Level Of Interpersonal Communication Research Articles

Were Relationships in the Workplace Changed? An Exploration of the Impacts of the Mandatory Work from Home Policy on Small and Medium-Sized Family Businesses in Switzerland

Small- and medium-sized family business competitiveness is built largely upon trusted relationships between owners, management, and employees. This paper questions whether the quality of such relationships were changed by the work from home policy (WFH) utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 This research analyses how mandatory WFH impacted interpersonal relationships between employees and supervisors in small and medium-sized family businesses (SMFB) by applying leader-member exchange theory (LMX). Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with owners or the executive management of Swiss SMFB. The study concludes that WFH affects the quality of the relationship between leaders and their employees. WFH is beneficial for the family business and its special relationships as long as all parties can count on well-established, trusted relationships and motivated and open-minded leaders who are capable of keeping the level of interpersonal communication with their employees well balanced. Where employees are struggling with WFH tasks while perceiving a denaturation of the leader-employee relationship a “call back to office” should be considered and indicates that effort is needed to improve the interpersonal relationship. A decent level of mutual trust between the parties helps firms to go through or overcome the down sides and turbulences under WFH and supports maintaining and enhancing leader-follower relationships during challenging times.

Hubungan Keterampilam Komunikasi Interpersonal dengan Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri

One aspect of improving communication is self-confidence and relationships between individuals. This research aims to determine the relationship between interpersonal communication and self-confidence in students at SMP Negeri 17 Palembang. This research is a quantitative correlational research with a research population of 272 and a research sample of 72 which was determined using a simple random sampling technique using the Slovin formula. The data collection technique in this research uses a psychological scale. The data collection method in this research is an interpersonal communication scale and a self-confidence scale obtained through direct distribution of instruments. Data analysis in this research used Pearson Product Moment. The results of data analysis show that the level of interpersonal communication is in the medium category with a percentage of 34% (25 students) and the level of self-confidence is in the low category with a percentage of 32% (23 students). Then the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.792 and sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 or > 0.05, which means there is a significant positive relationship between interpersonal communication and self-confidence. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between interpersonal communication and students' self-confidence at SMP Negeri 17 Palembang.

ЛІНГВОПРАГМАТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ МАНІПУЛЯТИВНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ У МОВЛЕННІ ПЕРСОНАЖІІВ А.МАНДЗОНІ «ЗАРУЧЕНІ»

In the modern world, manipulation is a completely universal phenomenon. It can be found in all socially significant spheres of human activity. When studying manipulative strategies, it is impossible not to pay attention to the variety of their types and the goals through which manipulators resort to these actions. A set of manipulative techniques organized in a certain way, used for the purpose of exerting hidden influence, aimed at achieving a desired effect or preventing an undesirable result, is presented on examples taken from the historical novel by A. Manzoni "The Betrothed", in particular on the examples of the characters Gertrude, Don Abbondio, Lucia and Renzo. Manipulative strategies are widely used at the level of interpersonal communication. The variety of interpersonal manipulations is analyzed. Regularities between manipulative strategy and stylistic features have been established. In particular, to express the strategy of gaslighting, which is based on contradiction, the author uses affective words, asyndeton, tactics of exaggeration, repetition, and the imperative; to express projection, which consists in transferring one's responsibility to another person – metaphorical comparisons, antitheses; for the strategy of meaningless conversations, based on monologues that lead to confusion – incomplete sentences, repetitions, asyndeton; for generalization and denigration characterized by vague and abstract statements – incomplete sentences and affective words; to express the strategy of constant disappointment, which is based on the constant disappointment of the manipulator with his victim – asyndeton, exclamations, syntactic parallelism and repetitions. The perlocutionary effect, which is similar in each strategy, was studied. With his non-verbal behavior, the victim tries to convey discomfort and fear: trembling, lowered gaze, and therefore fear to look his manipulator in the eyes, silent submission. At the verbal level, this is manifested by repetitions, incomplete sentences, exclamations, exaggerations and affective words.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH COMPUTER ADDICTION

Online communication often attracts teenagers due to its anonymity and the ability to openly express their points of view. A signifi cant advantage is real-time communication. However, there is also a drawback of developing teenagers’ addiction to computers. The dissatisfaction of teenagers with business and personal relationships, the discrepancy between the importance of communication spheres and the peculiarities of a teenager’s age are among the most serious factors determining the emergence of socially dangerous communication of teenagers on the Internet and leading to deviations in the behavior of children. The purpose is to study the features of interpersonal relationships of adolescents with computer addiction. To conduct the study, we used the analysis and generalization of scientifi c literature and psychodiagnostic methods as the scale of Internet addiction, Zhichkina A.E. (into groups); the questionnaire “Perception of the Internet”, Shchepilina E.A.; the method of diagnosing interpersonal relationships, T. Leary (adaptation by L.N. Sobchik). To establish the reliability of the differences and identify the relationships, the data were processed using descriptive statistics methods. The subjects were  teenagers, aged from  to  years. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of interpersonal communication among adolescents tends to decline with increasing dependence on the Internet, there are also features of self-acceptance and dependence on the opinions of others. It was also found that teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more willing to take responsibility in decision- making than teenagers who spend a moderate amount of time online. Teenagers with Internet addiction have diffi culties in adapting, communicating with their peers, because they are often withdrawn and shy, they are not interested in engaging in social activities and do not want to make friends. They also have signs of aggression that turn into antisocial behavior.

Intercultural Communication and Values-Based Orientations of Youth: Social Mobility and Problems of Self-Realisation

The ability to interact at the level of interpersonal communication allows to say that young people not only perceive society as an environment for their self-realisation, but also use it to gain new experience, that can determine the development of an individual. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that each act of communication must be implemented for the purposes of development under certain conditions that affect not only the communication environment itself, but also other forms of interaction at the level of the individual, communality or community. The novelty of the subject matter is determined by the fact that the formation of intercultural communication is possible only if programs of social mobility and, accordingly, cultural exchange are implemented. The authors show that such progress is most likely to be achieved in the external environment, which is determined by the presence of external influences. The authors of the paper primarily refer to this effect as the environment of an educational institution. The leading research method is a sociological survey and the method of analysis, which make it possible to comprehensively consider the value priorities and preferences that are characteristic of modern student youth. The practical significance of the study is determined by structuring and factor analysis, which allows to distribute the cultural layer into various social groups and ensure youth intercultural exchange both in the context of local student communication and in the context of an increase in the level of academic mobility.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on Interpersonal Relationships between Couples with Depression

Background and Objective: Depression is a multifactorial psychological disorder that is caused by various factors, such as personality, cognition, or interpersonal relationships. In people with depression, the level of interpersonal communication is highly low. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on interpersonal communication between couples with depression. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples with depression referring to clinics in District 1 of Mashhad, Iran, among whom, 45 samples were included in the study using inclusion criteria and a purposive random sampling method. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the groups of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy, and the control group (n=15 pairs each). The first intervention group participated in six 90-120-minute sessions per week for the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy training program and the second intervention group took part in eight -120-minute sessions weekly for the Compassion-Focused Therapy training program. No intervention was performed for the control group. The tool employed to collect the required data was Matson's Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters. The research data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using analysis of covariance, Lamtrix post hoc test, Scheffe post hoc test, and analysis of variance. The significance level was analyzed as α = 0.05. Results: Descriptive findings showed that the mean scores of the variable interpersonal relationships in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages were obtained respectively at 44.32±4.68, 45.51±4.50, and 42.32±4.12 for the control group; 45.53±4.77, 59.32±5.93, and 67.18±6.75 for the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy group; and 43.19±4.62, 63.74±6.04, and 73.22±7.39 for the Compassion-Focused Therapy group. The results of comparing the groups showed that Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy had significant effects on the interpersonal relationships between couples with depression (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on the interpersonal communications between couples with depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that short-term Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy were effective on the interpersonal relationships of couples with depression. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that family counselors and couple therapists use the methods and practices of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy to improve the level of interpersonal relationships between depressed couples.

Православие и церковь в повседневной жизни российских дипломатов в США конца XIX – начала XX в.

The article, based on documents from Russian and American archives, explores the role of Orthodoxy in the value system of Russian diplomats, their participation in church life and relationships with the clergy. The article reveals the role of Orthodoxy and the Church in the daily life of diplomats of the Russian Empire who worked in the United States in 1867–1917, when the interaction of Russian diplomacy and the Aleutian-Alaska (North American) Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church reached its heyday. It is shown that the entire daily life of diplomats in America was built according to the church calendar with its series of religious holidays, fasts and other church events. It is concluded that, despite the divergence of corporate cultures of these institutions of spiritual and secular power of the Russian Empire, as well as the great differences in the lifestyle of diplomats and clergy, they were united by a common religious and state identity and a common mission – the promotion of Russian influence in the United States. In the conditions of being in an alien environment, Orthodoxy for diplomats became the most important part of Russian self-identification. At the same time, much depended on the individual characteristics of the representatives of the diplomatic corps: social origin, the degree of their religiosity and other features of the worldview. Concrete examples reveal the main types of participation of diplomats in the life of the diocese – from formal to zealously pious. The level of interpersonal communication between representatives of the clergy and the Russian diplomatic colony in the United States is also considered.

Emotional intelligence and its impacts on the clinical performance of nurses in general public hospitals

Abstract Objectives The nursing profession is considered to be at a high risk of workplace stress, workload, and burnout due to the high job demands. The nurses require the appropriate and prompt coping mechanisms to relieve the effects of stress. The nurses have to be emotionally intelligent to overcome the work-related stress to meet the clinical-based duties. But there is a paucity of the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on the clinical performance of nurses in the literature. Therefore, the role of dimensions of EI in the improvement of clinical performance of nurses was explored in this study. Methods A total of 194 nurses with different education levels and experiences were included from various clinical departments and shifts of public hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan. Results The mean age of the nurses was 29.44 years, with ages ranging from 23 years to 36 years. The nurses were men (56.70%), married (53.10%), non-smokers (86.10%), physically active (55.70%), and irregular physically active (63.90%). Nurses were able to appraise their own emotions but not the emotions of other nurses. They regulated their own emotions but were weak in regulating the emotions of other nurses. They did not utilize emotions in coming up with new ideas and facing obstacles in clinical settings. Generally, the nurses reported that a little clinical performance is required in medical settings. The levels of interpersonal communication and problem solving were improved with an increasing appraisal and regulating own emotions. The level of problem solving was improved with appraising own emotions and utilizing emotions in facing obstacles. Conclusions Nurses need to know how to regulate others’ emotions and utilize these emotions in coming up with new ideas and facing the obstacles positively in medical settings.

The Interpersonal Communication Strategy between Doctors and Patients

Communication was a social process in which people used symbols to create and interpret meanings in their environment. The ability to communicate between doctors and patients determined the success of solving a patient's health problems. This study discussed what kind of interpersonal communication that the doctors used on multicultural patients at Mitra Sejati Hospital in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The methods used in this study were qualitative methods by using ethnography study. According to the study results, it was found that the multicultural communication process of doctors and patients initially proceeded in the form of verbal and non-verbal communication. Second, the barriers that occur in intercultural communication were language, perception, and cultural barriers. Third, the doctors used some techniques to make a successful communication, such as recognizing and naming the patient, greeting the patient, shaking hands or touching the patient, explaining the medical action taken, understanding the patient's condition through communication, and giving an opportunity to explain their conditions, gave a silent for a moment, and asked appropriate questions at the level of interpersonal communication with the patient.

Interpersonal Communication to Teenagers in Purwokerto, Indonesia

Interpersonal communication is communication made by two or more people that produces a response both verbally and nonverbally. This study aims to describe the interpersonal communication possessed by adolescents in Purwokerto. The participants in this study were active teenagers from one of the private junior high schools in Purwokerto (n = 47). The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection using the Interpersonal Communication scale and measured using aspects of interpersonal communication Devito (2013), namely: openness, Empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, and equality. From the results of the research they have conducted. This shows the level of interpersonal communication in students, with the result that 24 students or 51.7% of students in Purwokerto have difficulty or difficulty in communicating. In comparison, 23 students, or 48.3% of students in Purwokerto, have no problem communicating interpersonally. Based on these results, it is expected that educational institutions can explore and provide more stimulus to improve interpersonal communication to students.

The Global Trust Deficit Disorder: A Communications Perspective on Trust in the Time of Global Pandemics

There has been much discussion worldwide about the crisis of trust, with evidence of declining trust in social, economic, political and media institutions. The rise of populism, and the differing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic between nations, has been drawing attention to wider implications of pervasive distrust, including distrust of the media. In this article, I develop three propositions. First, I identify trust studies as a rich interdisciplinary field, linking communication to other branches of the social sciences and humanities. Second, I argue that we lack a comprehensive account of how trust has been understood in communication, and that doing so requires integrating macro-societal approaches with the “meso” level of institutions, and the “micro” level of interpersonal communication. Third, I propose that a focus upon trust would open up new perspectives on two important topics—the future of news media and journalism, and the global rise of populism.

Development of reflexion skills while studying language disciplines at a technical university

The purpose of the study is to explore the opportunities that the study of language disciplines provides in the development of reflection skills. The article deals with the problem of the development of reflexive skills of students of technical specialties at the initial stage of training. Scientific novelty lies in the presentation of the characteristics of the learning process that affect the manifestation of reflection: awareness and independence; inclusion in joint activities not only at the level of interpersonal communication, but also at the level of the organization of the cognitive process; the need to change the position of the student and teacher. As a result, it is concluded that the development of reflexive skills at the initial stage of study at a university forms the qualities necessary for further study and professional activity.

Od znaczenia do konceptu: pragmatyczno-kulturowe aspekty specyfikacji semantycznej.

The author discusses theoretical issues of functional semantics, especially such directions of the contemporary anthropological linguistics as ethnosemantics and cognitive semantics. The diversification of the content of a lexical meaning under the influence of external, mainly pragmatic and cultural, factors is the primary object of interest here. Therefore, the author considers the degree of semantic specification of lexical units at various levels of interpersonal communication: both general and subcultural. As assumed by the contemporary cultural linguistics, a concept is considered to be a category of representation of knowledge encoded in language signs. The author gives arguments in favour of the view that the opposition of the (lexical, general) meaning and concept is gradual and concerns the scope of semantic information encoded in the sign in accordance with adaptive requirements.

Prospective bride interpersonal communication Judging from the Gender: Are there any differences?

Based on the existing phenomena, there are still many brides who have not been able to establish good interpersonal communication. If the condition is ignored, it will have an impact on divorce. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach . The population of the study was the candidate pair of pengatin in Padang City with a total sample of 43 pairs . The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling with data collection tools used in the form of Interpersonal Communication Scale (SKI) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and for analysis of interpersonal communication differences based on gender brides do different test method t-test using SPSS version 22. The findings of the study revealed that interpersonal communication is in the category bride lace h with the achievements of the percentage of 44.0% , interpersonal communication on the verbal aspect is in the medium category with 45.3% percentage achievements, interpersonal communication on the nonverbal aspect is in the low category with a percentage of 37.2%. Meanwhile, the level of interpersonal communication of the bride and groom if calculated on average, men are lower than women, with 54.46 achievements and 55.81 women. However, statistically there is no significant difference between the bride and groom's interpersonal communication skills with the bride , in other words there is no significant difference in the bride's interpersonal communication skills in terms of gender . The findings of this research can then be an important need study to create interpersonal communication modules in the family for the bride and groom, so that the bride and groom understand good communication within the family and then be able to apply it.

KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI MAHASISWA STIKOM MUHAMMADIYAH JAYAPURA ANTARA YANG MENGAKSES TWITTER DAN FACEBOOK (STUDI KOMPARASI)

This research was conducted to analyze the differences in interpersonal communication skills among college students of STIKOM Muhammadiyah Jayapura between those who access Twitter and Facebook. The type of this research is quantitative research with a positivistic approach. This study uses an explanatory survey method and is a comparative study.The author uses Joseph A. Devito’s thoughts about the effectiveness of interpersonal communication. The population in this research were all college students of class 2017, 2018, and 2019 who accessed the Twitter and Facebook as many as 455 people.Determination of the number of samples used according to Arikunto, as much as 20% of total population, which is as many as 91 people, with a random sampling techniques. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and observations. The results showed that there were differences in the level of interpersonal communication among students college of STIKOM Muhammadiyah Jayapura between those who accessed Twitter and Facebook which were analyzed through parametric analysis (t test). This means that interpersonal communication in early adulthood is more effective using Facebook than Twitter. Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Twitter, Facebook, Social Networkin

The Contribution of Interpersonal Communication to Student Adjustment

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of many students who tend to be difficult to adjust. The effectiveness of self-adjustment will determine the objectives to be achieved in fact there are still many students who are not able to adjust themselves well in the school environment, this is dilator behind by interpersonal communication which is one of the factors that is suspected to influence student adjustment. This study aims to describe: 1) Interpersonal Communication, 2) self-adjustment, and 3)The contribution of Interpersonal Communication to student self-adjustment.This type of research is a descriptive correlational research, with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study were 200 students consisting of classes X and XI, selected by Stratifate random sampling technique. The instrument used was Scale using Linkert scale mode. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and simple linear regression.The findings of this study show that: 1) most interpersonal communication students of SMK N 10 Padang have high levels of interpersonal communication, even though there are students who have very high, medium and low levels of interpersonal communication. There are no students who have a low level of adjustment and are very low. 2) Most adjustment of students of SMK N 10 Padang has a fairly good level of adjustment, even though there are students who have a very good and good level of adjustment. There are no students who have a level of adjustment that is lacking and lacking once. 3) There is a significant contribution between interpersonal communication with the adjustment of students of SMK Negeri 10 Padang, which is 13.9%.

Političko komuniciranje i civilno društvo - doba cyber društva i postpolitike

Communication and the public, in the operation of all segments of civil society, are the essential prerequisites for the interests of citizens to be protected and represented, because on one hand, the secrecy in decision-making of a small group of people creates an atmosphere of mistrust, and on the other, communication gets the form of rumour and takes place in a private social space at the level of interpersonal communication. Social media, as a part of a new communication online space/time, not only facilitates the flow of information but, at the same time, they are inexhaustible sources of data which provide the opportunity for internet users to participate in political communication. The aim of this paper is both to point out the mutual relationship between political communication and civil society at the time of the development of new technologies, and also the global changes that have affected the crisis of civil society and the emergence of post-civil society and post-politics. With the development of new technologies, political communication, depending on the level that society has achieved in its development, began to occupy the virtual space of social media. It is concluded that in conditions when civil society organizations are weakened and therefore are hardly operating, when the struggle with the authorities is being lost, then the problems in the society are being multiplied, political communication is lagging behind, and consequently the civil society is being transformed into a cyber-society in which communication closeness, communion and solidarity are dominant. In spite of the certain opinions that the end of the civil society is approaching, the affirmation of the online communities in the cyberspace, their achievements both in the field of political communication and participation, tend to entirely replace the activities of civil society.

Effects of a Family Education Program for Families of Pathological Gamblers

This study was done to examine the intervention effects on the family of a family education program for pathological gamblers based on Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 44 families of pathological gamblers from G center in Gyung-gi Province and 5 Gam-Anon groups in Seoul City and Gyung-gi Province. The experimental group (n=22) attended the 6 weekly 2 hour-long CRAFT family education program. The control group (n=22) attended the 12-step program of Gam-Anon. Data were collected from November, 2011 to May, 2012. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant decrease in depression (p=.001) and state anger (p=.039). There were no significant differences between groups in the level of interpersonal communication, trait anger, the mode of anger expression and self-esteem. Findings from this study suggest that the CRAFT family education program is effective in decreasing depression and state anger in families of pathological gamblers.

The networked mind

The paper discusses the role of networks in cognition on two levels: on the level of the organization of ideas, and on the level of interpersonal communication. Any interesting system of ideas forms a network: ideas presented in a linear order (the order forced upon us by verbal expression) will necessarily convey a distorted picture of the underlying patterns of thought. Networks of ideas typically consist of a great number of nodes with just a few links, and a small number of hubs with very many links; that is, they are, to employ Albert-Laszlo Barabasi’s term, “scale-free.” Barabasi fits into a specific tradition: Hungarians had an early influence on the philosophy of networks, and on the philosophy of communication as developed at Marshall McLuhan’s Toronto Circle. In fact, this was the circle in which certain Hungarian and Austrian ideas on mediated collective thinking first came together—a telling testimony to the conditions of disturbed communication and idiosyncratic networking typical of East-Central Europe, past and present. The nodes-and-hubs pattern is characteristic, too, of social networks, in particular of scholarly and scientific networks. The paper analyses the role of “invisible colleges”—informal groups of scientific elites through whom the communication of information both within a field and across fields is channelled. By way of conclusion the notion of a new type of personality, the “network individual,” is discussed: the network individual is the person reintegrated, after centuries of relative isolation induced by the printing press, into the collective thinking of society—the individual whose mind is manifestly mediated, once again, by the minds of those forming his/her smaller or larger community.

正誤表

正誤表