Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase Levels Research Articles

Altering plasma lipids and liver enzyme activities via hippocampal injections of hen Lysozyme amyloid aggregates in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model: Insights into the therapeutic role of Bis (Indolyl) phenylmethane

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. There is currently no effective treatment available for this disease. Diagnosis of AD typically relies on clinical manifestations and specific biomarkers. The present study investigated the impact of inducing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in mice through the injection of lysozyme amyloids formed in the presence or absence of Bis (Indolyl) phenylmethane (BIPM) on alterations in plasma lipid profiles and liver enzyme activities. 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into control, Scopolamine, Lysozyme, BIPM groups and the blood samples were obtained from the groups for biochemical analysis. The findings of the study revealed significant changes in the plasma lipid profiles and liver enzyme markers of the Lysozyme group compared to the control group. The Lysozyme group exhibited elevated triglycerides (n = 6, P < 0.02) and LDL levels (n = 6, P < 0.02), reduced HDL (n = 6, P < 0.05) and cholesterol levels (n = 6, P < 0.02), and altered serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level (n = 6, P < 0.05) compared to controls. While the level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) did not change significantly compared to the control. BIPM groups showed no significant changes in lipid or enzyme levels compared to controls. Overall, our research has shown that BIPM has the ability to modify the structure of HEWL aggregates, thereby improving the detrimental effects associated with AD caused by these aggregates. Analyzing lipid profiles and liver enzyme markers presents a promising avenue for targeted therapeutic approaches. These alterations observed in the plasma may potentially serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosing this disease.

The mitigative role of novel aflatoxin-degrading enzymes in diverse broiler performance indicators and gut microbiota following the consumption of diets contaminated with aflatoxins.

This study aims to explore both the toxic effects of aflatoxins (AFs) and the protective effects of degrading enzymes (DE) on broilers exposed to AFs. The findings reveal that a diet contaminated with 69.15 μg kg-1 of aflatoxin B1 had significant adverse effects on broilers. Specifically, it led to a reduction in average daily gain, dressed yield percentage, half-eviscerated yield with giblet yield percentage, eviscerated yield percentage, as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activity and liver SOD activity (P < 0.05). Conversely, the diet increased the feed conversion ratio, liver index, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels and malondialdehyde levels in both serum and liver (P < 0.05). Additionally, AFs disrupted the intestinal microflora significantly (P < 0.05), altering the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Escherichia in broiler jejunum. The addition of DE to AF-contaminated feed mitigated these negative effects and reduced the residues of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin M1 in the liver and duodenum (P < 0.05). We also observed that broilers fed the diet pelleted at 80 °C exhibited improved dressing percentage and water holding capacity compared to those on the 75 °C diet. In summary, DE serves as an effective feed additive for mitigating AF contamination in poultry production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

New insights into the potential cardioprotective effects of telmisartan and nanoformulated extract of Spirulina platensis via regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in an experimental model.

Cardiotoxicity is one of the limiting side effects of the commonly used anticancer agent cyclophosphamide (Cyclo). The possible protective effects of telmisartan and nanoformulated Spirulina platensis (Sp) methanolic extract against Cyclo-induced cardiotoxicity were examined in this study. Experimental groups of rats were randomly divided into nine groups as control vehicle, control polymer, telmisartan (TEL, 10mg/kg), free Sp extract (300mg/kg), nano Sp extract (100mg/kg), Cyclo (200mg/kg), TEL + Cyclo, free Sp + Cyclo, and nano Sp + Cyclo. The groups with Cyclo combinations were treated in the same manner as their corresponding ones without Cyclo, with a single dose of Cyclo on day 18. The results indicate that Cyclo causes significant cardiotoxicity, manifesting in the form of notable increases of 155.49%, 105.74%, 451.76%, and 826.07% in the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) enzyme activities, respectively, as compared to the control. In addition, the cardiac glutathione (GSH) content and activity of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme decreased by 65.94% and 73.85%, respectively. Treatment with nano Sp extract showed the most prominent restorations of the altered biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features as compared with those by TEL and free Sp; moreover, reductions of 30.64% and 43.02% in the p-AKT content as well as 60.43% and 75.30% of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity were detected in the TEL and free Sp treatment groups, respectively. Interestingly, nano Sp boosted the autophagy signal via activation of beclin-1 (36.42% and 153.4%), activation of LC3II (69.13% and 195%), downregulation of p62 expressions (39.68% and 62.45%), and increased gene expressions of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) (90.3% and 225.9%) compared to the TEL and free Sp treatment groups, respectively. The findings suggest the protective efficiency of telmisartan and nano Sp extract against cardiotoxicity via activations of the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and autophagy signaling pathways.

Influence of elevated liver enzyme level on 30-day mortality rates in patients undergoing nonemergency orthopedic surgery

BackgroundThe effect of elevated preoperative liver enzyme levels on postoperative outcomes is a topic of concern to clinicians. This study explored the association between elevated preoperative liver enzyme levels and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.MethodsUsing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we obtained data on adult patients who received nonemergency orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia between 2011 and 2021.ResultsWe evaluated the data of 477,524 patients, of whom 6.1% (24 197 patients) had elevated preoperative serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels. An elevated SGOT level was significantly associated with 30-day postoperative mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 1.90). We determined that the mortality rate rose with SGOT levels. The results remained unchanged after propensity score matching.ConclusionElevated preoperative SGOT levels constitute an independent risk factor for 30-day postoperative mortality and are proportionately associated with the risk of 30-day postoperative mortality.

Effects of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Treatment Using Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field in Aging Rats.

(1) Background: We investigated the detrimental and protective effects of short-, medium, and long-term treatment with different doses of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) during the aging process. (2) Methods: Rats were treated for 15, 30, and 60 weeks with 1, 3, 10, and 30 J of PBMT-sMF or a placebo control. In addition, eight young rats were not subjected to any procedure or treatment and were euthanized at six weeks old. Skin, muscle, bone, kidney, liver, and blood samples were analyzed. (3) Results: No differences between the groups in the morphology of the skin, muscle, and bone was observed. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were increased in the placebo group after 30 and 60 weeks. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were also increased in the placebo group after 30 weeks. An increase in creatinine in the PBMT-sMF 3, 10, and 30 J groups compared with that in the young control group was observed. No significant difference in urea levels between the groups was noted. Vascular endothelial growth factor increased in the PBMT-sMF 10 and 30 J groups after 15 weeks of treatment and in the PBMT-sMF 3 J after 60 weeks. Finally, vascular endothelial growth factor decreased in the PBMT-sMF 30 J group after 30 weeks of treatment. (4) Conclusions: PBMT-sMF did not have detrimental effects on the skin, muscle, bone, kidney, or liver after short-, medium-, and long-term treatments in aging rats. In addition, PBMT-sMF may have protective effects on the muscle tissue in aging rats after short- and long-term treatment.

Impact of Anti Tubercular Drugs on Biochemical Changes in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients

Background: The disease tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health concern, with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing nations. It affects multiple organs and has the ability to alter metabolic processes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how patients' serum biochemical markers were affected by tuberculosis and the medications used to treat it. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate impact of anti-tubercular drugs on biochemical changes in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Netrokona Medical College Hospital, Netrokona, from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2023. A total of 120 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, majority 48 (40.0%) of the patients were in 31 - 40 years age group and 28 (23.3%) patients were in 41 - 50 years age group, Mean±SD of age was 36.13±11.03 years. Most of the patients 69 (57.50%) were male and 51 (42.50%) patients were female. Most of the patients 87 (72.5%) were in normal range (18.5 – 29.9 kg/m2), 15 (11.7%) of the patients were underweight (&lt;18.5) and 19 (15.8%) of the patients were overweight (&gt;30). Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase level were 18.00 (4.01), 21.04 (3.16) before treatment but after treatment the level became 20.10 (3.52), 22.57 (4.41). Urea and Creatinine level were 18.20 (2.31), 0.63 (0.15) before treatment but after treatment 20.01 (5.34) and 0.53 (0.13). After treatment by anti-tubercular drug gastrointestinal adverse drug effects were nausea 3 (2.5%), vomiting 6 (5.0%), diarrhea 3 (2.5%) and abdominal pain 5 (4.2%), followed by itching ......

Association between chest X-ray score and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: A study on modified radiographic assessment of lung edema score (mRALE) in Indonesia.

Radiological examinations such as chest X-rays (CXR) play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and determining disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Various CXR scoring systems have been developed to quantitively assess lung abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, including CXR modified radiographic assessment of lung edema (mRALE). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mRALE scores and clinical outcome (mortality), as well as to identify the correlation between mRALE score and the severity of hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 ratio). A retrospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia, from February to April 2022. All CXR data at initial admission were scored using the mRALE scoring system, and the clinical outcomes at the end of hospitalization were recorded. Of the total 178 COVID-19 patients, 62.9% survived after completing the treatment. Patients within non-survived had significantly higher quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score (p<0.001), lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p=0.004), and higher blood urea nitrogen (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.008) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p=0.001) levels. There was a significant relationship between mRALE score and clinical outcome (survived vs deceased) (p=0.024; contingency coefficient of 0.184); and mRALE score of ≥2.5 served as a risk factor for mortality among COVID-19 patients (relative risk of 1.624). There was a significant negative correlation between the mRALE score and PaO2/FiO2 ratio based on the Spearman correlation test (r=-0.346; p<0.001). The findings highlight that the initial mRALE score may serve as an independent predictor of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients as well as proves its potential prognostic role in the management of COVID-19.

IJCM_299A: Clinical profile of patients with dengue: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka

Background: Dengue fever (DF) are among the most important mosquito- borne diseases of the Indian subcontinent and have become a major global public health concern. Its clinical manifestations of which vary from influenza- like illness (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The purpose of the study was to find out the mode of presentation, biochemical profile and complications of Dengue cases in an apical level. Objectives: 1. To identify socio-demographic characteristics and clinical features; 2. To document the disease specific management and outcomes Methodology: A cross-sectional study of admitted patients was conducted in the department of medicine and Infectious Diseases over a period of 9 months (15/2/2023 -15/11/2023). Patients aged above 18 years with serology proven (nonstructural protein 1 [NS1]/dengue immunoglobulin M [IgM]) DF were included in this study. Their Socio demographic Details, clinical and laboratory data was recorded and analyzed. Results: Preliminary Results: Out of 125 cases, - 89 (71.2 %) patients were males and 36 (28.8%) were females. - The most common presentations were fever (96%) followed by Nausea/vomiting (40%), Headache (35%) and myalgia (31%). - Dengue NS1 and IgM antibodies were positive in 87.3% and 88.12% of the patients, respectively. - the incidence of DF, DHF, and DSS was 87.2, 11.2, and 1.6% respectively. - Shock, bleeding, and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels predicted adverse outcome. Conclusion: DF can present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild self-limiting illness to severe fatal disease. It can have varied and multi-systemic manifestations which can go unrecognized. Continuous seroepidemiological surveillance is essential to control outbreak and minimize morbidity and mortality.

Association Between Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Ferritin with Hepatic Function in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Background: Thalassemia major is associated with ferritin levels and SII values with impaired liver function. Furthermore, the measurement of impaired liver function is carried out using Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels. Increased SGPT and SGOT levels are indicators of liver necrosis. Objective: This study aimed to prove the association between SII and ferritin with SGPT and SGOT levels in thalassemia major patients. Methods: An observational analysis with a cross-sectional approach was adopted to analyze the medical records of pediatric patients at the Kasuari Clinic of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang from September to October 2023. SII value and ferritin level were the independent variables, while SGOT and SGPT were dependent. Data were collected and analyzed univariately for characteristic description and bivariately using the Spearman test. Results: The results showed that there was a moderately significant association between SII values and SGOT levels (p=0.010, r=-0.457) as well as ferritin and SGPT (p=007, r=0.475). There was no significant association between SII values and SGPT levels, as shown by a P-value of 0.122. Similarly, there was no association between ferritin and SGOT levels (p=0.088). Conclusion: A moderately significant association was found between SII values and SGOT levels, as well as ferritin levels and SGPT levels in thalassemia major patients. In the case of SII values and SGPT levels, as well as ferritin and SGOT, there was no significant association.

Studies on Smilax perfoliata and Breynia retusa against Experimentally Induced Cancer in Swiss Albino Mice

The anticancer effect of methanolic extracts of Smilax perfoliata roots and Breynia retusa bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated in the present study. The procured plant material was subjected to soxhlet extraction using methanol. Albino mice were divided into 7 groups of 6 mice (n = 6) in each group. Group I served as a control for about 14 days, and groups II to VII were administered EAC cells and the standard drug doxorubicin (0.3, i. p.) and test extracts at two doses 200 &amp; 400 mg/kg daily. On last day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed for antitumor activity, tumor volume, cell viability, mean survival time and life span. Hematological and biochemical parameters were estimated. Liver sections were prepared and examined for histological changes. The antitumor effect of both the test extracts was dose-dependent. The volume of the tumor and cell viability were significantly reduced (**p &amp;LT; 0.001), whereas the mean survival time and life span were raised in a significant manner (**p &amp;LT; 0.001). The hematological parameters such as hemoglobin content, RBC, monocytes and lymphocytes were raised while WBC and neutrophils were reduced significantly (**p &amp;LT; 0.001) and the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), and bilirubin were reduced significantly after the treatment with the test drugs. Histopathological study revealed the restoration of the structure of the liver in the post-treatment animals. It was concluded that the methanolic extract of S. perfoliata roots and B. retusa bark exhibited antitumor activity, which might be due to the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phytosterols, phenolic compounds phytosterols, carbohydrates and tannins. Further investigation of bioactive compounds is needed to confirm the anticancer properties thoroughly.

Red Yeast Rice and Statin Therapy in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and the Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Lipid-Lowering Effects and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Red yeast rice (RYR) is known for its lipid-lowering effects in patients with hypercholesterolemia; however, its comparative efficacy with statins and risk reduction remains uncertain. This retrospective study analyzed data from 337,104 patients with hyperlipidemia in the Chang Gung Research Database cohort, spanning from January 2016 to December 2021. Exclusion criteria were applied to ensure data completeness and compliance, including an age limit of [Formula: see text] years, absence of RYR or statin treatment, and a treatment duration of [Formula: see text] days. Propensity score matching was employed to minimize bias based on baseline factors, with one patient matching with four patients in the comparison group. The study encompassed a total of 5,984 adult hyperlipidemic patients, with 1,197 in the RYR group and 4,787 in the statin group. The patients were also stratified into statin ([Formula: see text]) or combined use ([Formula: see text]) groups for further comparison. Following one year of treatment, both the RYR and statin groups exhibited reductions in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Most biochemical parameters showed no significant differences, except for elevated glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels in the RYR group ([Formula: see text]) and increased glycohemoglobin levels in the statin group at the three-month mark ([Formula: see text]). In patients with comorbid diabetes, hypertension, kidney, or liver diseases, RYR and statins demonstrated comparable risks for emergency room (ER) visits, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). However, the combination of RYR and statins was associated with reduced stroke-related hospitalizations in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease, as well as decreased MI-related hospitalizations in patients with hypertension and kidney disease (all [Formula: see text]). In conclusion, both RYR and statins effectively lower blood lipid levels and mitigate related complications. Combining these therapies may lead to fewer ER visits, reduced stroke frequency, and fewer MI hospitalizations in hypertensive and kidney disease patients, and they decreased all-cause mortality in the kidney disease population. Further research on combined therapy is warranted.

Dietary supplementation of prebiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall promotes growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

ABSTRACT 1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of yeast (S accharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall (YCW) supplementation on the growth performance, carcase characteristics, serum biomarkers, liver function, ileal histology and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). 2. In a 35-d trial, 240 chicks aged 1-d-old were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, each with 10 replicates: control (CON) with no challenge or additives, challenged with C. perfringens (CHAL), CHAL and supplemented with YCW at either 0.25 g/kg (YCW0.25) or 0.5 g/kg (YCW0.5). 3. In comparison to CON, the CHAL birds had reduced growth performance, survival rate, dressing percentage, breast meat yield, levels of total protein (TP), globulin (GLO), glucose (GLU), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), as well as a decreased Lactobacillus population (P < 0.01). Additionally, this group showed elevated levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and C. perfringens count (P < 0.01). Compared to CHAL, the YCW0.25 or YCW0.5 groups had improved growth performance, survival rate, dressing percentage, breast meat yield, levels of TP, GLO, GLU, and T-AOC, as well as the activities of T-SOD, GOT, and GPT, villus height, villus surface area, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and the populations of both Lactobacillus and C. perfringens; (P < 0.01). 4. The data suggested that YCW supplementation at either 0.25 or 0.50 g/kg can restore the growth performance of broiler chickens during a C. perfringens challenge.

Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Mushrooms against Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress Using Animal Model.

The mushrooms oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) and white button (Agaricus bisporus) contain bioactive compounds that have potential beneficial effects on hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, hypolipidemic and antioxidative potential of these mushrooms' extract were explored using hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats as animal model. For the study, 56 adult rats were divided into seven groups, i.e., G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control group), G3 (HC rats with statin drug orally), G4 and G5 (HC rats @ 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of oyster mushroom extracts), and G6 and G7 (HC rats @ 100 and 200 mg/kg BW dose of white button mushroom extracts). The hypercholesterolemia was induced experimentally in fasted rats through a high-fat diet along with injection of triton WR-1339. After 48 h, the treatment groups were given extract for 28 days along with standard diet. At the trial termination, we analyzed the blood sugar levels, antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, and renal function, as well as conducting liver function tests of the rats. The results indicated that positive control group rats exhibited increased levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density level (LDL), and very-low-density level (vLDL) by 19%, 37%, 52%, and 32%, respectively, and 53% decrease in HDL, whereas treatment groups that received 200 mg oyster and white button mushroom extracts reported 15%, 34%, 22% reduction in TC, TG, vLDL, respectively, and 22% improvement in HDL level. The enzyme profiles of different groups showed non-significant differences, although both mushroom extracts provision reduced glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels. Overall, the results indicated that mushroom extracts were helpful in maintaining oxidative stress and have the potential to improve dyslipidemia in the tested rat animal model.

Fasting and meal-related zonulin serum levels in a large cohort of obese children and adolescents.

Zonulin recently emerged as a valuable biological marker to assess the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Nevertheless, data about zonulin in pediatric age are extremely scarce. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum zonulin levels, both fasting and postprandial, with body mass index (BMI) and biochemical markers of insulin resistance (IR), insulin sensitivity, b-cell function and cardio-metabolic risk in obese non-diabetic youths. One hundred and four children and adolescents with obesity (BMI ≥ 2.0 SDS) were enrolled (mean age 11.43 ± 2.66). All the patients underwent clinical and biochemical assessment, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and liver ultrasonography. Zonulin serum levels were measured at fasting state, at 60-minute and 120-minute OGTT timepoint. Impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance were documented in 27.9% and 11.5% of patients, respectively. IR was documented in 69.2% of cases. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 39.4%. Zonulin serum levels significantly increased from baseline to 60-minute and 120-minute OGTT timepoint (p positive correlation between BMI SDS and serum zonulin levels at 120-minute OGTT timepoint (p highlighted a positive association of zonulin fasting levels with IR and glutamicoxalacetic transaminase levels (GOT, p zonulin levels were demonstrated for age, sex, pubertal status, glucose, lipid profile and the other obesity-related parameters. Our results show, for the first time in a pediatric cohort, the meal-related pattern of secretion of serum zonulin, which tends to significantly increase during and at 2-hours postprandial assessment. Even if the underlying mechanisms associating intestinal permeability and obesity have not been fully elucidated yet, our data confirm a close relationship between zonulin concentration and obesity in pediatric population. IR seems to significantly influence zonulin serum levels, thus a central role of IR in this pathway is conceivable.

Intervention effect of Cigu Xiaozhi prescription on ceramide lipoapoptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

To explore the mechanism of the Chinese medicine Cigu Xiaozhi prescription (, CGXZ) in the treatment of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by detoxification and phlegm-reducing, the effect of CGXZ prescription on ceramide-mediated lipid apoptosis in Hep G2 cells with NAFLD. The experiment was randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model group, CGXZ prescription medicated serum high, medium, and low dose groups, and pioglitazone positive control group. Using 500 μmol/L free fatty acid (FFA) mixture to induce Hep G2 cells to establish NAFLD cell model, respectively, with 2%, 4%, and 6% concentration of CGXZ prescription medicated serum intervention for 24 h. The changes in organelles and lipid droplet accumulation were observed under the electron microscope. Furthermore, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling method was used to assay hepatocyte apoptosis; Biochemical determination of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, triglycerides, and FFA levels in Hep G2 cells; the content of ceramide was determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Finally, Western Blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the protein and gene expression levels, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). Under the electron microscope, the cells in the model group showed moderate-to-severe steatosis, and apoptotic bodies could be seen. The model group had greater improvements in the apoptosis rate (P < 0.01), and the levels of ceramide C2 and FFA in the cytoplasm (P < 0.01) than the normal control group. The protein expressions of NF-κB, iNOS, and Bax were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), while the Bcl-2 had no significant change (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of ceramide C2 and FFA (P < 0.01), the protein expressions of NF-κB, iNOS, and Bax (P < 0.05) in the CGXZ prescription treatment group and pioglitazone positive control group were significantly decreased; Only the Bcl-2 protein was significantly up-regulated in the high-dose Chinese medicine group (P < 0.05). The down-regulation of Bax mRNA expression in each Chinese medicine treatment group was significantly better than in the pioglitazone positive control group (P < 0.01). The CGXZ prescription, formulated with the method of detoxification and phlegm, can inhibit lipoapoptosis in the NAFLD cell model by down-regulating the levels of ceramide C2 and FFA, which may be achieved by regulating ceramide/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat.

The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residue (FVMR) in a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet on the fattening effect and rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats were allocated into two groups using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental design. The average initial weight was 22.41 ± 0.90 kg and with 11 goats in each group. The control group (group I) was fed the traditional fermentation total mixed ration (FTMR) diet without FVMR. Group II was fed the 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet. The results showed that compared with group I, the addition of FVMR in the goat diet could reduce the feed cost and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of group II (p < 0.01). Notably, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) were higher in group II (p < 0.01). The levels of growth hormone (GH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in group II were higher than that of group I (p < 0.01), which the level of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was noticeably lower than that of group I (p < 0.01). 30% FVMR in FTMR diets had no effect on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition at the phylum level of Guizhou black male goats (p > 0.05). However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteroidal_bs11_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Desulfovibrio in group II was lower than in group I (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group was higher than in group I (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet improves rumen fermentation and rumen microbial composition in Guizhou black male goats, which improves growth performance, apparent digestibility, and immunity.

Ameliorative Effect of Enhydra fluctuans on Liver Damage in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance cause harm to the liver. In this study, ameliorative effect of Enhydra fluctuans on liver damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were examined.&#x0D; Thirty acclimatized male albino rats divided into six groups (n = 5). Normal rats were fed a standard diet (Group 1); diabetic rats were provided standard feed (Group 2); diabetic rats were fed standard feed and glibenclamide (Group 3); and diabetic rats were fed standard food and fractions of n-hexane E. fluctuans 57.03, 114.06, and 171.09 mg/kg, respectively (Group 4, 5 and 6). For 21 days, rats were fed the n-hexane fraction orally. On day 1 and day 21 of treatments, blood sugar levels were measured. The histophatology of the liver, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) level were estimated.&#x0D; At a dosage of 57.03 mg/kg was substantially (p &lt; 0.05) beneficial in decreasing blood sugar and SGOT. The n-hexane fraction of E. fluctuans ameliorated liver damage in diabetic rats and avoided diabetes complications, according to our findings. As a result, E. fluctuans has a considerable amount of potential as a novel diabetic therapy.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Diabetes, Enhydra fluctuans, Insulin resistance, Liver cells regeneration.

Changes in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 during rat physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy

BackgroundPhysiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are important pathophysiological processes of adult congenital heart disease-associated ventricular hypertrophy. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is a vital marker of myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the changes in GOT levels during physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats.MethodsRNA-seq analysis and colorimetric methods were used to evaluate the changes in GOT mRNA and activity, respectively. GOT2 protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Hematoxylin-eosin and wheat germ agglutinin methods were used to observe changes in rat cardiomyocyte morphology.ResultsIn juvenile rat hearts, GOT mRNA expression and activity, and GOT2 protein level increased with age-related physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; however, GOT2 protein level was reduced in hypoxia-induced pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.ConclusionsGOT2 may regulate physiological and pathological myocardial hypertrophy in rats. We speculated that the low GOT2 level contributed to the rapid occurrence of pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, causing strong plasticity of right ventricular cardiomyocytes in the early postnatal period and heart failure in adulthood.

Relationship Between Xylene, Rq Xylene Concentration And Heart Function In Industrial Workers In Surabaya

Background Xylene is an organic solvent that is often used by industrial workers. Some industries that require xylene include the painting, printing, and shoe industries. In general, this enters the body through the inhalation pathway, namely the inhalation of xylene vapors while working. Methods Observational analytic research is conducted by looking at the relationship test with calculations using the chi-square method. The study was conducted in five regions in Surabaya, namely Kalijudan, Ketintang, Jemursari, AUP, and Romokalisari. The population includes a total of 90 workers with 77 of them taken as samples using the accidental sampling method. Results The results show that there is a relationship between xylene concentration and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) levels (p&gt; 0.05) and there is no relationship between xylene concentrations and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels (p&gt; 0.05). There was no relationship between RQ and SGOT levels (p&gt; 0.05) and there was no relationship between RQ and SGPT levels (p&gt; 0.05). However, from the calculation of the prevalence ratio, workers with unsafe RQ (RQ&gt;1) have a 7.09x greater chance of experiencing damage to SGOT levels and a 1.06x greater chance to experience damage to SGPT levels. Conclusions Based on these results, the industry is encouraged to provide nutritious food intake that can help excrete xylene from the body of the worker. Xylene concentration and RQ may play a role in the potential damage to SGOT and SGPT levels in workers.

Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on renal and liver function markers among healthy overweight and obese males: A prospective cohort study

Intermittent fasting (IF) has garnered attention for its potential to promote health and combat chronic diseases. This study focused on the effects of Ramadan fasting, a form of IF observed by Muslims, on renal and liver function markers, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake in healthy overweight and obese men. The study involved 60 participants from Hargeisa, Somaliland, with an average age of 40.01 ± 7.99 years. Results revealed significant reductions in body weight (P ≤ 0.001), waist circumference (P ≤ 0.001), and body mass index (P ≤ 0.001) after Ramadan fasting. Urea levels decreased significantly (P = 0.003), and though creatinine levels showed a non-significant decrease, uric acid levels increased significantly within the normal range (P ≤ 0.001). Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) levels decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001), while glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels remained stable. Dietary analysis indicated a significant decrease in total carbohydrates (P = 0.023), proteins (P = 0.006), and dietary cholesterol intake (P ≤ 0.001). These findings suggest that Ramadan fasting positively impacts anthropometric and renal-liver function markers in healthy overweight and obese men. The study contributes to the expanding understanding of intermittent fasting's potential health benefits, emphasizing the importance of considering Ramadan fasting as a preventive approach for metabolic disorders. Further research should explore long-term effects, mechanistic insights, and personalized clinical applications, while public health initiatives could educate individuals about safe and informed fasting practices.