Light Physical Activity Levels Research Articles

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with C-reactive protein in US adults who get insufficient sleep: A threshold and isotemporal substitution effect analysis

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and chronic inflammation in short sleep adults. The study included 2,113 NHANES participants with self-reported insufficient sleep. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as the inflammatory biomarker. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were objectively measured by accelerometers. Weighted regression model, two – piecewise linear regression model, and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate associations mentioned above. An isotemporal substitution model was used to assess the modelled effects of replacing sedentary time (ST) with moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) or light physical activity (LPA). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher levels of ST and lower levels of LPA or MVPA were associated with higher CRP levels. Isotemporal substitution analysis indicated that replacing 30 minutes of ST with 30 minutes of MVPA was associated with a significant decrease in CRP levels. Saturation analysis suggested that the association between MVPA and CRP may plateau at over 20 minutes of MVPA per day. Findings of this study provides insight into the potential benefits of replacing ST with MVPA. This study also suggests that increasing MVPA beyond a certain point may not provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits in a short sleep population.

Increased Duration and Intensity of Physical Activity Are Associated With Increased Pain in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between accelerometer-measured physical activity and real-time pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We tested the hypothesis that increased duration of high intensity activity would contribute to momentary increases in pain. DesignObservational study. SettingParticipants’ natural, day-to-day environment. ParticipantsPopulation-based sample of 33 individuals with unilateral FAIS. Important eligibility criteria included no concomitant hip disorders or previous hip surgery. Key sociodemographic features include that all participants were required to have a smartphone. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresDuration and intensity of physical activity as measured by a waist-worn accelerometer, and instantaneous pain reported in real-time smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment surveys. Physical activity variables included each person's average sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the 90 minutes proceeding all pain surveys as well as fluctuation in sedentary, LPA, and MVPA above or below average prior to each individual survey. ResultsLinear mixed models revealed that the significant predictors of pain included fluctuation in sedentary time (B=-0.031, P<.001), average LPA (B=0.26, P=.035), and the interaction between fluctuation in LPA and fluctuation in MVPA (B=0.001, P<.001). Fluctuation in sedentary time above a person's average was associated with lower pain, while average LPA and fluctuations above average in both LPA and MVPA were associated with higher pain. ConclusionsThese results suggest that individuals with FAIS can engage in health-enhancing MVPA but should focus on avoiding concurrent increase above average in both high intensity and LPA in the same 90-minute period. Future work is warranted testing the efficacy of such an approach on pain. Additionally, given that high levels of LPA may arise from a host of socioeconomic factors, additional research is needed to disentangle the effect of LPA on pain in FAIS.

Do patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery modify their objectively measured physical activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with adverse outcomes and its prevalence is increasing, which makes it a concern. One of the obesity treatment options is bariatric surgery, which effectively reduces calorie absorption and total body mass, but its effects on physical activity (PA) levels need to be clarified, considering the protective effect of the PA against cardiovascular disease, independently of the weight loss alone. To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that evaluated PA in pre- and post-bariatric surgery periods through objective evaluation. A systematic search was carried out following the PRISMA criteria of studies with adult individuals who underwent bariatric surgery and were objectively evaluated for PA pre- and post-surgery. Studies with interventions were excluded. A total of 419 records were found, and after excluding duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 10 studies remained. This meta-analysis found a significant increase in the steps by day (MD = 1340; 95% CI = 933.90; 1745.35, p < 0.001) and the light physical activity level (MD = 16.8 min/day; 95% CI = 2.60; 30.98, p = 0.02), but not in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD = 0.24; 95% CI = -0.08; 1.57, p = 0.92). Patients undergoing bariatric surgery increased their steps by day and light physical activity but did not increase moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Mental health, eating habits and physical activity levels of elite Iranian athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life styles of millions of people worldwide. This study investigated changes in the health, physical activity levels and eating habits of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Iran. 383 (248 female and 135 male) elite athletes (168.82 ± 0.07 cm; 63.92 ± 7.42 kg; the body mass index (BMI): 22.3 ± 0.78 kg/m2) participated in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) study tools were used to measure levels of physical activity and mental health status, respectively. The Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) was used to assess food consumption related to emotion. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis test were used in data analysis. Levels of depression and stress were mild and moderate, while levels of anxiety were severe and very severe in most elite athletes. There were levels of low emotional eating by elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical activity levels were negatively correlated with psychological mood measures (p≤0.05), while there were positive correlations between emotional eating behaviours and psychological mood measures (moderate correlation; p≤0.01) and light physical activity levels (weak correlation; p≤0.05). This study provides the first preliminary evidence showing that the COVID-19 lockdown conditions negatively influenced the eating habits and levels of physical activity and mental health in elite athletes. Regular high intensity physical activity as health strategy in elite athletes and the general population remains a strategy to improve overall health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, these findings suggest the need to devise strategies to improve the life styles of elite athletes during pandemics such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Relationships among Inflammatory Biomarkers and Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Sleep during and after Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies.

Little is known regarding associations between inflammatory biomarkers and objectively measured physical activity and sleep during and after chemotherapy for gynecologic cancer; thus, we conducted a longitudinal study to address this gap. Women with gynecologic cancer (patients) and non-cancer controls (controls) completed assessments before chemotherapy cycles 1, 3, and 6 (controls assessed contemporaneously), as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Physical activity and sleep were measured using wrist-worn actigraphs and sleep diaries, and blood was drawn to quantify circulating levels of inflammatory markers. Linear and quadratic random-effects mixed models and random-effects fluctuation mixed models were used to examine physical activity and sleep over time, as well as the associations with inflammatory biomarkers. On average, patients (n = 97) and controls (n = 104) were 62 and 58 years old, respectively. Compared to controls, patients were less active, more sedentary, had more time awake after sleep onset, and had lower sleep efficiency (p-values < 0.05). Across groups, higher levels of TNF-α were associated with more sedentary time and less efficient sleep (p-values ≤ 0.05). Higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were associated with lower levels of light physical activity (p-values < 0.05). Associations between inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, and sleep did not differ between patients and controls. Given these results, we speculate that inflammation may contribute to less physical activity and more sleep problems that persist even 12 months after completing chemotherapy.

The Relationship between Physical Activity and The Level of Physical Fitness of Pencak Silat Athletes

This study analyzed the relationship between macronutrient intake, hydration status, physical activity, and the physical fitness level of Pencak silat athletes in Banjarbaru. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design involving 30 pencak silat athletes selected using a total sampling technique. The research instruments included questionnaires, 24-hour food recall forms, a self-urine examination (PURI), a physical activity questionnaire, and a 12-minute running test. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The results of this study indicated that most athletes had protein, fat, and carbohydrate deficiencies, moderate hydration status, and very light physical activity levels. It can be concluded that macronutrient intake, namely protein (p=0.264), fat (p=0.643), carbohydrates (p=0.101), and hydration status (p=0.264), had no association with the physical fitness levels of pencak silat athletes, while physical activity (p =0.010) had an association with the physical fitness level of Pencak silat athletes. Athletes are recommended to continue to pay attention to macronutrient intake and hydration status as needed because they also play an essential role in fitness apart from physical activity.

#3388 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND BONE METABOLISM MARKERS IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A PRELIMINARY CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffering from end-stage renal disease often undergo dialysis treatment. Haemodialysis (HD) patients spend most of their time in sedentary behaviour, having therefore poor physical function, as well as frequently develop mineral and bone disorders due to disease-induced systemic alterations such as abnormally high bone resorption rates exceeding bone formation. In healthy individuals, there is considerable evidence highlighting the associations between physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and bone health. In HD patients, however, evidence on the association between these variables is still scarce. Therefore, the present preliminary study seeks to characterise HD patients in terms of their PA and PF, and to identify any associations between these and markers of bone metabolism. Method A cross-sectional design study recruited 88 adult HD patients (males: 68%, age: 66±14 years, dialysis vintage: 42±52 months) from three clinics in Portugal. Resting blood samples were collected from the patients’ fistula at the start of the second dialysis session of the week. Plasma levels of the bone markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) (IDS, Tyne and Wear, UK), and sclerostin (SOST) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) (Biomedica Immunoassays, Vienna, Austria) were measured by commercially-available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and osteocalcin (OCN) (Biogen, Madrid, Spain) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (R&amp;D Systems, Abingdon, UK) via DuoSet ELISA kits. PF was assessed by completing the Sit to Stand 60 (STS60), the STS5, the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), the Timed Up and Go (TUG), and handgrip strength (HGS). All participants worn tri-axial accelerometers continuously for a week to estimate PA levels. Results Accelerometers were worn for an average 13±2h/day and data showed that 81±11% of the time was spent in sedentary behaviour, and 18±10% in light PA. Associations between PA, PF and markers of bone metabolism are described in Table 1. Weekly sedentary time was associated with reduced agility (TUG), muscle endurance (STS60, ISWT), and muscle power and strength (STS5), whereas light PA levels were associated with an increment in overall PF. Also, light PA levels were associated with decreased TRAP-5b and OPG, but elevated circulating OCN, supporting a potential modulatory effect of PA on bone turnover. Decreased overall PF were associated with increased concentrations of OPG, with muscle endurance and strength associated with increased circulating TRAP-5b. Conclusion Our data suggests that sedentarism may be responsible for a reduced PF, which in turn was associated with increased inhibition of osteoclastogenesis via OPG activity. Yet, a rather small increase in PA levels may lead to PF gains and could be a trigger for OCN activity and TRAP-5b inhibition. Therefore, increasing PA levels may modulate bone metabolism through mechanisms that favor bone formation.

Abnormal thalamic functional connectivity correlates with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Altered thalamic volumes and resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) might be associated with physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). To assess thalamic structural and functional alterations and investigate their correlations with PA/CRF levels in people with PMS. Seven-day accelerometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were used to assess PA/CRF levels in 91 persons with PMS. They underwent 3.0T structural and RS fMRI acquisition with 37 age/sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Between-group comparisons of MRI measures and their correlations with PA/CRF variables were assessed. PMS people had lower volumes compared to HC (all p < 0.001). At corrected threshold, PMS showed decreased intra- and inter-thalamic RS FC, and increased RS FC between the thalamus and the hippocampus, bilaterally. At uncorrected threshold, decreased thalamic RS FC with caudate nucleus, cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as increased thalamic RS FC with occipital regions, were also detected. Lower CRF, measured as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), correlated with lower white matter volume (r = 0.31, p = 0.03). Moreover, lower levels of light PA correlated with increased thalamic RS FC with the right hippocampus (r = -0.3, p = 0.05). People with PMS showed widespread brain atrophy, as well as pronounced intra-thalamic and thalamo-hippocampal RS FC abnormalities. White matter atrophy correlated with CRF, while increased thalamo-hippocampal RS FC was associated to worse PA levels. Thalamic RS FC might be used to monitor physical impairment and efficacy of rehabilitative and disease-modifying treatments in future studies.

How Teacher Verbal Prompting and Demonstrated Modeling Correlate to Preschooler's Physical Activity Levels.

Teacher-led strategies targeting verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling can increase preschoolers' physical activity levels; however, it is unknown which strategy promotes higher levels. The purpose of this study was to explore whether teacher verbal prompting or demonstrated modeling elicits higher levels of physical activity among preschoolers. Participants included 117 (56 females and 61 males; mean = 3.77y) preschoolers who were observed for 3days during regular preschool instructions. The System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions observation system assessed verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling of the teachers, and preschoolers wore an ActiGraph accelerometer to measure physical activity. The multivariate analysis of variance results showed a significant difference for verbal prompting (P < .001), demonstrated modeling (P = .032), light physical activity (P < .001), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; P < .001) between segments of the preschool day. A stepwise linear regression showed that preschooler's MVPA (P = .005) and light physical activity and MVPA (P = .036) were significantly related to demonstrated modeling, but not verbal prompting. During indoor time, light physical activity and MVPA were highest during large group, work time, and morning group, where teacher demonstrated modeling occurred the most. Teacher demonstrated modeling had a significant relationship to preschoolers' MVPA and light physical activity levels, while teacher verbal prompting did not.

The Correlation Between Role Of Family On Elderly’s Physical Activity and Mental Health In The COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused various changes in all aspects of life in various age groups, especially in the elderly group. In addition, the elderly are included in the group at risk of being affected by COVID-19 because when someone got into old age, various changes in conditions can be occur. As a solution to this problem, the role of the family is needed in providing care for the elderly, both care for physical activity and mental health. This aims to keep the elderly both physically and mentally healthy during the pandemic. Objectives: The sample used in this study is the elderlys family who are members of BKKBN Surabaya City. This study aims to determine the relationship between the role of family on the physical activity and mental health of elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods: This research uses a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. The total sample in this study is 113 respondents who were determined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dependent variable in this study is the role of the family, while the independent variables are the physical activity and the mental health of the elderly during COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the results of this study using the Chi Square test. Results: The results obtained there is no relationship between the role of the family to the physical activity of elderly (P value = 0.176) and there is a relationship between the mental health of the elderly (P value = 0.001). Conclusion: The role of the family of Bina Keluarga Lansia (BKL) Surabaya to the elderly was in the good category. Most of the elderly had light levels of physical activity and had good mental health state during COVDI-19 pandemic era.

Gambaran Aktivitas Fisik Remaja Selama Pembelajaran Daring di SMK Kesehatan Citra Medika Sukoharjo

Physical activity is a body movement produced by muscles that requires energy expenditure, including activities performed while playing, working, engaging in recreational activities, and doing household chores. Adolescence is a period of self-transition from children to adults in the age range of 10-19 years and is a period of growth and development that is quite meaningful physically, biologically, psychologically, and intellectually. The change in the learning system to online during the pandemic caused a decrease in activity. Objective: To identify the characteristics of physical activity and the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning at Citra Medika Health Vocational School Sukoharjo. This type of research is descriptive retrospective with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all students of class X and XI SMK Kesehatan Citra Medika Sukoharjo. Data collection techniques using the Physical Activity Questioner-Addolenst (PAQ-A) questionnaire. sample selection using Stratified Random Sampling technique. The results of the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning at Citra Medika Health Vocational School Sukoharjo had a light physical activity level of 176 students (93.1%) and a moderate activity level of 13 students (6.9%). Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning was light.

Living with Overweight, Rather than a History of Gestational Diabetes, Influences Dietary Quality and Physical Activity during Pregnancy.

(1) Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend dietary and physical activity counselling for pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which a history of GDM and living with overweight before pregnancy modify dietary quality and physical activity during pregnancy. (2) Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study of 1034 pregnant women from different parts of Finland. The data were collected through electronic questionnaires. Dietary quality and physical activity were measured with stand-alone indices and compared according to the history of GDM and overweight status based on body mass index (BMI) category. (3) Results: Overall, 53% of the women had a poor dietary quality (Index of Diet Quality (IDQ) score < 10) and 45% a light physical activity level. The IDQ score or physical activity levels did not differ between women with and without a history of GDM. Instead, in women with overweight/obesity both the IDQ score and physical activity levels were lower compared to their normal-weight counterparts (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Pregnant women, particularly if living with overweight, commonly have a poor dietary quality and a light level of physical activity. A history of GDM is not reflected in the lifestyle habits, despite the assumption that they have received lifestyle counselling during a previous pregnancy. Pregnant women would benefit from new means to promote healthy lifestyle changes.

Role of Spanish Toddlers' Education and Care Institutions in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To our knowledge, there are no published studies that describe the physical activity (PA) levels and objectively measure them through accelerometry in toddlers (2–3 years old) attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) to analyse toddlers’ PA levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) during school hours in ECEC institutions, as well as the rate of adherence to specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA); and (b) to evaluate the characteristics correlates (age, gender, and body mass index –BMI) of young children and the school environment on toddlers’ TPA, light PA (LPA), MVPA, and SB during school hours in ECEC institutions. PA was evaluated with ActiGraph accelerometers. The main findings were that: (a) toddlers engaged in very high amounts of TPA and MVPA during ECEC hours; (b) girls and boys displayed similar levels of LPA, TPA, and SB, while girls had lower levels of MVPA, compared to boys, and younger toddlers were less active than older ones; (c) BMI was not associated with PA of any intensity or SB; (d) playground and classroom density were not associated with higher levels of PA of any intensity, though classroom density was associated with SB. These ECEC institutions provide and challenge the new COVID-19 scenario, as well as supportive environments for toddlers’ PA.

High School Students’ Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior by Motivational Profiles Toward Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Purpose: Based on a Self-Determination Theory with a person-centered approach, the purposes were: (1) to identify motivational profiles toward physical activity (PA) among high school students, and (2) to compare students’ accelerometer-measured PA and sedentary behavior (SB) levels between the motivational profiles toward PA. Methods: The present study followed a cross-sectional design. A total of 394 high school students (173 females; final sample = 360 and 198 for the purposes 1 and 2, respectively) aged 12–16 years completed the study. Participants’ PA and SB levels were objectively measured by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (right hip) during seven consecutive days. Later, motivation toward PA was measured by the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Results: Based on a two-stage cluster analysis approach, the results identified three clusters: (1) “Self-determined motivational profile toward PA” (65.3%); (2) “Non-self-determined motivational profile toward PA” (23.9%), and (3) “Controlled motivational profile toward PA” (10.8%). The results of the chi-square test showed that a statistically significantly higher percentage of males were represented in cluster 1 (p < .001). The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed that students from cluster 1 had statistically significantly lower levels of SB, and higher levels of light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA than those from cluster 2 (p < .05; |d| = 0.40–0.61). Conclusions: In line with the Self-Determination Theory, the students within the self-determined motivational profile had lower SB and higher PA. This preliminary evidence could inform and guide future policy regarding students’ PA promotion.

Motivational coaching augmentation of exercise intervention for early psychotic disorders: A randomised controlled trial

Exercise offers improvement to physical and mental health symptoms as well and cognitive function in patients with psychosis. However, patients with psychosis are often less ready to benefit from exercise intervention because of the difficulties in motivation. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of adjunctive motivational coaching on exercise intervention in women with psychosis in Hong Kong. From a community mental health programme for women, patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (within 5 years of first onset) were randomly allocated to receive 12 30-minute sessions of motivational coaching or psychoeducation in a group format. Both groups additionally received exercise intervention sessions consisting of yoga, stretching and high-intensity interval training. Primary outcome was the total physical activity level measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Fifty-seven patients (mean [SD] age, 34.47 [12.44] years) were randomised into motivational coaching (n = 30) or psychoeducation (n = 27) treatment groups. The motivational coaching group had a significantly higher total physical activity level (4601.67 [686.59] vs 2524.82 [723.73] metabolic equivalent task-min/week, r2 = 0.473, p = 0.04) after the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention. Moderate and light physical activity levels were significantly higher in the motivational coaching group after intervention and at 6 months, respectively. Additionally, symptoms of bizarre behaviour were improved in the motivational coaching group at 6 months. Younger, unemployed, unmarried and those with longer durations of untreated psychosis generally showed larger improvements in the motivational coaching group. Motivational coaching may augment the effects of exercise interventions, as reflected by higher physical activity participation. Motivational coaching augmentation has the potential to further improve exercise intervention outcomes.

Body Image Quality of Life Related to Light Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among Young Adults with Overweight/Obesity.

Sedentary behaviors, low levels of physical activity (PA), and low body image quality of life have been identified during college years and associated with poor health outcomes. Public health efforts have recently focused on decreasing sedentary time by increasing light physical activity, both of which have been associated with body image quality of life, though mainly through self-report. In this cross-sectional study, we examined objective actigraphy and survey data from 404 of 459 young adults with overweight and obesity (mean age 23.3 ± 4.4 years, 78.4% female, 55.4% white). PA was measured using an accelerometer worn during waking hours for >10 h/day for four days. Body image quality of life was assessed using the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory Scale. Body image was positively correlated with light PA (r = 0.15) and inversely correlated with BMI (Pearson’s r = −0.20) and sedentary time (r = −0.10), but not moderate PA, vigorous PA, or MVPA. Light PA and sedentary time were significantly inversely correlated (r = −0.38). When controlling for covariates, higher body image quality of life was significantly associated with higher levels of light PA (β = 0.39; p < 0.01) and lower sedentary time (β = −0.39; p = 0.02). Participants with lower body image quality of life enrolled in weight loss interventions may benefit from prescriptions of light PA in conjunction with decreasing sedentary behaviors.

Depressive symptoms postpartum is associated with physical activity level the year prior to giving birth – A retrospective observational study

ObjectivesTo examine physical activity level prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum and investigate the association with depressive symptoms postpartum among women in Sweden.Study design: Retrospective observational study including 532 women on self-assessment of physical activity level before pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum, depressive symptoms postpartum as well as stressful life events in the past two years.Main outcome measures: Level and change of physical activity before pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum and depressive symptoms postpartum. ResultsAlmost two-thirds of the women in the study reported that they were inactive or performed light physical activity (62.9%; n = 331) in the year prior to giving birth. Women with a sedentary lifestyle or performing light physical activity level reported depressive symptoms postpartum to a greater extent than active women. ConclusionsA higher level of physical activity during pregnancy was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms postpartum. Physical activity is a contributing factor to promote a healthier lifestyle and can contribute to improve mental health for pregnant women, newly become mothers and their children.

Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and left ventricular structure and function from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)

ObjectiveThe cross-sectional association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiac structure and function is less well described. This study’s primary aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of...

The Structure of Relationships between the Human Exposome and Cardiometabolic Health: The Million Veteran Program.

The exposome represents the array of dietary, lifestyle, and demographic factors to which an individual is exposed. Individual components of the exposome, or groups of components, are recognized as influencing many aspects of human physiology, including cardiometabolic health. However, the influence of the whole exposome on health outcomes is poorly understood and may differ substantially from the sum of its individual components. As such, studies of the complete exposome are more biologically representative than fragmented models based on subsets of factors. This study aimed to model the system of relationships underlying the way in which the diet, lifestyle, and demographic components of the overall exposome shapes the cardiometabolic risk profile. The current study included 36,496 US Veterans enrolled in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) who had complete assessments of their diet, lifestyle, demography, and markers of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic control. The cohort was randomly divided into training and validation datasets. In the training dataset, we conducted two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to identify common factors among exposures (diet, demographics, and physical activity) and laboratory measures (lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic control), respectively. In the validation dataset, we used multiple normal regression to examine the combined effects of exposure factors on the clinical factors representing cardiometabolic health. The mean ± SD age of participants was 62.4 ± 13.4 years for both the training and validation datasets. The EFA revealed 19 Exposure Common Factors and 5 Physiology Common Factors that explained the observed (measured) data. Multivariate regression in the validation dataset revealed the structure of associations between the Exposure Common Factors and the Physiology Common Factors. For example, we found that the factor for fruit consumption was inversely associated with the factor summarizing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC, p = 0.008), and the latent construct describing light levels of physical activity was inversely associated with the blood pressure latent construct (p < 0.0001). We also found that a factor summarizing that participants who frequently consume whole milk are less likely to frequently consume skim milk, was positively associated with the latent constructs representing total cholesterol and LDLC as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0006 and <0.0001, respectively). Multiple multivariable-adjusted regression analyses of exposome factors allowed us to model the influence of the exposome as a whole. In this metadata-rich, prospective cohort of US Veterans, there was evidence of structural relationships between diet, lifestyle, and demographic exposures and subsequent markers of cardiometabolic health. This methodology could be applied to answer a variety of research questions about human health exposures that utilize electronic health record data and can accommodate continuous, ordinal, and binary data derived from questionnaires. Further work to explore the potential utility of including genetic risk scores and time-varying covariates is warranted.

Correlations of Subjective and Social Well-Being With Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Older Adults-A Population-Based Study.

BackgroundSubjective and social well-being, avoiding sedentary behavior (SB), and engaging in physical activity (PA) are important factors for health in older adults, but the extent to which they are related to each other remains unclear. We aimed to investigate these correlations, and whether they differ by age.MethodA cross-sectional study was carried out in 595 people aged 66 years and older, from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Subjective and social well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, social connections, social support, and social participation) were assessed through validated questionnaires and activPAL3 accelerometers provided information on SB and PA. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted quantile regression models.ResultsHigher positive affect was significantly associated with less daily sitting time (β = −27.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −47.77, −6.39) and higher levels of light PA (LPA) (β = 40.67, 95% CI: 21.06, 60.28). Higher levels of social support and social participation were associated with less daily sitting time (β = −22.79, 95% CI: −39.97, −5.62; and β = −21.22, 95% CI: −39.99, −2.44) and more time in LPA (β = 23.86, 95% CI: 4.91, 42.81; and β = 25.37, 95% CI: 6.27, 44.47). Stratified analyses suggested that the associations of positive affect and social participation were strongest for individuals aged 80 years and older.ConclusionsOur results suggest that older adults with higher levels of subjective and social well-being spend less time sitting and engage more in PA. This was especially evident among the oldest-old individuals. Future research should longitudinally investigate the directionality of these correlations.