Levels Of Incompetence Research Articles

Levels of incompetence. On the place of rationality in an irrational world

The phenomenon of incompetence as an interdisciplinary subject requires multiple analyses embracing various spheres of life, and scientists whose knowledge is limited to only one discipline may face difficulties in capturing the core of the issue. This article is based on a meta-reflection inspired by the discourse revealed in post-humanist and post-pandemic reality. Its aim is to define sources of irrationality, areas of ignorance and, above all, levels of incompetence to reveal the primary categories. One of the problems standing in the way of development is a lack of interest, which leads to ignorance. A limited number of experiences and stimuli different from those in our everyday lives can lead us to a perception of the world solely from our own perspective. In the political sphere, cooperation between the authorities and specialists for the good of the community is crucial. The greed for power and money is fatal, causing numerous abuses, scientific knowledge becomes “inconvenient”, so it is easier to ignore it. A lack of unanimity among researchers and a divergence of views, cause the people who are not fully aware of how science works to begin to doubt it, which increases the obstinacy of their own views. It is impossible not to question and to systematize knowledge completely; the problem arises at the level of the dissemination of knowledge. Moreover, emotions and the phenomenon of resentment play one of the key roles in rationality, and controlling them and continuing education can reduce the phenomenon of incompetence.

Effects of Imbalance of Self‐ and Other‐Care on Counselors' Burnout

This study was aimed at identifying counselor profiles based on their balance between self‐care and caring for others, and examining how these profiles differ by levels of burnout and life satisfaction. We conducted a latent profile analysis of 292 Korean counselors and identified four groups: (a) low care, (b) typical care, (c) high care, and (d) low self‐care/high other‐care. Of these, the typical care and high care groups had lower levels of incompetence and deterioration in personal life and higher levels of life satisfaction compared with the low self‐care/high other‐care group. Counselor self‐awareness, education level, work experience, and number of handled cases were found to be differentiators among the four profiles. Limitations and implications are discussed.

Mental health nurse prescribing: a difficult pill to swallow?

This paper develops an interpretation of the impact of mental health nurse prescribing in the UK. A constructivist-grounded theory methodology was applied to 13 semi-structured interviews with mental health clinicians and service users. The same interpretivist methodology was applied to the literature. Thirty-two practising UK mental health nurse prescribers gave structured feedback on the coherence of the emergent theory. It was found that the theory describes the process of becoming competent in mental health nurse prescribing. This process highlights possible deficits in non-prescribing mental health nurses. It is recommended that if this is corroborated then structured education in medicines management be introduced into pre- and postregistration mental health nursing in UK. The findings of this research offer a framework. That is, the categories emerging within this research translate easily into learning outcomes which can underpin delivery of a consistent medicine management strategy across all levels of nurse education.

The Effect of Mental Illness on Language Regression to the Mother Tongue in Bilingual Teenagers

The Effect of Mental Illness on Language Regression to the Mother Tongue in Bilingual Teenagers

Juvenile Competence to Stand Trial: A Historical and Empirical Analysis of a Juvenile Forensic Evaluation Service

Competence to stand trial is an increasingly important forensic mental health issue in juvenile courts. Few studies have examined samples of juveniles referred for competence evaluations. We retrospectively examined the characteristics of juveniles referred for competence evaluations to a publicly funded forensic service for juveniles in Washington State. Our sample had higher levels of psychopathology and incompetence than reported in previous studies. A high rate of agreement between examiners and judges competency opinions was found. In a subset of participants with complete data, we examined variables that discriminated juveniles found incompetent by judges from those found competent. Being found incompetent by the court was associated with being younger, intellectual impairments, special education placement, and a diagnosis of psychosis. Implications for juvenile competence examiners, researchers, and policy makers are discussed.

Performance, Promotion and Information

If a firm provides incentives by promoting those who have performed well in a job, it may transfer them to a job to which they are not well suited and agents are promoted to their levels of incompetence. Tournaments are an alternative to reputation as a means of ensuring that firms reward good performance when performance is unverifiable.

Incompetence, Noise, and Fear in Central-Local Relations in China

In this article, I analyze how the structure of the Chinese state affects the probability that local cadres will comply with the directives of the center. Because the Chinese state consists of a five-level hierarchy of dyadic principal-agent relationships, the existence of even moderate levels of routine incompetence and noise ensures that compliance will be less than perfect due to simple error. Moreover, because the center cannot perfectly differentiate between simple incompetence and willful disobedience, the structure of the state enables cadres to engage in strategic disobedience. I thus conclude that the complexity of the linkages between center and locality are a major factor in the observed persistence of corruption and institutional malfeasance.

Gender, Internet and computer attitudes and experiences

It is widely assumed that participation by females on the Internet is hampered by their attitudes towards computers, which in turn is reflective of their attitudes towards new technology. Research generally supports that females have less overall experience with computers and are more likely than males to have negative attitudes towards computers. Although limited, research on Internet experiences and attitudes has found parallel gender differences, with females reporting lower levels of experience and more negative attitudes. This paper explores whether Internet and computer experiences, skills and attitudes are related, using evidence from two studies of incoming college students, in 1989/90 and 1997. There were significant gender differences in many computer experiences and attitudes of incoming students in 1989/90. Males were more experienced with computers, more likely to have taken high school courses requiring computer use, and reported higher skill levels in applications such as programming, games and graphics than females. By 1997, incoming students were more experienced with using a computer than the earlier students. However, gender differences in computer experience and skill levels had diminished in some areas. The 1997 survey also assessed Internet experiences, skills, competence and comfort. Students had more exposure to computers than to the Internet. Males were more experienced and reported higher skill levels with the Internet than females, with the exception of e-mail. The overall competency and comfort level for students in 1997 was significantly higher for computers than for the Internet; 19% of the students did not feel competent and/or comfortable with the computer compared to 36% with the Internet, with females reporting higher levels of incompetence and discomfort for both. Competence and comfort levels with the Internet and computers were highly intercorrelated, and both predicted Internet skills and experiences.

Impact of Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) on ‘personal data’

It is widely assumed that participation by females on the Internet is hampered by their attitudes towards computers, which in turn is reflective of their attitudes towards new technology. Research generally supports that females have less overall experience with computers and are more likely than males to have negative attitudes towards computers. Although limited, research on Internet experiences and attitudes has found parallel gender differences, with females reporting lower levels of experience and more negative attitudes. This paper explores whether Internet and computer experiences, skills and attitudes are related, using evidence from two studies of incoming college students, in 1989/90 and 1997. There were significant gender differences in many computer experiences and attitudes of incoming students in 1989/90. Males were more experienced with computers, more likely to have taken high school courses requiring computer use, and reported higher skill levels in applications such as programming, games and graphics than females. By 1997, incoming students were more experienced with using a computer than the earlier students. However, gender differences in computer experience and skill levels had diminished in some areas. The 1997 survey also assessed Internet experiences, skills, competence and comfort. Students had more exposure to computers than to the Internet. Males were more experienced and reported higher skill levels with the Internet than females, with the exception of e-mail. The overall competency and comfort level for students in 1997 was significantly higher for computers than for the Internet; 19% of the students did not feel competent and/or comfortable with the computer compared to 36% with the Internet, with females reporting higher levels of incompetence and discomfort for both. Competence and comfort levels with the Internet and computers were highly intercorrelated, and both predicted Internet skills and experiences.

The Peter Principle and the Efficient Market Hypothesis

* While Paul Samuelson concedes that perhaps there are managers who can outperform market consistently, he questions why academic investigators have been unable to find any evidence of their existence. Professor Grubel suggests that answer may lie in Peter Principle. When a portfolio manager has investment success with a particular portfolio, it often presents him with opportunities to manage different and larger portfolios. So long as he continues to succeed, he will continue moving from one portfolio to another, larger portfolio. Ultimately, he will confront a portfolio so large that his talents are taxed to limit; having reached his level of incompetence, he will no longer be able to achieve above-average returns. a world in which recognition for success comes rapidly, portfolio managers rapidly reach their levels of incompetence and tend to remain there for some time. Thus, at any given moment, only a small proportion of all portfolio managers will be earning consistently above-average returns. And they will move through successful portfolios of their careers so quickly that their existence will not really be visible to tests of academics. If this hypothesis is correct, a successful portfolio manager should produce longer runs of above-average returns if he persists in managing small portfolios than if he moves on to larger portfolios. More generally, because successful portfolio manager tends to change jobs frequently, any proper test of his existence requires analysis of performance history of manager, rather than performance history of portfolio. O T HE efficient market hypothesis, together with empirical tests establishing its validity, represents one of most important achievements in finance during 1960s. The theory has received widespread public attention and has undoubtedly influenced behavior of many investors. fact, evidence suggests that investors who believe in efficient market hypothesis are less willing to follow professional investment advice, avoid turnover of their holdings and entrust less of their wealth to paid managers of mutual funds and other imperfectly diversified portfolios.' Analysts and portfolio managers, having seen great prestige and incomes they enjoyed during 1960s fall dramatically during 1970s (though principally for other reasons), have engaged in many debates about merit of efficient market hypothesis with its proponents from academic world. The academics tended to win these arguments easily by pointing to strong evidence that mutual funds on average earned a rate of return that was only equal to that of market as a whole, and that individual funds traced through time did not succeed in earning above-average rates of return for more than a very few years. Against these statistics, members of investment community can offer only casual evidence and a belief that some professionals, who are better analysts than others, produce above-average yields for portfolios they manage. This view has been spelled out by Arthur Zeikel: In any group of people . . . some will exhibit capacity to recognize and use information faster than others, and that capacity puts them at a competitive advantage. Professional portfolio managers are paid to exhibit that capacity on behalf of clients and customers. It follows that the Herbert Grubel is Professor of Economics at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. He thanks Stephen Easton, John Herzog and his former colleagues at Finance Department of University of Pennsylvania, Pao Cheng, Arthur Zeikel and Paul Samuelson for their helpful comments. 1. Footnotes appear at end of article.