Levels Of Essential Nutrients Research Articles

Study of the nutritional quality of peas (Pisum sativum L.) under different conservation conditions

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are among the most widely cultivated legumes, known for their adaptability to dry and warm environments and their high nutritional value. This research aimed to investigate the biochemical diversity of proteins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant activity in a local population of peas from the Mareth oasis in Tunisia under different preservation methods: fresh, frozen, canned, and dried. The hypothesis was that preservation methods significantly impact the nutritional quality of peas, with fresh peas retaining the highest levels of essential nutrients. The results showed that fresh peas had superior nutritional quality, demonstrating the highest concentrations of protein (39 mg/g MF), polyphenols (0.17 mg GAE/g MF), flavonoids (0.086 mg QE/mg MF), and antioxidants (52%). In contrast, dried peas exhibited the lowest nutrient levels, particularly in protein and antioxidant activity. The study highlighted that freezing is an effective method for preserving the nutritional integrity of peas compared to canning and drying, which significantly reduce essential nutrient levels. Understanding the effects of various preservation techniques is crucial for maintaining the nutritional quality of peas. These findings have significant implications for consumers and the food industry, advocating for practices that prioritize the retention of nutrients in preserved peas. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on food preservation methods and their impact on nutritional quality, providing insights that support better choices in food processing and consumption.

Relative Expression of a Salinity Stress‐Responsive Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHX) in Root and Leaf Tissues of the African Leafy Vegetable, Amaranthus dubius

ABSTRACTAmaranthus dubius, an African leafy vegetable (ALV), is an easy‐to‐grow, annual shrub and a highly nutritious food source, containing elevated levels of essential nutrients in the leaves. Many ALVs, including A. dubius, can tolerate salinity stress, enabling their cultivation on marginal land. However, the widespread propagation of A. dubius as a stable food source has thus far not been realised due partially to the high frequency at which hybridisation occurs, resulting in high genotypic and phenotypic variability. Therefore, to increase the agricultural output capacity of this species on salt‐affected marginal lands, it is important to screen, select and then clonally propagate the identified salinity‐tolerant genotypes to ensure true‐to‐type fidelity in the regenerated population. It is also important, thereafter, to elucidate their underlying gene expression of the stress response. The present study exposed 4‐week‐old A. dubius seedlings to 100, 200 and 400 mM NaCl to determine their degree of salt tolerance. Genotypes were then screened, selected and clonally propagated through cuttings, based on high growth rates and biomass, and salt tolerance. Generally, growth and physiological parameters decreased as substrate salinity increased. However, individual salt‐stressed genotypes demonstrated similar vigour to nonstressed plants and were able to maintain total protein and chlorophyll concentrations despite increasing salinity. The relative expression of an NHX1‐like transcript was quantified in 15 genotypes using degenerately primed real‐time qPCR. The relative expression of the putative NHX1 gene was 6.7 times greater in root tissues of seedlings treated with 400 mM NaCl (10.7 ± 1.8) compared to the roots of untreated seedlings (1.6 ± 1.3), and 2.8‐fold more than leaf tissues harvested from seedlings treated with 400 mM NaCl. Furthermore, the relative electrical conductivity (EC) of root tissues was 10 times greater than the EC of leaf tissues from the same 400 mM NaCl treatment. Numerous genotypes yielded similar chlorophyll content between 200 and 400 mM NaCl treatments, with genotypes salinity‐1 (S1) (3.5 ± 0.2 μg/cm2) and S34 (4.0 ± 0.4 μg/cm2) having the highest concentrations of chlorophyll in the 400 mM group, which was positively correlated with total protein content. Following micropropagation through direct organogenesis, selected clones maintained true‐to‐type traits such as similar chlorophyll, protein and NHX1‐like expression as their parent plants when exposed to 400 mM NaCl. This study revealed that some genotypes demonstrated salt stress tolerance capabilities rivalling established halophytes by regulating the constitutive or inducible expression of an NHX1‐like protein in roots and leaves. The correlation between protein content and NHX1‐like expression was nonlinear and nonproportional, demonstrating the complexity of this response and necessitating further exploration of specific protein families or functional groups conferring salinity tolerance in this species.

Basic nutrients and UPLC- ZenoTOF-MS/MS based lipomics analysis of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. varieties

This study conducted a comparison of the nutritional content and lipid composition of five different varieties of quinoa (QL-1, SJ-1, SJ-2, KL-1, and KL-2) from Qinghai Province, China. Each of the five varieties exhibited varying levels of essential nutrients, including crude protein, dietary fiber, and crude fat. The QL-1 variety has the highest concentration of phytic acid, measuring 1.66 g/100 g. A non-targeted lipomics analysis discovered a total of 16 lipid categories and 383 individual lipids in quinoa. Out of the several substances, glyceride had the highest concentration, exceeding 70%, with phospholipids coming next. The percentage of fatty acids and fatty acid esters was between 5 and 11%. The glycerides in all five kinds exhibited a similar composition, with unsaturated glycerides constituting over 99% of the total glycerides. Phospholipids constituted over 11% of the overall lipid content, with lecithin comprising more than 80% and cephalin ranging from 16.70 to 18.61%. The results establish a solid basis for the utilization of quinoa in processing, particularly in lipid processing.Graphical

Trace Metals in Phytoplankton: Requirements, Function, and Composition in Harmful Algal Blooms

In a constantly changing environment brought about by the climate crisis and escalated anthropogenic perturbations driven by the growing population, harmful algal bloom dynamics and their impacts are expected to shift, necessitating adaptive management strategies and comprehensive research efforts. Similar to primary productivity, HABs have been thought to be driven primarily by major nutrients such as N, P, and Si. However, recent investigations on the role and importance of micronutrients as limiting factors in aquatic environments have been highlighted. This paper provides a review of metal and phytoplankton interactions, with a specific emphasis on pertinent information on the influence of trace nutrients on growth, toxin production, and other underlying mechanisms related to the dynamics of HABs. Low to near-depleted levels of essential nutrients, including Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Co, and Mo, negatively impact cell growth and proliferation of various marine and freshwater HAB species. However, evidence shows that at elevated levels, these trace elements, along with other non-essential ones, could still cause toxic effects to certain HAB species manifested by decreased photosynthetic activities, oxidative stress, ultrastructure damage, and cyst formation. Interestingly, while elevated levels of these metals mostly result in increased toxin production, Co (i.e., yessotoxins, gymnodimine, and palytoxins) and Mn (i.e., isodomoic acid, okadaic and diol esters) enrichments revealed otherwise. In addition to toxin production, releasing dissolved organic matter (DOM), including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humic substances, was observed as an adaptation strategy, since these organic compounds have been proven to chelate metals in the water column, thereby reducing metal-induced toxicity. Whilst current research centers on free metal toxicity of specific essential elements such as Cu and Zn, a comprehensive account of how trace metals contribute to the growth, toxin production, and other metabolic processes under conditions reflective of in situ scenarios of HAB-prone areas would yield new perspectives on the roles of trace metals in HABs. With the growing demands of the global population for food security and sustainability, substantial pressure is exerted on the agriculture and aquaculture sector, highlighting the need for effective communication of information regarding the interactions of macro- and micronutrients with HABs to improve existing policies and practices.

Vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and major haemato-chemical parameters in patients with mood disorders

IntroductionThe potential involvement of the immune and inflammatory systems has been extensively studied in mood disorders (MDs). Despite these findings and despite the fact that the pathogenetic role of altered immunologic and metabolic profiles in MDs is being confirmed in many current studies, there is still a lack of consensus about it, due to controversial results.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to appraise peripheral metabolic parameters (blood glucose, lipoproteins, triglycerides, uric acid, blood urea nitroge [BUN], transaminases and others9 and plasma/serum levels of essential nutrients (vitamin D, B12, folate and homocysteine) in a group of inpatients affected by MDs, as compared with healthy controls.MethodsMethods. Ten ml of venous blood was drawn from fasting subjects. The metabolic parameters and vitamins were measured according to common clinical-chemistry methods.Comparisons for continuous variables were performed by the Student’s t-test for variables that follow a normal distribution, and by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for variables not normally distributed. The correlations between biological markers were explored by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient or Spearman rank correlation.Results Most patients showed loer circulating vitamin D levels, in respect to both control subjects (P< .0001) and the normative cut-off values. This finding was paralleled by increased serum homocysteine concentrations i (P<.0001), indicating an imbalance in their methionine metabolism. Homocysteine levels were negatively correlated with vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate in control subjects, but not in patients. In addition, patients displayed higher blood glucose and lower BUN than controls, indicating an impaired protein-to-carbohydrate metabolism and/or altered nutritional/dietary status.ConclusionsWe provide herein further support to the notion that MD patients are a population where vitamin deficits, dysmetabolism and/or dietary defects are common feature, and, s such, they might be more vulnerable to a variety of somatic illnesses than the general population. This cross-sectional investigation, albeit preliminary, might contribute to improve the characterization and the monitoring of the clinical status of mood disorder patients, as well as to identify new molecular targets for more tailored treatments ad of more pointed health-care intervention,Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Agriculture Soil Nutrition Auto Sprayer

Modern agriculture demands precise management of soil nutrition to optimize crop yield and minimize resource wastage. This presents a smart agriculture solution that utilizes an NPK sensor to monitor and regulate the levels of essential nutrients - Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) in soil. The system is designed to automatically adjust nutrient levels when they fall below optimal values. Integrating NPK sensors in agriculture soil nutrition management represents a significant advancement in precision farming. These sensors are designed to detect the levels of the essential nutrients in the soil accurately. When the nutrient levels fall below optimal thresholds, a signal is sent to open the corresponding solenoid valve, allowing for the precise application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers. Solar panels are considered a clean energy source because they do not produce harmful emissions of greenhouse gases during electricity generation. They rely solely on sunlight, which is an abundant and renewable resource An LCD provides real-time information to farmers, offering insights into nutrient levels and helping them make informed decisions about fertilization.

Potato Biofortification: A Systematic Literature Review on Biotechnological Innovations of Potato for Enhanced Nutrition

Potato biofortification is a comprehensive approach aimed at enhancing the nutritional content of potatoes, addressing widespread nutrient deficiencies and contributing to global food security. This systematic review examines the existing literature on various aspects of potato biofortification, encompassing genetic, agronomic, and biotechnological strategies. The review highlights the nutritional significance of potatoes, emphasizing their role as a staple food in many regions. Genetic approaches to biofortification involve the identification and use of natural variations in potato germplasm to develop varieties with elevated levels of essential nutrients. This includes targeting key micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, and vitamins, through traditional breeding methods. The review explores the genetic diversity within potato germplasm and the potential for breeding programs to develop nutrient-rich varieties. Agronomic practices play a crucial role in potato biofortification, with studies demonstrating the impact of tuber priming and the application of mineral fertilizers on nutrient concentrations in potatoes. The review delves into the intricacies of agronomic biofortification, emphasizing the importance of precise dosages and timing for optimal results. Biotechnological tools, including transgenic and non-transgenic approaches, are discussed in the context of potato biofortification. The review evaluates the efficiency and ethical considerations associated with the development of biofortified transgenic potatoes and emphasizes the significance of non-transgenic approaches in addressing consumer concerns and regulatory barriers. Overall, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of potato biofortification research. It synthesizes findings from diverse studies, offering insights into the potential of biofortified potatoes to address hidden hunger and contribute to improved nutritional outcomes. This review also identifies knowledge gaps and areas for future research, guiding the direction of efforts to harness the full potential of potato biofortification for global food and nutrition security.

Studies on Impact and Opinion of Organic Food Products of Human Life during Covid-19

Organic food has become useful nowadays and every person know the benefits and effect of the organic products. Organic food products Opinion of consumer price and quality of organic food products during Covid-19 49.2% respondents give the opening organic food is good and health effective other conventional food products standard deviations 1.9. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on various aspects of human life, including dietary choices and health concerns. As people have become increasingly conscious of their health and well-being, the demand for organic food products has surged.Organic food products have gained popularity for several reasons. Firstly, they are perceived as being healthier and more nutritious than conventionally produced foods, as they are cultivated without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. During the pandemic, individuals have shown a heightened awareness of the need to bolster their immune systems, leading to a greater interest in organic foods believed to contain fewer chemical residues and potentially higher levels of essential nutrients. Secondly, the pandemic has accentuated the importance of food safety and security. With disruptions in the global food supply chain, people have turned to locally-sourced and organic foods as a means of ensuring a steady supply of high-quality, uncontaminated products. Many have come to value transparency and traceability associated with organic food production, as it offers a sense of control and security in uncertain times. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of industrial agriculture and the associated environmental concerns. Consumers have become more conscious of the environmental impact of their food choices and have turned to organic products, which often have lower carbon footprints, support sustainable farming practices, and promote biodiversity. This abstract highlights the opinion people about organic food products in human life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has led to an increased focus on health, food safety, and sustainability, organic foods have emerged as a preferred choice for many consumers, reflecting a broader shift towards more conscious and conscientious eating habits.

Integrated management of fruit trees and Bletilla striata: implications for soil nutrient profiles and microbial community structures.

Forest medicinal compound systems in agroforestry ecosystems represent a multi-layered cultivation approach that utilizes forest resources efficiently. However, research on how these systems affect soil nutrients and microbial communities is limited. This study compared the soil chemical properties and microbial communities of Bletilla striata (C) grown alone versus in agroforestry systems with apple (PB), pear (LB), and peach trees (TB), aiming to understand the impact of these systems on soil health and microbial diversity. Soil in the GAB systems showed increased levels of essential nutrients but lower pH and ammonium nitrogen levels compared to the control. Significant improvements in organic matter, total phosphorus, and total potassium were observed in TB, PB, and LB systems, respectively. The bacterial diversity increased in GAB systems, with significant changes in microbial phyla indicative of a healthier soil ecosystem. The correlation between soil properties and bacterial communities was stronger than with fungal communities. Integrating B. striata with fruit trees enhances soil nutrients and microbial diversity but may lead to soil acidification. Adjustments such as using controlled-release fertilizers and soil amendments like lime could mitigate negative impacts, improving soil health in GAB systems.

The levels of essential nutrients and nonessential metals in different varieties of teff produced in Hidabu Abote Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Ethiopia is the world's largest producer of teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc). This research was intended to determine the levels of mineral nutrients (metals and nonmetals) and nonessential metals in the grains of teff. Following the optimization of the method, the samples were wet-digested using reagents (5-mL HNO3 and 1-mL HClO4) at a temperature of 230°C for two and a half hours and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Under the optimum procedure, the coefficients of determination (R 2) ranged between .9980 and .9999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.036-14.49 and 0.111-43.93 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 80.72% to 107.79%, indicating that the method was accurate. The optimized and validated method was applied to quantify the levels of analytes in the teff samples. The overall mean concentrations of the analytes in the three varieties of teff samples were determined (mg/kg) to be in the order P (3890-4853) > K (3040-3784) > Ca (1906-1959) > Mg (1402-1698) > Fe (128-305) > Mn (64-127.8) > Na (50-136.5) > Zn (19.8-27.3) > B (1.8-21.9) > Cu (4.17-6.9) > Ni (2.6-4.05) > Hg (1.8-4.0) > Pb (0.048-3.7) > Cd (0.012-2.09) > As (0.02-0.24), with a % RSD ranging between 0.017 and 11.1. The results revealed that teff grains are a good source of minerals and contain a significant amount of toxic elements, such as Cd, Hg, Pb, and As.

PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS DAN MIKORIZA UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI KESUBURAN TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN SERTA PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata)

Inceptisols dominate Indonesia's land area; therefore, future utilization needs to be maximized, especially land that has undergone extensive tillage continuously. Inceptisols have low levels of essential nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. One of the efforts that can be made to improve nutrient content is the application of compost. This study aimed to investigate the effect of compost combined with mycorrhiza on total N, available P, exchangeable K, and soil organic C, as well as the growth and yield of sweet corn. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with three replications. Each observation parameter was analyzed using the F test at the 5% level. Parameters that significantly affected the F test were followed by the DMRT test at the 5% level. All observed data were tested for correlation using SPSS V24 to see the relationship between observation parameters. The results showed that the application of a combination of compost and mycorrhizae increased total N content by 78.7%, available P by 26.6%, soil organic C by 29.54%, plant height by 143.87cm, number of leaves by 11.33 leaves, and cob weight by 294.33 g compared to control. The correlation test showed that applying a combination of compost and mycorrhiza affected N in the soil, so the growth and yield of corn were higher.

Microwave-Supported Modulation of Functional Characteristics of Gluten-Free Breads

Currently, the market for gluten-free products is experiencing a significant growth due to, mainly, the increase in the number of gluten-intolerant patients diagnosed and to the merging of a new niche market for consumers who optionally avoid gluten. Native flours are perceived as viable alternatives for industrially used starch and hydrocolloids blends, which lack in the vitamins and minerals that are in abundance in non-refined raw materials. This study delves into the potential of microwave technology in enhancing the functional and nutritional attributes of gluten-free breads. The research was conducted by employing 900 W microwave power for 8 min for buckwheat and teff flours modification with an initial moisture content of 30%. The modified flours were blended with rice flour and baked to verify the potential of microwave high moisture treatment for adjusting the texture and nutritional quality of the bread. The results revealed that microwave treatment of flours helped in retaining a higher level of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in gluten-free breads.

Assessing the nutritional composition of sweet corn (zea mays l. var. saccharata) stover and kernel corn (zea mays l. var. indentata) stover for ruminant feed

Corn stover, which includes stalks, leaves, and husks left in the field after harvest, holds promise as a feed source for ruminant livestock due to its nutritional value. However, a lack of research on its nutritional composition has led to wasteful practices like open burning and disposal. Therefore, this study aims to determine and compare the nutritional value of corn stover between sweet and kernel corn. The samples of corn stover were collected at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Farm. All samples were subjected to the cleaning, chopping, drying, and grinding processes before undergoing nutritional analysis using proximate analysis. The proximate analysis was measured based on the percentage of crude protein, ash, crude fibre, moisture, and fat. The results indicate that sweet corn stover exhibits the highest nutritional value (p< 0.05) in terms of ash, crude protein, and fat, with percentages of 5.44%, 19.04%, and 3.86%, respectively, particularly in its leaves. Additionally, the stalks of sweet corn stover contain the highest percentages of moisture (4.89%) and crude fiber (27.05%). This study found that sweet corn stover is more suitable for ruminant feed because it contains the highest levels of essential nutrients like crude protein, fat, and ash.

Mapping the global research landscape on malnutrition for patients with chronic kidney disease: a visualization analysis

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is seen as a diverse disease and a primary contributor to global mortality. Malnutrition arises within chronic illness, which involves protein energy depletion and inadequate levels of essential nutrients. These factors increase the likelihood of death and the overall impact of the disease on affected individuals. Consequently, this study aims to utilize bibliometric and visual analysis to assess the current state of research, the latest advances and emerging patterns in the fields of CKD and malnutrition.MethodsExtensive research was conducted using the Scopus database, which is the most authoritative database of research publications and citations, to focus on CKD research between 2003 and 2022, as indicated by title and author keywords. Then, within this vast collection of academic publications, a notable subset of articles was exclusively dedicated to investigating the relationship between CKD and malnutrition. Finally, we performed bibliometric analysis and visualization using VOSviewer 1.6.19 and Microsoft Excel 2013.ResultsLarge global research between 2003 and 2022 resulted in 50,588 documents focused on CKD, as indicated by title and author keywords. In this extensive collection of scientific publications, a staggering portion of 823 articles is devoted exclusively to investigating the link between CKD and malnutrition. Further analysis reveals that this body of work consists of 565 articles (68.65%), 221 reviews (26.85%), and 37 miscellaneous entries (4.50%), which encompass letters and editorials. The USA was found to be the most productive country (n = 173; 21.02%), followed by Italy (n = 83; 10.09%), Sweden (n = 56; 6.80%), Brazil (n = 54; 6.56%) and China (n = 51; 6.20%). The most common terms on the map include those related to the topic of (a) malnutrition in hemodialysis patients and predicting factors; terms associated with the (b) impact of malnutrition on cardiovascular risk and complications in CKD patients; and terms related to the (c) dietary protein intake and malnutrition in CKD.ConclusionsThis study is the first of its kind to analyze CKD and malnutrition research using data from Scopus for visualization and network mapping. Recent trends indicate an increasing focus on protein-energy wasting/malnutrition in hemodialysis patients and predicting factors, dietary protein intake, and malnutrition in CKD. These topics have gained significant attention and reflect the latest scientific advances. Intervention studies are crucial to examining diet therapy's impact on patients with stages 1 to 5 CKD. We hope this study will offer researchers, dietitians and nephrologists valuable information.

Effect of Dialysis on Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Renal Failure Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Aims: Hemodialysis uses a semi-permeable membrane and electrochemical gradient to balance fluid and essential nutrient levels in the body. The kidneys perform this function in healthy individuals. The study aims to analyze the biochemical parameters of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study enrolled 130 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in King Khalid Hospital Tabuk, Saudi Arabia between January 2023 and February 2023.
 Methodology: The study applied correlation analysis to determine the nature of the relationships between the biochemical parameters during hemodialysis. Descriptive statistics were also used to determine the mean concentrations for the parameters during hemodialysis.
 Results: The concentrations of urea dropped from 45.12mmol/l from week one to 5.74mmol/l in week four. While the concentration of creatinine dropped from 761.53umol/l from week one to 160.60umol/l in week four. The study used correlation analysis to establish that there was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between urea and creatinine, calcium, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and albumin had their concentrations vary during dialysis weeks, with their concentrations increasing during some weeks and decreasing during others. It was also determined that there was a significant negative correlation between urea and TIBC.
 Conclusion: The study established that there was a significant reduction in the concentration of urea and creatinine during the fourth week of dialysis compared to the first week of dialysis. Therefore, dialysis helps to remove toxic waste products from the bloodstream.

Harvesting the benefits of nutritional research to address global challenges in the 21st century

AbstractOver the past 20 years, substantial progress has been made in improving feeds and feeding technologies for most aquaculture species. Notable improvements in feed conversion efficiency (through a better understanding of requirements and improved feed management) and ingredient sustainability (through increased capability to use a wider range of ingredients) have been achieved. While advances have been made in understanding the requirements of many of the main aquaculture species, there is still much to be done in defining requirements, especially for many of the species being farmed in the developing world. Gains in the efficiency of feeds are slowing for developed species, but potential gains are still appreciable for less developed species. There is a growing need to more precisely prescribe the required levels of essential nutrients and various additives in the diet based on age, genotype, environment, and immune status to deliver a “precision nutrition” approach to farming aquaculture species. There is still further need to diversify our ingredient options to provide greater resilience, as the sustainability of different feed ingredient sources, including possible climate change impacts, is becoming a growing issue. There is a growing demand for biocircularity in our feed ingredient supply chains. Ultimately, what is needed to sustain future feed ingredient needs are sustainable sources of cost‐effective protein, some essential amino acid additives, some omega‐3 fatty acid resources, and various minerals and vitamin additives. The increasing use of new and varied resources will ensure that food safety remains an important issue throughout the world. Feed manufacturing has evolved from a simplistic exercise to a highly complex science with state‐of‐the‐art engineering, but its application is not consistent across all sectors, as there is still widespread use of pelleting, mash, and trash fish feeding in the developing world. Similarly, feed management has also dichotomized between the developed and developing world, with a high reliance on manual skilled labor in the developing world, whereas more advanced aquaculture systems are becoming increasingly reliant on automated computer‐controlled feeding systems.

Delayed vs. early enteral feeding after repair of congenital recto-vestibular fistula: The effect on perineal wound healing.

congenital Recto vestibular fistula represents the commonest type of anorectal malformation in females. The treatment of this anomaly is mainly approached either through anterior or posterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty approach. Several perioperative factors may affect the outcome. One of major postoperative complications is the occurrence of wound infection. We aimed to study the effect of delayed vs. early enteral feeding on the occurrence of perineal wound infection (PWI) after repair of congenital recto vestibular fistula. Fifty-five infants with recto-vestibular fistula were included. They were managed by single stage anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP) at an age ≥3 months. Groups A and B included infants who started oral intake on the 6th and 2nd postoperative days respectively. Group A infants were kept on peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) during the fasting period. Superficial wound infection occurred in three cases in group A while it developed in seven cases in group B. Deep perineal infection occurred in two and five cases in group A and group B respectively. The mean hospital stay was 8 days in group A vs. 13 days in group B when PWI developed. Delayed enteral feeding with PPN keeps the perineal wound less contaminated with stool. This promoted proper and fast healing with lower incidence of PWI. Also, PPN compensates the catabolic effects of both surgical trauma and fasting during the postoperative period and ensures maintenance of normal levels of essential nutrients that allow for proper healing.

Impact of elevated CO2 on soil phosphorus dynamics of lentil (Lens culinaris L. medik) genotypes

The rising level of carbon-di-oxide (CO2 ) has an enormous impact on crop growth and physiology especially in the case of legumes. In general elevated CO2 (e[CO2 ]) has a positive impact on legumes but, to maximize the benefit crops must be supplemented with adequate levels of essential nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, a controlled experiment under OTC has been taken to understand the impact of short-term e[CO2 ] on soil P-dynamics and changes in labile and non-labile soil P-pools under two contrasting genotypes of lentil namely, IPL-316 and IPL-406. Results showed soluble-P (sol-P) and di-calcium P (Ca2-P) both increased significantly under e[CO2 ] in the case of both the genotypes and results are more prominent in IPL-316. The ratio of labile: non-labile P increased under e[CO2 ] by 28% and 18% for IPL-316 and IPL-406 respectively over ambient. Organic carbon and available nitrogen (N) and P also increased significantly under e[CO2 ]. Short term exposure of e[CO2 ] failed to show any noticeable change in bulk soil P-dynamics. Hence, short term e[CO2 ] exposure can cause marked change in labile P-pools and the results are more prominent in IPL-316.

Effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer On N-Total of Soil, N, P, K Uptake, and Yields of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) In Inceptisols Jatinangor

Inceptisols are often used for intensive cultivation and have low levels of essential nutrients. Improvement of this fertility rate can be achieved by the application of organic based fertilizers that can increase soil fertility. Peanut has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is generally grown on dry land. This research was conducted from February to June 2023, at the experimental garden, Padjadjaran University. This research aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer combined with standard NPK fertilizer on soil N total, plant nutrient uptake, and peanut yields in Inceptisol Jatinangor. This study used a randomized block design experimental method with nine treatments and three replications, and the amount is 27 experimental units. The result shows that the combination of liquid organic fertilizer with NPK fertilizer can enhance yields of peanuts. The combination of 10 liters of liquid organic fertilizer per hectare andb ¾ dose of Urea, TSP and KCl can increase the total-N content of the soil, the absorption of N, P, and K, as well as the weight of dried pods. Therefore, the use of liquid organic fertilizer in peanut cultivation can be reduced by up to 25% and can increase the yield of peanut pods.

Agronomic biofortification of forage crops with zinc and copper for enhancing nutritive potential: a systematic review.

Many developing countries are facing a silent increase in deficiency of micronutrients in forage crops that results in decreased levels of essential nutrients in animals. Micronutrients are essential not only for basic metabolic processes of forage crops but also for sustaining animal health. Forage productivity and quality are severely affected by soil micronutrients deficiencies, especially zinc and copper. This review summarizes the literature highlighting the significance of different methodologies used to increase the biomass and quality of forage so as to enhance the micronutrient content of the forage crops through biofortification. Biofortification is a promising and sustainable agriculture-based strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiency in crops. The experiments and trials conducted at different locations of the world showed that copper and zinc concentrations in animal fodders can be enhanced through the process of foliar application. Additionally, agronomic biofortification showed more promising results, and thus is an outstanding, fast, and cost-effective technique for the immediate enrichment of forage in order to overcome malnutrition in animals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.