Levels Of Family Social Support Research Articles

The Influence of Assertiveness and Social Support from Families of Social Rehabilitation Program Participants on Islamic Communication Skills in Medan Class 1 Penitentiary

Social rehabilitation program, conveying religious messages and maintaining crucial aspects of religion and society. Effective communication is needed to build good relationships with other people, convey opinions and aspirations, and resolve conflicts with social rehabilitation program participants. This research aims to see the influence of assertive communication and social support from families of social rehabilitation participants on Islamic communication skills in the Class 1 Penitentiary in Medan. Based on the results of the research and discussion, several conclusions can be drawn as follows: First, assertiveness influences the Islamic communication skills of Social Rehabilitation Program Participants in Medan Class 1 Penitentiary. The results of this research identify that the better the level of assertiveness a person has, the Islamic communication skills of the inmates of class I Penitentiary in Medan will improve. Second, family social support influences the Islamic communication skills of Social Rehabilitation Program Participants in Medan Class 1 Penitentiary. The results of this research identify that the better the level of family social support received by a prison inmate will improve the Islamic communication skills of class I Medan Penitentiary inmates. Third, assertiveness and Social Support together have a significant effect on Islamic Communication Skills in Medan Class 1 Penitentiary, Participants in the Social Rehabilitation Program.

Correlation analysis of mental toughness, family social support, and anxiety of nursing staff.

This study aims to explore the impact of family social support affects anxiety levels and mental toughness among nursing staff, and to identify the pathways of how mental toughness develops. We selected 256 nursing staff from the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing family social support, anxiety level and mental toughness of the nursing staff. The questionnaires included the general information questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Then, we analyzed the correlation between nursing staff' family social support, anxiety symptoms and mental toughness by using Pearson correlation. Finally, we analyzed the effect of family social support on mental toughness and anxiety levels by using linear regression, and analyzed the path of family social support and psychological toughness on anxiety symptoms by using structural equation modeling. We finally collected 246 valid questionnaires with a valid recovery rate of 96.09%. 116 (47.15%) nursing staff reported a moderate level of family social support, with a mean PSSS score of (58.98 ± 7.64). Anxiety risk was identified in 43.39% of participants, with a mean SAS score of 50.47 ± 10.96. In terms of mental toughness, 104 (42.28%) nursing staff exhibited a low level of mental toughness, and 116 (47.15%) demonstrated moderate level of mental toughness with CD-RISC score of (58.23 ± 10.12). Correlation analyses revealed a strong negative correlation between the family social support, mental toughness and their anxiety (r = -0.586, -0.516, respectively), and a strong positive correlation between family social support and mental toughness (r = 0.571). Regression analysis showed that family social support was a significant negative predictor for anxiety (β = -0.841, t = -9.488), but a significant positive predictor for mental toughness (β = 0.756, t = 11.669). Mediation analysis indicated that mental toughness mediated 26.28% of the relationship between family social support and anxiety levels. Family social support can significantly reduce anxiety levels in nursing staff directly, as well as indirectly by increasing mental toughness.

Influence of the Level of Family Social Support of Student Mothers on the Psychological Wellbeing, Egerton University, Kenya

In pursuit of intimate relationships, students in Kenyan Universities end up getting pregnant before completing their undergraduate degree programmes. Upon giving birth, the students have to balance between the roles of motherhood and attend to student obligations. Striking a balance between the dual roles becomes a challenge to majority of the student mothers. The strain involved in balancing the roles results into psychosocial challenges. Some of these challenges include; level of participation in student activities, level of interpersonal relationships, level of family social support and motherhood stigmatization. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of selected psychosocial challenges and coping strategies on the psychological wellbeing of student mothers among undergraduate students at Egerton University, Kenya. This study was guided by role conflict theory and the strain theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 91 respondents comprising of 82 student mothers, eight student counselors and one Dean of Students.Census sampling method was used to select the entire population. Data was collected using close-ended questionnaire for student mothers and interview schedule for student counselors and the Dean of Students. The instruments were validated by two supervisors and discipline research experts from the Faculty of Education and Community. The reliability analysis was based on a pilot study that was conducted in Maseno University involving eight student mothers. From the pilot study, the study revealed that the overall questionnaire reliability with 43 items was 0.838. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze data. The study found out that there was statistically significance influence on the level of participation of student mothers in student activities (β=0.217, р <0.05), interpersonal relationships (β=0.188, р <0.05), family social support (β=0.261, р <0.05), coping strategies (β=0.125, р <0.05) and motherhood stigmatization (β= - 0.203, р <0.05) on the psychological wellbeing of student mothers at 5% significance level. The study recommended development of a special counseling program for student mothers on personal, academic, social and psychological issue. Keywords: Interpersonal relationships, Stigmatization, Psychological wellbeing; coping, Strategies and family social support. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-29-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

The Level of Family Social Support Among Parolees in Malaysia

Family harmonious and willingness to accept after-released prisoners affect positively on their rehabilitation and well-being. Considering that, this study aims to measure the social support level of parolees received from their families in Malaysia. Hence, quantitative survey was conducted using cross-sectional design for sampling. A total of 280 parolees were under supervision program by Prison Department in Peninsular Malaysia had been selected as respondents. The data obtained and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The study found that parolees received social support as follows: 54.6 per cent moderate, 37.5 per cent high level, and 7.9 per cent low level. The parolees found rehabilitation process as encouraging as well as motivational to re-integrate them in a society. This paper also discuss some suggestions for optimizing family social support for ex-prisoners towards becoming someone who are more independent and valuable to their family and society in the future.

الدعم الاجتماعی الأسری لدى مریضات السرطان (دراسة وصفیة تحلیلیة على عینة من مریضات السرطان)

المستخلص تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة مستوى الدعم الاجتماعي الأسري لمريضات السرطان, و الکشف عن الفروق الدالة إحصائيا في مستوى الدعم الاجتماعي الأسري تبعا لبعض المتغيرات الخاصة بمريضات السرطان, وهي دراسة وصفية تعتمد على منهج المسح الاجتماعي, کما اعتمدت على أداة الاستبانة في جمع البيانات, وطبقت على عينة قوامها (191) مريضة مصابة بالسرطان, وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الدعم الاجتماعي الأسري لدى مريضات السرطان جاء مرتفعا, وأن هناک فروق دالة إحصائيا بين مستويات الدعم الاجتماعي تعزى للمتغيرات التالية (المؤهل العلمي, مدة الإصابة بالمرض), بينما لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى الدعم الاجتماعي الأسري لمتغير(العمر). Abstract The current study aims to know the level of family social support for women cancer patients, and to reveal statistically significant differences of the level of family social support according to some variables for cancer patients. This study is a descriptive study based on a social survey approach, and it was relied on the questionnaire tool in collecting data from a sample of (191) cancer patients. The results of the study showed that the family social support among women cancer patients is high, and that there are statistically significant differences between the levels of social support for the following variables (academic qualification, duration of disease), while there are no statistically significant differences in the family social support level for the variable (age).

Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Keluarga dengan Perilaku Perawatan Diri pada Klien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kaliwates, Jember

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that can cause various chronic complications and they can be minimized by self-care. One of the factors that affect self-care in diabetic clients is family social support. The aim of the research was to analyze the correlation between family social support and self care behavior client with T2DM)in the area of Kaliwates public health center, Jember. This research applied an observational analytic design with cross-sectional approach. A total of 84 respondents were enrolled in this study by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used the HDFSS (Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale) and SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activity) questionnaires, it conducted on January 7th-22nd 2019. The data analysis used Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05.The result showed that median of the family social support was 86 with a minimum value of 69 and a maximum value of 106, whereas the mean value of self-care behaviour was 2,27 days with a standard deviation of 0.45 days. There was a significant positive correlation between family sosial support and self-care behaviour (p value: 0.001; r; +0.378), meaning that the higher the level of family social support the better the self-care behaviour. This study suggests the importance of assessing family social support to improve self-care in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Racial Discrimination and Psychological Distress among African American Adolescents: Investigating the Social Support Deterioration Model

Despite ample evidence of the negative effects of racial discrimination on African American adolescents’ psychological well-being, less is known about the role of social support as a mechanistic pathway. The purpose of this study was to understand whether lower levels of family social support explained the link between racial discrimination and psychological distress by testing the social support deterioration model. A sample of 401 African American adolescents from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods was used for this study. Adolescents self-reported on whether they experienced racial discrimination or worried about racial discrimination across several contexts; their receipt of social support from their family; and measures of psychological distress. Adolescents experiencing or worrying about racial discrimination in one to three contexts reported lower levels of family social support relative to adolescents not experiencing or worrying about racial discrimination experiences in any context, and in turn associated with higher levels of psychological distress. In contrast, relative to adolescents reporting no racial discrimination experiences or worries, family social support was not a significant mediator for adolescents experiencing or worrying about racial discrimination in more than four contexts. These findings suggest that the path by which racial discrimination is linked to psychological distress varies by the number of contexts by which adolescents experience or worry about racial discrimination. Adolescents experiencing fewer instances of racial discrimination may not receive or perceive the familial support they need to combat the negative mental health effects of racial discrimination.

Perceived social support, problematic drug use behaviors, and depression among prescription drugs-misusing young men who have sex with men.

This study examined the relationship of perceived social support with problematic drug use behaviors and depression among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). A diverse sample of 191 substance-using YMSM (aged 18-29 years) reported on perceived social support, high-risk drug use behaviors (i.e., polydrug use and use of drugs before sex in the past 6 months, and lifetime injection drug use), and depression. Associations were examined using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Participants receiving higher levels of family social support were at lower odds of reporting polydrug use, drug use before sex, and depressive symptomology. Individuals with higher levels of friends' social support were at lower odds of reporting polydrug use, drug use before sex, and depression. Participants receiving higher levels of support from a special other were at lower odds of reporting depression. Intervention efforts should address YMSM's capacity to build supportive relationships and obtain adequate social support.

Co-development of Problem Gambling and Depression Symptoms in Emerging Adults: A Parallel-Process Latent Class Growth Model.

This study examines whether there are multiple joint trajectories of depression and problem gambling co-development in a sample of emerging adults. Data were from the Manitoba Longitudinal Study of Young Adults (n=679), which was collected in 4 waves across 5years (age 18-20 at baseline). Parallel process latent class growth modeling was used to identified 5 joint trajectory classes: low decreasing gambling, low increasing depression (81%); low stable gambling, moderate decreasing depression (9%); low stable gambling, high decreasing depression (5%); low stable gambling, moderate stable depression (3%); moderate stable problem gambling, no depression (2%). There was no evidence of reciprocal growth in problem gambling and depression in any of the joint classes. Multinomial logistic regression analyses of baseline risk and protective factors found that only neuroticism, escape-avoidance coping, and perceived level of family social support were significant predictors of joint trajectory class membership. Consistent with the pathways model framework, we observed that individuals in the problem gambling only class were more likely using gambling as a stable way to cope with negative emotions. Similarly, high levels of neuroticism and low levels of family support were associated with increased odds of being in a class with moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms (but low gambling problems). The results suggest that interventions for problem gambling and/or depression need to focus on promoting more adaptive coping skills among more "at-risk" young adults, and such interventions should be tailored in relation to specific subtypes of comorbid mental illness.

Bullying, Social Support, and Psychological Distress: Findings From RELACHS Cohorts of East London's White British and Bangladeshi Adolescents

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to test whether bullying in adolescents relates to poor mental health and whether social support mitigated this effect. MethodsIn 2001, 28 schools in East London were randomly selected for surveys of two representative mixed ability classes: year 7 (11–12 years) and year 9 (13–14 years). Repeated measures were obtained from the same pupils 2 years later, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (total difficulties score [TDS]) as a measure of psychological distress. A simple one-level random intercepts model with measurements nested within pupils was used to investigate the effects of bullying and social support from friends and family on TDS. We also assessed whether culturally congruent friendships offered a mental health advantage. ResultsBullying was associated with a higher mean TDS (coefficient, 95% confidence interval: White British: 2.15, 1.41–2.88; Bangladeshi: 1.65, .91–2.4); a high level of family social support was associated with a lower TDS (White British: −2.36, −3.33 to −1.39; Bangladeshi: −2.34, −3.15 to −.149). Social support from friends was helpful for White British adolescents (−1.06, −2.07 to −.04). Culturally congruent friendships offered no general advantage. ConclusionBullying is associated with psychological distress; family social support is independently associated with less psychological distress.

Differential Adjustment Among Rural Adolescents Exposed to Family Violence.

This study examines differences in psychological adjustment in a sample of rural adolescents who have been exposed to family violence. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 580 adolescents and their primary caregivers. The results revealed that over two thirds of the study participants (68.8%) had been exposed to violence in their families. As hypothesized, cluster analysis identified several profiles among adolescents, distinguished by their psychological and emotional functioning: well adjusted (46.2%), moderately adjusted (44.3%), and struggling (9.5%). Discriminant function analysis confirmed the groupings and revealed that family functioning was among the most influential factors explaining adjustment differences. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) further showed that adolescents from each of the three adjustment profiles reported significantly different levels of family social support, parental involvement, and perceived neighborhood safety. Overall, the results confirm heterogeneity of adolescent adaptation in the aftermath of family violence and provide insights into family and neighborhood factors that account for variability in adolescents' reactions to violence. Implications for future research and practical interventions are discussed.

Effects of Economic Disruptions on Alcohol Use and Problems: Why Do African Americans Fare Worse?

This study tested a model of the effects of recession-related job loss on alcohol use disorder (AUD) and examined why African Americans who lost their jobs during the 2008-2009 recession were at increased risk for AUD relative to Whites. We hypothesized that (a) job loss would be positively associated with psychological distress (i.e., higher levels of depressive symptoms) and increased drunkenness, and (b) low levels of family social support and experiences of racial stigma would exacerbate the effects of job loss on distress, especially among African Americans and Hispanics. Data were drawn from the 2010 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (NAS), a cross-sectional survey of the U.S. general population. Using data from the 2010 NAS (telephone survey of 1,111 African American, 964 Hispanic, and 3,133 White adults), we conducted simultaneous path modeling in Mplus to test mediation and moderation hypotheses. Our key outcome was AUD as measured by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Recession-related job loss was significantly associated with AUD through its effects on increased drunkenness, and the associations were positive for Whites, stronger for African Americans than Whites, and nonexistent for Hispanics. Job loss was associated with distress in the overall sample, and distress was positively associated with drunkenness among African Americans only, suggesting that distress is another pathway by which job loss affects AUD among African Americans. Higher levels of family social support mitigated the effects of job loss on psychological distress, and this relationship did not differ by race/ethnicity. During economic downturns, increased stress and heavy drinking are important pathways through which recession-related job loss can lead to greater AUD among African Americans relative to Whites.

Contributions of family and neighbourhood factors to the mental health of migrant children in China: implications for policy and services

Drawing upon a sample of 806 migrant children in Beijing, China, this study investigated how community social capital, family social support, family human capital and family financial capital influenced the mental health of Chinese migrant children. Using structural equation modelling with latent variables, the study results suggested that higher levels of family social support were associated with better mental health of migrant children. Family social support also mediated the effect of community social capital on children's mental health. Family human capital and family financial capital both contributed to children's mental health through their significant effects on community social capital. However, family financial capital was negatively associated with family social support, resulting in an unexpected, indirect negative effect on children's mental health. Implications of these findings for social policy and social services were discussed.

Pengelolaan Stres pada Keluarga Korban Bencana Longsor di Kabupaten Bogor

This research focused to analyze family stress management of landslide’s victims of Banyuwangi village, Bogor District. This research used cross-sectional design, involved 100 families who became the victims of Banyuwangi village’s landslides as samples. Results showed that s tressors which gave the greatest impact on family life wereintrafamily and finances/business strains . The correlation test showed the higher the level of finances and business strains, work transitions and strains, the lower the level of family hardiness and the higher the level of family stress . Meanwhile, the higher the level of marital strains, the lower the level of family coherence and the higher the level of family stress. The higher the level of family social support, then the higher the level of family coherence and family coping strategy. The regression test indicated that family stress of landslide’s victim was influenced by stressor, family hardiness, and coping strategy focused on problem.

An investigation of adolescents' substance use behaviors, depressed affect, and suicidal behaviors.

Data from a four-wave panel design of 975 adolescents were used to study inter-relationships among suicidal behaviors, depressive symptoms, and substance use behaviors. Persistently high levels of problem drinking and depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Higher levels of depressive symptoms and greater cigarette and illicit drug use distinguished suicidal ideators from attempters. Adolescents attempting suicide reported lower levels of family social support, a greater use of substances to cope with stressors, and a higher density of substance-using peers. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions with high-risk teens are discussed.

Children's experience of life stress: The role of family social support and social problem-solving skills as protective factors

Examined the role of family social support and social problem-solving skills in moderating the effects of children's stressful life events on behavioral adjustment. Participants were 322 fourth and fifth graders who reported on their stressful experiences during the past year. Children from both regular education (RE) or special education (SE) classrooms were included in the sample. Additional self-report data from children also included measures related to perceived level of family social support, a personality questionnaire, and a social problem-solving measure. In addition, teachers provided reports of the children's behavior and adjustment. Main effects were found for total stress, school/peer stress, family social support, and social problem solving. Significant moderator effects were found for family support on total stress for the teacher-reported internalizing problems of RE students and for family support on school/peer stress on the teacher-reported externalizing problems and self-reported anxiety problems of SE students. Specific, theory-generated hypotheses are discussed as a more effective method of examining relations between stress and various moderator variables.