Levels Of Goal Orientation Research Articles

Personality determinants of goal orientation in elite long-distance and mountain runners

Background and Study Aim. The achievement theory points to two motivational orientations that represent different views on an individual's perception of success. In sports, these aspects are closely associated with various individual characteristics and athletic achievements. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between personality traits and aspects of goal orientation among long-distance and mountain runners of both genders. Material and Methods. The study involved 9 women aged 26 to 34 and 13 men aged 26 to 38 who were members of the national long-distance and mountain running teams (medallists at the Polish and European Championships in their disciplines). Among the participants there were graduate students. The Polish adaptation of Costa and McCrae’s NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire was used to examine the level of personality traits. The level of goal orientation dimensions was determined using the Polish adaptation of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13 software. Results. In the studied group of male athletic competitors, three significant relationships were observed: a negative correlation between ego orientation and both neuroticism and openness to experience; a negative correlation between the overall level of goal orientation and neuroticism. These results are explained by the relationship that occurs between emotional balance and resilience to criticism and the desire to compare oneself to others and the tendency to demonstrate superior skills in front of others. Conclusions. The findings underscore the importance of considering individual characteristics in athletic competition. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of assessing personality traits and goal orientation dimensions among student and competitive long-distance and mountain runners of both genders. Additionally, the significance of these factors in predicting sporting achievement is highlighted, suggesting avenues for further research and practical application.

HUBUNGAN ORIENTASI TUJUAN DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SALAFIYAH SYAFI’IYAH

Career decision making is a thinking process in selecting and determining various existingIslamic boarding schools are places where students gain and practice knowledge. Being in an Islamic boarding school requires students to have motivation to learn. One of the factors related to motivation is having a goal orientation. The aim of this research is to statistically test the relationship between goal orientation and students’ learning motivation in Islamic boarding schools. This research uses quantitative research methods with a correlation research type. The results of this research show that the level of goal orientation of students is in the high category as many as 49 students (56%), and as many as 38 students (44%) are in the medium category. The results of the level of student motivation to learn were in the high category as many as 58 students (67%) and as many as 29 students (33%) were in the medium category. The results of the product moment analysis show that there is a positive and very significant relationship between goal orientation and learning motivation as shown by the Pearson correlation results of (r) = 0.424 with sig (p) = 0.000 (p<0.05). The results of the analysis test show that the higher the level of goal orientation, the higher the learning motivation.

The entertainment videos pushed by WeChat promote the mental health of undergraduate students

The present study addressed whether watching entertainment videos in succession could have a positive effect on the mental health of undergraduate students. Two experiments were designed. One hundred and sixteen university students participated in experiment 1. It aimed to explore whether watching motivational videos pushed by WeChat in continuous four weeks could affect mental health at the individual level, including mental health level and achievement goal orientation level. Experiment 2 enrolled 108 undergraduate students. It aimed to explore whether watching motivational and comedy videos pushed by WeChat in continuous four weeks could affect the mental health of undergraduate students at the social adaptation level, including interpersonal relationships and class atmosphere level. Results showed that entertainment videos pushed by WeChat in succession have significant positive effects on the university students' mental health and positive psychological quality.

Happiness Levels and Goal Orientations of Athletes Engaged in Individual and Team Sports

The purpose of the research is to designate the relationship between happiness levels and goal orientation levels of the athletes who do individual and team sports. In this study, relational scanning model, one of the general scanning model, has been used. The research group consisted of 238 athletes who engaged individual sports and 376 athletes who engaged team sports selected by random sampling method. In the research, Happiness Scale (HS) developed by Demirci and Eksi (2018), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) developed by Duda (1989) and adapted to Turkish culture by Toros (2004), Personal Information Form developed by the researchers to collect personal information have been used. In the analysis of the data; t test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test, Tukey HSD test, Tamhane's T2 test and pearson coefficient of correlation have been applied. When the research results are examined, it was specified that there was a meaningful weak relationship between happiness level of individual sports athletes and their goal, task and ego orientation, that there was meaningful moderate relationship between goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a meaningful very high level relationship between task and ego orientation. It was stated that there was meaningful weak relationship between happiness level and task and ego orientation of the athletes who engaged team sports, that there was a very weak relationship between the goal and ego orientation, that there was a meaningful weak level of relationship between the goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a very high level of relationship between task and ego orientation.

The Effect of Mutual Help Behavior on Employee Creativity—Based on the Recipient’s Perspective

This paper explores the effect of the recipient’s acceptance of help on his or her personal creativity in mutual aid behavior from the perspective of the recipient and explores the mediating role of learning between the two and the moderating role of the target atmosphere. Through the two research methods of a scenario experiment and questionnaire survey, sample data were collected for screening and analysis, the research hypothesis was verified, and three main research conclusions were drawn. The study suggests that employees’ acceptance of help in work situations is positively correlated with their individual creativity, and that individual learning plays an intermediary role between receiving help and employee creativity. The team-learning, goal-oriented atmosphere and the atmosphere of goal recognition can adjust the relationship between the acceptance of help behavior and individual learning, and the perception of a team-learning, goal-oriented atmosphere plays a positive adjustment role, that is, the higher the team-learning goal orientation level, the greater the impact of employees’ acceptance of help behavior on their own personal learning, and the team proves that the perception of a goal-oriented atmosphere plays a negative adjustment role, that is, the lower the team’s orientation to the goal-oriented level, the greater the impact of employees’ acceptance of help behavior on their own personal learning. This study deepens the study of the relationship between mutual aid behavior and creativity and has a certain guiding significance for managerial practice.

Evaluation of Cognitive Flexibility and Goal Orientation Levels of Students Preparing for Special Talent Exam

In the current study, it is aimed to determine the correlation between cognitive flexibility levels and goal orientation levels of the students who are preparing for special talent exams for sports, and to compare these in terms of various demographics. The study group of the research consists of students (n=351) preparing for special talent exams in order to study at faculties/schools of higher education of sports of the universities predetermined through convenience sampling method, which is a sampling method that is not based on probability, that will accept students for 2021-2022 academic year. 180 of the participants are female (51.3%) whereas 171 of them are male (48.7%). In the study, “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory” (CFI) and “Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire” (TEOSQ) are used. In order to evaluate CFI and TEOSQ levels of the participants in terms of various demographic features, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests are used. Before the statistical analysis of the obtained data, skewness and kurtosis values of the data are calculated to determine if the data has normal distribution, and it is determined that the data has normal distribution. As a result of the research, it is determined that there is a significant and positive correlation between cognitive flexibility and task-oriented goals and ego-oriented goals. In addition, it is seen that there is a significant difference in control subscale of cognitive flexibility and goal-oriented and ego-oriented targets subscales of participants when the high schools of the participants are considered.

The Measurement of Goal Orientation in Sport: Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ)

The main aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of psychometric properties of the Polish version of Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) in sport. Apart from standard psychometric evaluation, the paper presents an analysis of item reliability through the use of Item Response Theory, as well as the analysis of relationships between sport type, level of participation, gender and goal orientation level. The study covered 412 people aged M = 23.46 (SD = 5.40). The Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) were used. High reliability of POSQ ego subscale (α = 0.89, ω = 0.89) and POSQ task subscale (α = 0.90, ω = 0.91) were noted. The test-retest correlations at the two-week interval were ICC = 0.91 for ego subscale, and ICC = 0.71 for task subscale, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a relatively good fit of the two-factor model to the data (CFI = 0.94). Relationships between the goal orientation measured by the POSQ questionnaire and motivational traits measured by TEOSQ and SMS-28 were obtained. It was also shown that high-performance athletes had higher scores on the ego factor than recreational athletes. Moreover, men had higher scores on the ego factor than women. The Perception of Success Questionnaire (Polish version) is characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used for scientific research and diagnosis.

Time Orientation and its Relationship with Goal Orientation

The objectives of the study are to investigate time orientation and goal orientation levels in light of some variables, and to identify the relationship between the two variables. The sample of the study consists of 698 male and female students studding at Yarmouk University. Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) Time Orientation Scale and Abu Ghazal et al., (2013) Goal Orientation Scale are used after assessing the validity and reliability for both scales. The results of the study showed that the past positive domain in time orientation ranked first, followed by future past negative, present hedonism, present fatalistic, respectively. The results also showed that the domain of mastery-approach in goal orientations ranked first, followed by performance-avoidance, and finally performance-approach. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant positive correlations between future time orientation and mastery- approach goal orientation, and between past negative time orientation and performance- avoidance goal orientation. There are statistically significant positive correlations between time orientation domains and goals orientations domains except a negative correlation between present fatalistic time orientation and mastery-approach goal orientation

Decision-making in a dynamic task: effects of goal orientation on stocks and flows performance

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effects of goal orientation on understanding the dynamics of stocks and flows (SF).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the well-established department store task as the experimental task to evaluate people’s understanding of SF and implement a survey to assess different goal orientation levels. Ordinary least square is used to test the effects of goal orientations on the SF performance.FindingsThe findings suggest that learning goal orientation is positively associated with SF performance. However, prove and avoid performance goal orientation are unrelated to SF performance.Originality/valueThe study has important theoretical and practical contributions. From a theoretical perspective, the authors examine the impact of goal orientation in dynamic decision-making to advance the knowledge on the role of goal orientation. Practically, the research demonstrates that learning-goal-oriented people perform better in stock and flow tasks, suggesting that goal orientation is an important trait for recruiting organizational members whose work involves SF decision-making tasks.

المعتقدات المعرفیة وتوجهات الأهداف وعلاقتهما بالتدفق النفسی لدى طلاب الجامعة. Cognitive beliefs, goal orientations and their relationship to the psychological flow of university students

هدفت هذه الدراسة لبحث علاقة المعتقدات المعرفیة وتوجهات الأهداف بالتدفق النفسی لدى طلبة الجامعة، ومعرفة مستوى المعتقدات المعرفیة وتوجهات الأهداف ومستوى والکشف عن الفروق بینهما التی قد تعزى لمتغیــــرات الجنس، والتخصـص الأکادیمی، لدى عینة تکونت من (366)طالبا وطالبة من طلبة جامعة أم القرى اختیروا بالطریقة العشوائیة.ولتحقیق أهداف الدراسة، استخدمت مقاییس المعتقدات المعرفیة، وتوجهات الأهداف والتدفق النفسی وباستخدام الأسالیب الإحصائیة المناسبة. أشارت النتائج إلى. امتلاک الطلبة مستوى متوسط فی المعتقدات المعرفیة. وامتلاکهم مستوى مرتفع فی الهدف، وامتلاکهم مستوى مرتفع فی التدفق النفسی، ووجدت فروق دالة إحصائیا بین المعتقدات المعرفیة والتدفق وکانت قیمة (ت) للفروق بین الذکور والإناث فی المعتقدات المعرفیة غیر دالة فی جمیع الأبعاد باستثناء الاعتقاد فی ثبات المعرفة فقد وجدت فروق لصالح الذکور، وکانت قیمة (ت) للفروق بین الذکور والإناث فی توجهات الأهداف غیر دالة فی بعد الاتقان أما أبعاد الأداء/ إقدام، والأداء/ إحجام فقد وجدت فروق لصالح الذکور، وکانت قیمة (ت) للفروق بین الذکور والإناث فی النفسی غیر دالة فی جمیع الأبعاد باستثناء بعد السیطرة حیث وجدت فروق لصالح الذکور، وکانت قیمة (ت) للفروق بین التخصصین العلمی والأدبی فی المعتقدات المعرفیة غیر دالة فی جمیع الأبعاد باستثناء بعد سرعة التعلم فقد وجدت فروق فی التخصص الأدبی، قیمة (ت) للفروق بین التخصصین العلمی والأدبی فی توجهات الأهداف غیر دالة فی جمیع الأبعاد باستثناء بعد الأداء/ إحجام حیث وجدت فروق لصالح التخصص الأدبی، وکانت قیمة (ت) للفروق بین التخصصین العلمی والأدبی فی النفسی غیر دالة فی جمیع الأبعاد باستثناء بعد تحدید الأهدافحیث وجدت فروق لصالح التخصص الأدبی، وأوصت الدراسة ببناء برامج تدریبیة لتطویر المعتقدات المعرفیة وتوجهات الأهداف والتدفق النفسی لدى الطلبة الجامعیین، وتوجیه أساتذة الجامعات لاعتماد طرائق تدریس تراعی المعتقدات المعرفیة وتوجهات الاهداف والتدفق النفسی لدى الطلبة. The study aimed to reveal the relationship of cognitive beliefs and the orientation of the goals to the psychological flow of university students, and to know the level of cognitive beliefs, goal orientations, level of psychological flow, and the difference between them according to sex, and academic specialization, the sample consisted of 366 students from the university students of um al-Qura university chosen in a random way. To scales of cognitive beliefs , goal orientations and psychological flow were used. The results indicated that students have an average level of cognitive beliefs. The order of cognitive beliefs was according to the level of consent, students have a high level of goal orientation, have a high level of psychological flow. There are statistically significant differences between cognitive beliefs and psychological flow. The value of (t) of differences between males and females in cognitive beliefs is not significant in all dimensions except belief in the stability of knowledge; there have been differences in favor of males. The value of (t) differences between males and females in goal orientations is not significant in the after-mastery, while the dimensions of performance/performance and performance/reluctance have found differences in favor of males. The value of (t) of differences between males and females in psychological flow is not significant in all dimensions except after control, differences have been found in favor of males. The value of (t) of the differences between scientific and literary specializations in cognitive beliefs is not functioning in all dimensions except after the speed of learning, there have been differences in the direction of literary specialization. The value of (t) differences between scientific and literary specializations in the direction of objectives is not indicative in all dimensions except after performance/reluctance, there have been differences in favor of literary specialization. The value (t) of the differences between the scientific and literary specializations in the psychological flow is not functioning in all dimensions except after the targeting has found differences in favor of literary specialization. The study recommended building training programs to develop cognitive. beliefs, goal orientations and psychological flow among university students, and directing university professors to adopt teaching methods that take into account cognitive beliefs, goal orientations and psychological flow among students.

The Correlatıon Between Mental Toughness And Goal Orıentatıon Of Elıte Wrestlers

This study examined the correlation between mental toughness and goal orientation of elite wrestlers. A total of 50 wrestler (age=20.22±2.98) were participated in the study. In the study; Task and Ego Orientation Scale in developed by Duda and Whitehead (1998) used to determine goal orientation levels. Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTTQ) developed by Sheard et. al (2009) used. Also, a personal information form used that prepared by the researchers. Descriptive, relational and comparative model were used in the article. In the analysis of the data, Spearman correlation coefficient was applied in the article. Also, Mann-Whitney U test used to comparisons. Wrestlers found a moderate negative correlation between age variable and control scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.01). A positive correlation was found between task orientation scores of the goal orientation scale and the confidence (p<0.01) of the mental toughness scale and the continuum (p<0.05) scores. A low-level positive correlation was detected between the ego orientation score of the goal orientation scale and the confidence scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between wrestlers age variable scores and control scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.05). As a result, the correlation between mental toughness and goal orientation is important for elite athletes. As the age of elite wrestlers’ increases, their concerns appear to increase in the face of unexpected or uncontrollable events.

The Interconnection of Motivation and Self Regulated Learning Among University Level EFL Students

The main aim of this research is to investigate learners in higher education in a Turkish context, in terms of motivational components such as goal orientation, self efficacy, intrinsic value, test anxiety and self-regulated learning components such as cognitive strategy usage and self regulation. The study was carried out with 233 students in higher education enrolled in the English Language and Literature department. Descriptive, variance and correlation analyses were carried out to answer the research questions. The results showed that the participants were reported to have satisfactory level of goal orientation, self efficacy, intrinsic value, test anxiety, cognitive strategy usage and self regulation. ANOVA results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the three types of students, regular (daytime), evening, and distance education, with regard to goal orientation and self-efficacy. Furthermore, correlation analysis suggested that there was a moderate level of correlation between self-regulation and cognitive strategy usage. This research on the whole, infers that self-regulated learning means empowering the student to take charge of their motivation and educational pathway, and that while doing so, teachers should keep in mind that the classroom remains a formal environment that still requires self-efficacy and self-regulation and these are all interrelated.

청소년 운동선수의 성취목표성향에 따른 부모동기분위기와 실패내성의 차이

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of parent – initiated motivational climate and failure tolerance according to goal orientation of adolescent athletes in Korea. We used cluster analysis method for dividing the level of goal orientation based on the fact that the two achievement goal orientations could be coexisted within an individual without being separated. 559 athletes belongs to Gwangju, Jeonnam, Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Gyeongnam, Chungbuk and Gangwon participated in this survey. The results of this study were as follows: First, a cluster analysis was divided into four groups: High Ego-Low Task(HiE-LoT), Low Ego-High Task(LoE-HiT), High Ego-High Task(HiE-HiT), Low Ego-Low Task(LoE-LoT). Second, there was a significant difference in learning-enjoyment and worryconducive of parent–initiated motivational climate according to goal orientation of participants. The learning-enjoyment climate of the parent–initiated motivational climate reflecting the task orientation was the highest in the group with HiE-HiT and the worry conducive climate reflecting ego orientation was the highest in the group with HiE-LoT. Third, there was a significant difference in all sub factors of failure tolerance according to goal orientation of participants. The HiE-HiT showed the highest score in all of the sub factors of failure tolerance. We expect the goal orientation of parents to be reflected in those of adolescent athletes, which affects the failure tolerance, the capacity that they should have as athletes. A further study should examine meaningful results on how the values and goal parents seek affect a adolescent athletes.

Examining the achievement goal orientation levels of Turkish pre-service music teachers

Achievement goal orientation (AGO) might help music teacher candidates make their learning processes more effective by revealing how they are motivated towards the learning tasks. In this respect, the purpose of this study was to examine the levels of achievement goal orientation of pre-service music teachers according to eight variables. The participants of the study consisted of 1250 undergraduate students studying in the departments of music education during the academic year 2013–2014 in Turkey. The data were collected through an Information Form and the Achievement Goal Orientation Scale (AOS). The results of the study revealed that gender, grade level, students’ achievement level and willingness had small effects on students’ learning goal orientation. Practice time in music, students’ evaluation of their own achievement levels among their peers, the extent to which students found themselves skilled in music and pursuing another profession had a medium effect on learning goal orientation. Informing students about the achievement goal orientation and the effects of these goals on the teaching and learning process may help students with their achievement goal orientations towards the desired direction.

The Differences of Career Self-Efficacy, Career Maturity, and Career Preparation Behavior according to Achievement Goal Orientation Level of University Students

The Differences of Career Self-Efficacy, Career Maturity, and Career Preparation Behavior according to Achievement Goal Orientation Level of University Students

English

The purpose of this study is to investigate the state and private school students’ achievement goal orientation levels in terms of some variables. Quantitative survey method was used in this study. Study group in this research consists of 201 students who are studying at state and private school in KahramanmaraAŸ during the 2014-2015 academic year. The data were collected using “Personal Information Forms”, developed by the researcher and the Inventory of Achievement Goal Orientation developed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) and adapted into Turkish by AkA±n. Research findings reveal that depending on the gender variable there is no significant differences between the students’ achievement goal orientation scores; depending on the doing sports variable, in terms of sub dimensions of achievement goal orientation such as mastery approach there is a significant difference in favor of students who said yes; and for performance AVOIDANCE, there is a significant difference in favor of students who said no; depending on the types of the school variable there is a significant difference in favor of state school students; depending on class level variable there is a significant difference in favor of first graders, and depending on the socio economic level of families there is a significant difference in favor of students who have low socio economic level. Key words: Achievement goal orientation, orientation, education.

The Examine Goal Orientation and Sports Self Confidence Level of Soccer Players

This research aims to examine the level of goal orientation and sports self-confidence of the soccer players. 87 male soccer players participated to this research. SSCI and GEO scale used collect to data. According to the result Significant differences between the level of state sports self-confidence of the amateur and professional soccer players (F=.005; p<0.05), There is no significant differences in trait sports self-confidence (F=.429; p>0.05). On the other hand level of goal orientation has no significant differences (F=.459; p>0.05), there is a significant differences in task orientation (F=.005; p<0.05). According to the result of analysing the level of sportive self-confidence and goal orientation of the amateur and professional soccer players shows significant differences depending on the league levels.

Critical Thinking and Goal Orientation Among English Language Students

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the existence of any meaningful relationship between the psychological constructs of goal orientation and critical thinking. The three psychological levels of goal orientation are learning goal orientation, proving dimension of performance goal orientation, and avoiding dimension of performance goal orientation. This investigation has been pursued with the intention of possibly recognizing goal orientation as a related variable to English students’ critical thinking. Critical thinking is a determining factor in language learning and teaching which stresses its significance. The research has been conducted based on a descriptive correlational study in Iran that resulted in the existence of significant positive correlation between the learning goal orientation and critical thinking, and significant negative correlation between performance goal orientation and critical thinking.

Researching task difficulty from an individual differences perspective

This paper reports on a study which highlighted goal orientation as an approachable individual difference (ID) variable which may further our understanding of foreign/second language learning experience. The study sought to (i) gauge the extent of goal orientation in foreign language learners' profile and (ii) examine how goal orientation affects their perception of task difficulty and motivation. Analysis of the findings revealed two distinct goal orientation levels which reflected two significantly different response types to task difficulty. Where one goal group responded positively to unfamiliar and cognitively demanding tasks, the other goal group did not. In light of these results, this paper calls for the necessity to revisit the reductionist research format that confines task variation to design and sequencing factors.

Goal Orientation and Achievement of Junior in Golfers Malaysia

Sports psychology plays a vital role in contributing to the performance of an athlete. This research examined the level of goal orientation towards the performance of the Junior Golfers in Malaysia and its relationship with their achievement. Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaires (TEOSQ) was administered to measure goal orientation aspects. A purposive sample of 80 junior golfers who participated in the 2002 national junior golf circuit was employed for this study. The findings showed that Junior Golfers were more Task orientated rather than Ego oriented. There was a significant correlation between Ego Orientation and Nett Score Achievement. However, there were no correlations between Task, Ego Orientation and Gross Score Achievement as well as between Task orientation and Nett Score Achievement. The findings of this study has implications to education policy, sports trainers and athletes. It is recommended that future studies examine a larger sample of Golfers from different levels or athletes from different types of sport. Qualitative research should be conducted in addition to quantitative research to get a deeper understanding of the athletes’ thoughts during competition. A comparative study between psychological profiles of Malaysian athletes and other successful international athletes is also recommended.