute cases of sudden abdominal cramps, headaches, vomits and diarrhoea. Recommendations are made and the need for systematic long-term research in collaboration with developed country scientists is elucidated. Keywords : GoG, HABs, HCBs, dry and rainy seasons, cyanobacteria, harmful, blooms > Tropical Freshwater Biology Vol. 15 2006: pp. 33-42

Effect of organic amendments on bacterial multiplication in lake water

In Cayuga Lake water amended with 30 micrograms of glucose or amino acids per ml, an added strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens and indigenous bacteria grew extensively, Pseudomonas sp. B4 and two rhizobia multiplied at a moderate extent, and introduced Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae multiplied but to only a slight degree. The amendments did not enhance growth of Micrococcus flavus and Arthrobacter citreus, and an asporogenous strain of Bacillus subtilis decreased in numbers. The pseudomonads, rhizobia, E. coli and K. pneumoniae multiplied extensively when inoculated into sterile lake water amended with amino acids, A. citreus grew to a slight extent, but the numbers of M. flavus and B. subtilis did not change appreciably. In nonsterile lake water amended with 30 micrograms of Trypticase soy broth per ml, the indigenous bacteria greatly increased in abundance, the pseudomonads, rhizobia, and E. coli developed to a lesser extent, the numbers of K. pneumoniae, A. citreus and M. flavus showed little increase, and B. subtilis decreased in numbers. Tests in pure culture containing 2 to 64 micrograms of Trypticase soy broth per ml demonstrated good growth of P. fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp. B4, and the rhizobia at all concentrations; an initial decline followed by growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli at low concentrations; little or no growth or decline at the low levels but multiplication at the high levels by A. citreus and B. subtilis; and decline of M. flavus. It is proposed that the apparent Ks value, mumax value, length of lag phase and resistance to stress can be used to predict behavior of bacteria in lake water receiving low levels of organic nutrients.