Blood Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 Enhances Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis via the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Male Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Our study was designed to investigate the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 (LP1008) on testicular antioxidant capacity, spermatogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolic function in male mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. A total of thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (denoted as the NC group) or a high-fat control diet (denoted as the HFC group) for 16 weeks, then half of the HFC group was randomly chosen and subsequently fed with LP1008 for the final 8 weeks (high-fat diet + LP1008; denoted as the HFP group). The HFP group expressed improved blood cholesterol, insulin resistance, hepatic function, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels compared to the HFC group. Meanwhile, the HFC group displayed decreased testicular testosterone levels, sperm quality, and 17β-HSD protein expression, which were rescued after LP1008 treatment. Moreover, the HFC group had lower superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities. After LP1008 treatment, enhanced antioxidative activities and decreased lipid peroxidation were observed. The HFC group also exhibited aggravated apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy proteins in the testis, which were ameliorated by LP1008 supplementation. Furthermore, the gut microbiota analysis results revealed that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly elevated in the HFC and HFP groups compared to the NC group and that LP1008 treatment diminished Ruminococcaceae and enhanced Bifidobacteriaceae diversity. In summary, LP1008 treatment strengthened antioxidative enzyme levels and regulated microbiota-ameliorated HFC-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy, and thus improved testicular function and semen quality.

Investigating the effects of empagliflozin on myocardial metabolic and lipid profile in healthy and metabolic syndrome murine models following acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Background/Introduction Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a sodium/glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitor with clinically documented cardioprotective effect. However, the mechanism of cardioprotection remains elusive. We have previously shown that Western diet induces metabolic syndrome (MS) and deteriorates cardiac function in mice, whereas EMPA treatment for 6 weeks prevents this damage. Also, EMPA administration for 6 weeks suppresses ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice, independent of the presence of MS. Purpose The aim of the present study is to investigate whether changes in myocardial metabolic and lipid profile, induced by EMPA treatment, are responsible for its cardioprotective effect in the setting of myocardial I/R injury. Methods C57Bl6 mice received chow diet or Western diet for 14 weeks. At week 8, mice from each dietary group were randomized into 3 subgroups: 1. Control - Sham surgery (5% DMSO-SHAM), 2. Control - I/R (5% DMSO-I/R) and 3. EMPA (10mg/kg/day in 5% DMSO) - I/R (EMPA-I/R) and received the corresponding treatment by daily per os administration for 6 weeks. At week 14, mice were subjected to 30 minutes of I, followed by 2 hours of R, or sham surgery. Myocardial tissue was harvested at the end of R, and metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. Body weight, as well as blood glucose and cholesterol levels were assessed at baseline and at the end of the administrations. Results EMPA administration reduced body weight, as well as blood glucose and cholesterol levels in animals with MS. EMPA decreased anaerobic glycolysis products (UDP-glucose, Lactic acid) and ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetic acid) in both healthy animals and mice with MS. Additionally, an increase in ATP, accompanied by a decrease in AMP and ADP were observed in the EMPA-I/R group, compared to the DMSO-I/R group. Regarding the lipidomic analysis, gangliosides GM3 emerged as the major lipid group decreased by EMPA treatment. Lastly, despite significant changes were presented in the metabolic and lipid profile between healthy animals and those with MS, the effects of EMPA on myocardial metabolic and lipid profile were the same, regardless of the presence of MS. Conclusion(s) EMPA administration induces metabolic changes in the heart tissue and improves myocardial energetics upon myocardial I/R injury. Also, EMPA suppresses gangliosides GM3, a lipid group that has been associated with neutrophil activation and recruitment. Importantly, the effects of EMPA on myocardial metabolic and lipid profile following I/R is independent of the presence of MS.

Unraveling the proteomic signatures of coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia.

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), is heavily influenced by hypercholesterolemia (HC). Proteomics research has shown promise in identifying biological markers for CAD diagnosis and prognosis. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for detecting HC and CAD. Through the analysis of proteome data from healthy controls (n=45) and patients diagnosed with HC (n=51) or CAD (n=32), distinct protein patterns associated with each condition were identified. Significant alterations in protein levels were identified with a false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected q-value of <0.05. Subsequent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.75, was conducted. CAD patients exhibited significantly increased levels of the cholesterol-metabolizing protein PCSK9 and varied levels of the angiogenesis-related protein SDF-1 compared to controls. In pairwise comparisons among the study groups, 65 proteins showed significant differential expression. Notably, 14 of these proteins had significant correlations with blood cholesterol levels. Additionally, 22 of the identified proteins were associated with CAD or HC pathways, with nine proteins being common to both conditions (Apo E, Apo E3, MMP-3, PCSK9, SDF-1, Apo B, PAFAH, HSP 60, and TAK1-TAB1). Nevertheless, this is an exploratory study, and validation studies are needed to confirm these potential protein biomarkers for CAD in the context of HC.

Variation in blood glucose, cholesterol, urea and calcium levels according to the physiological stage in Ouled-Djellal ewes in Algerian arid zone. Technical note

Sheep farming in arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria is confronted with large fluctuations in the availability of fodder, which is all the more restrictive for pregnant ewes whose needs are at a maximum and constitute a major obstacle to the development of this sector. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the physiological stage on the energy, nitrogen and mineral status of Ouled-Djellal ewes living in arid zones (Biskra), by determining the plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, urea and calcium. Blood samples were taken from 40 ewes divided into two groups according to their physiological stage (pregnant and empty). The obtained results showed that the physiological stage had a significant influence only on blood glucose, being higher in empty sheep than in pregnant sheep (P&lt;0.05), whereas for the other blood parameters: cholesterol, urea, and the plasma concentrations of calcium do not seem to be influenced by the physiological stage.

Reduced circulating CD63+ extracellular vesicle levels associate with atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice and humans

AimsThe association and co-isolation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown in blood plasma. Here we explore this relationship to better understand the role of EVs in atherogenesis.Methods and resultsWild type (WT), PCSK9−/−, and LDLR−/− C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. Eleven week-old male mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks or kept on normal diet until old age (22-months). Cardiac function was assessed by ultrasound, cholesterol was quantified with a colorimetric kit and circulating EVs were measured using flow cytometry. Plaques were analysed post-mortem using Oil-Red-O staining of the aortic arch. EVs were measured from platelet free blood plasma samples of normal and hypercholesterolaemic clinical patients. Based on annexin V and CD63 staining, we found a significant increase in EV levels in LDLR−/− and PCSK9−/− mice after HFD, but CD81 showed no significant change in either group. There was no significant change in plaque formation after HFD. PCSK9−/− mice show a favourable cardiac function after HFD. Blood cholesterol levels progressively increased during HFD, with LDLR−/− mice showing high levels while PCSK9−/− were significantly lowered compared to WT animals. In mice at old age, similar cholesterol levels were observed as in young mice. In old age, LDLR−/− mice showed significantly increased plaques. At old age, ejection fraction was decreased in all groups of mice, as were CD63+ EVs. Similarly to mice, in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, CD63+ EVs were significantly depleted.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates an inverse relationship between circulating EVs and cholesterol, making EVs a potential marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HFD causes reduced cardiac function, but atherosclerotic development is slowly progressing in hypercholesterolaemic models and only observed with old animals. These results also bring further evidence for the benefit of using of PCSK9 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in CVD.

Effects of Chitosan and N-Succinyl Chitosan on Metabolic Disorders Caused by Oral Administration of Olanzapine in Mice.

The issue of human mental health is gaining more and more attention nowadays. However, most mental disorders are treated with antipsychotic drugs that cause weight gain and metabolic disorders, which include olanzapine (OLZ). The search for and development of natural compounds for the prevention of obesity when taking antipsychotic drugs is an urgent task. The biopolymer chitosan (Chi) and its derivatives have lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic properties, which makes them potential therapeutic substances for use in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of the natural biopolymer Chi, its derivative N-succinyl chitosan (SuChi), and Orlistat (ORL) as a control on the effects caused by the intake of OLZ in a mouse model. Mice were fed with pearl barley porridge mixed with OLZ or combinations OLZ + Chi, OLZ + SuChi, or OLZ + ORL for 2 months. The weight, lipid profile, blood chemokines, expression of genes associated with appetite regulation, and behavior of the mice were analyzed in dynamics. For the first time, data were obtained on the effects of Chi and SuChi on metabolic changes during the co-administration of antipsychotics. Oral OLZ increased body weight, food and water intake, and glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in blood. ORL and SuChi better normalized lipid metabolism than Chi, decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels. OLZ decreased the production of all chemokines tested at the 4th week of treatment and increased CXCL1, CXCL13, and CCL22 chemokine levels at the 7th week. All of the supplements corrected the level of CXCL1, CXCL13, and CCL22 chemokines but did not recover suppressed chemokines. SuChi and ORL stimulated the expression of satiety associated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and suppressed the appetite-stimulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP) genes. All supplements improved the locomotion of mice. Taken collectively, we found that SuChi more than Chi possessed an activity close to that of ORL, preventing metabolic disorders in mice fed with OLZ. As OLZ carries positive charge and SuChi is negatively charged, we hypothesized that SuChi's protective effect can be explained by electrostatic interaction between OLZ byproducts and SuChi in the gastrointestinal tract.

Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in acidophilus milk during frozen storage and its potential to lower cholesterol: an In vivo study.

The viability and functional activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus acidophilus in a fermented milk product is important. One of the functional activities of the LAB in fermented milk is the ability of the LAB to positively impact the human health. This study aimed to determine the effect of frozen storage on the fermented milk, namely acidophilus milk, based on the nutritional milk quality, the viability of L. acidophilus, and its potential to lower cholesterol levels in Wistar rats. The parameters measured was including milk quality (mainly pH, protein content, lactic acid levels, and syneresis), L. acidophilus bacterial viability in frozen storage (for 1, 2, and 3months), and some biological assays to evaluate the potential of milk in lowering blood cholesterol levels in Wistar rats. The result of this study suggests that acidophilus milk quality can be maintained in frozen storage for two months, and it had lactic acid levels of 1.07%, pH of 4.08, and protein levels of 3.33%. Giving acidophilus milk to Wistar rats for 15days could reduce the cholesterol level continuously until 30days of treatment. Therefore, this study proves that acidophilus milk quality can be maintained very well in frozen storage, and its functional properties to lower the cholesterol level of Wistar rats can be achieved after two weeks of consumption.

Hypomagnesaemia and Relationship Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Janzur Hospital in Libya.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to the development of complications, especially due to poor glycemic control. Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial element in human health, and its deficiency plays a critical role in the development of lipid abnormalities and the initiation of diabetic complications. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation of hypomagnesemia (Mg) with the alteration of lipid profile patterns and investigate the adverse effects of glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) on magnesium levels among patients with T2DM. A total of 163 subjects whose ages ranged between 35-60 years for both sexes (males and females) were included in this study: 90 type II diabetic patients (40 males and 50 females) and 73 healthy individuals (34 males and 39 females) in Tripoli region, Western Libya. Blood glucose, HbA1c, Magnesium, and lipid profile parameters were biochemically estimated in the study along with the measurement of BMI. All the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25 for applying one-way ANOVA and Person's correlation coefficient tests. The study revealed a significant decrease in serum magnesium levels (1.59 ± 0.47 mg/dL) in T2DM patients compared to the control group (2.21 ± 0.70 mg/dL) (p &lt; 0.01). Significantly elevated levels of blood glucose (140.6 ± 30.95 mg/dL vs. 89.80 ± 12.62 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.01), HbA1c (7.27 ± 2.62% vs. 5.32 ± 0.65%, p &lt; 0.01), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol also observed in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals. Conversely, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the T2DM group than in controls (24.44 ± 8.88 mg/dL vs. 47.06 ± 8.75 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.01). There is a relationship between hypomagnesemia, glycemic control, and changed lipid profile in T2DM patients. Further, our results revealed a strong relationship between increased BMI and unfavorable alterations in all biochemical parameters examined.

Assessment of risk factors for myocardial infarction and its relationship with some variables

The aim of the study is to assess the risk factors which lead to myocardial infarction and relation to some variables. The filed study was carried out from the 1st of April to the end of Sept. 2005. The Sample of the study consisted of (100) patients in lbn-Albeetar and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The result of the study indicated the following; 45% of patients with age group (41-50) were more exposed to the disease and there is no significant difference was seen in the level of education, Martial status, weight and height. The result shows that there are significant difference in risk factors like hypertension, cholesterol level in blood and diabetes. When analyzed by T.test at level of P &lt; 0.01 and there are significant difference in smoking habits, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus patient's when analyzed by chi-squire at level of P &lt; 0.01. The researcher recommends taking the Preventive measuments to control the risk factors.

Evaluation of Comparative Efficacy of Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth) versus Atorvastatin in the Management of Dyslipidemia - A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a lipoprotein metabolism condition marked by elevated blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. It can be correlated with (Medoroga) Medodushti Aim and objectives: To evaluate comparative effectiveness of Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth) and Atorvastatin in the management of Dyslipidemia. Methodology: Total 160 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Patients in Study Group A were treated with Kutaki Vati and patients in Control Group B were treated with Atorvastatin for 60 days. Data was collected by assessment of Objective parameters like body weight, BMI, lipid levels (TCH-Total serum cholesterol , HDL-High-density lipoproteins, LDL-Low-density lipoproteins, TG- Serum Triglycerides, VLDL-Serum Very Low-density lipoproteins, AST, ALT, S.Urea, S.Creatinine, Fasting blood sugar on the day 0, 30 and 60. The analysis was done with the help of inferential and descriptive statistics. Observation and Result-Kutaki and Atorvastatin both showed significant improvement in lipid levels but Kutaki showed reduction in body weight and BMI with correction in deranged Agni and bowel habit( constipation) which was not seen in Atorvastatin group. Kutaki showed no rise in AST, ALT, S Creatinin and S.urea indicating its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. Conclusion-Both groups are equally effective in the management of Dyslipidemia (Medoroga).But Kutaki is effective in reducing bodyweight and BMI and safe as it showed no rise in AST, ALT, S Creatinin and S.urea.

Plant Sterol-Enriched Palm Oil Intervention to Improve Lipid Profile and Inflammation Status in Hyperlipidemic Individuals.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD), are currently positioned among the leading causes of mortality globally. Risk factors of CHD include, among others, hypercholesterolemia and elevations in systemic inflammation. Functional foods enriched with compounds showing cholesterol-lowering effects are considered one among various dietary and lifestyle intervention strategies to tackle this problem. A CHD-preventive effect of dietary plant sterols has been broadly discussed, not only due to their ability to reduce blood cholesterol level, but also to their proven anti-inflammatory potential. Palm oil is one of the most widely consumed edible oils in the world. Despite its widespread use, especially in Asian countries, no study has been conducted using palm oil as a vehicle for plant sterols. Methods: The aim of the placebo-controlled double-blinded trial presented here was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of palm oil enriched with plant sterols, used as a cooking oil, on lipid profile and systemic inflammation marker in 100 adult hyperlipidemic residents of Bogor, Indonesia. Results: The study has shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level in study subjects consuming plant sterol-enriched palm oil as a replacement for usual palm oil for cooking, with no similar effect on CRP levels. Conclusions: The study suggests that, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle promotion, incorporating plant sterols in palm oil used for cooking may be an effective strategy to reduce cardiovascular risks in hyperlipidemic individuals.

Effect of Oral Powder Preserving Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Extract on the Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Rat

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although there is no cure for it, controlling lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise is essential. One potential approach for treating hypercholesterolemia is developing novel delivery platforms incorporating probiotics. Probiotics have been shown to significantly reduce lipid profiles due to their antioxidant properties. Objectives: In this study, the researchers investigated the effects of oral supplementation with the lyophilized probiotic extract (LPE) of Lactobacillus casei on reducing lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic rats fed a fatty diet and fructose. Methods: This study involved 40 adult male Wistar rats, randomly divided into five groups: A negative control, a sham, and three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3). The rats in the treatment groups received doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/mL of LPE, respectively. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all groups by administering a mixture of 0.5% cholesterol, 30% tallow, and 20% fructose. The LPE supplementation was given orally once a day for two weeks. After the treatment period, blood samples were taken from all the rats 15 days later. Results: The results indicated that hyperlipidemia led to a significant increase in total blood cholesterol levels, including TG, LDL, and ALP (P &lt; 0.001). Lyophilized probiotic extract supplementation significantly decreased total blood cholesterol levels (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that LPE can reduce lipid levels and have a hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic rats. Additionally, histopathology showed that a 540 mg/kg dose of LPE had an effective liver-protective effect.

Association between fluctuations in blood cholesterol levels and the risk of suicide death in the general population

ObjectiveSuicide is a pressing global public health issue. While recent studies have explored the association between serum cholesterol levels and suicide risk, the association between cholesterol variability and suicide risk is not well characterized. MethodsThis was a nationwide population-based cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. A total of 1,983,701 patients with at least three measurements of TC between 2004 and 2009 were included. Participants were followed until death by suicide or the study's end in December 2021. Participants were categorized based on baseline TC or TC variability. TC variability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average successive variability (ASV). ResultsOver a median follow-up of 11 years, 5883 (0.3 %) patients died by suicide. Compared to subjects with TC <200 mg/dL, those with TC ≥240 mg/dL had a lower risk of suicide death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 0.78–0.93). In the unadjusted model, the HR for suicide death in the highest quartile (Q4) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of TC variability was 1.36 (95 % CI: 1.26–1.46). After adjusting for potential confounders, high variability in TC level was associated with a higher risk of suicide death (HR 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.37). When analyzed based on the combination of TC baseline and variability, the highest quartile of TC variability showed a higher rate of suicide death compared to the lowest quartile, regardless of baseline TC level. ConclusionHigh TC variability and low TC levels were associated with an increased risk of suicide.

تقييم بعض عوامل الخطر لأمراض القلب في مركز بنغازي للقلب

Cardiovascular disease, commonly referred to as heart disease, is a well-documented and thoroughly researched medical condition. Epidemiological investigations indicate that the annual mortality rate associated with cardiovascular disease continues to increase. Understanding the intricate interplay of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease is pivotal in addressing this escalating public health crisis. In this paper, we aimed to explore the use of chi square to identify association between heart disease and some of the important risk factors such as gender, age, diabetes, heart attack before, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cholesterol level. The dataset was collected from the heart patient's records of Benghazi Cardiac Center – Libya. Among the 136 instances examined, 68 were identified as cases, representing individuals diagnosed with heart disease, while the other 68 served as controls, consisting of individuals without heart disease. Our results shows very interactive and significant pattern. It is found that significant variation between the different risk factors. It is important for both pre and post-heart patients to be increasingly mindful of these risk factors. In addition, this study can contribute to subsequent research efforts and will raise awareness among individuals about making healthier choices. Keywords: Heart disease, Risk factor, Chi – Square technique.

Exploring the impact of cooking techniques and storage conditions on resistant starch levels in mung beans and its effect upon blood glucose level and lipid profile in vivo.

Mung beans contain various antinutritional components. Processing and cooking methods can reduce these antinutritional factors and increase the availability and digestibility of nutrients. Resistant starch is also known as dietary fiber, which helps to reduce the cholesterol and glucose level in blood. It is formed during cooking and storage of food at low temperature. This study aimed to assess the effects of cooking and storage temperature on the formation of resistant starch in processed mung bean, as well as its effect on blood glucose levels and lipid profile in humans and rats. The common cooking methods namely boiling, steaming after germination, roasting, and pressure cooking were chosen. The cooked samples were stored at different temperatures including freshly prepared within 1 h (T1), stored for 24 h at room temperature (20-22°C) (T2), kept at 4°C for 24 h (T3), and reheated after storing at 4°C for 24 h (T4). The study revealed that germinated-steamed mung beans had significantly higher levels of resistant starch (27.63 ± 0.76), and lower level of glycemic index (26.28 ± 3.08) and amylose (40.91 ± 0.06) when stored at 4°C for 24 h (T3) followed by (T2), (T4), and (T1) as compared to other cooking methods (boiling, pressure cooking, and roasting). The germinated-steamed mung beans (T1) resulted in 96% decline in blood glucose parameters of rats (36 Wistar albino rats aged 2 to 3 months were selected) than the control group as observed in 28 days diet intervention (100 mg/kg resistant starch orally). There is a need to make people aware about the selection of appropriate cooking (steamed after germination) and storage methods (T3) to increase the RS content and to lower the glycemic index of food at domestic level.

Effects of Physical Activity on Patients With Diabetes Type 2: A Systematic Review

The aim of the research was to collect and to examine the positive effects of various physical activity (PA) programs on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This included a combination of aerobic exercises and resistance training, with varying intensities, in order to compare which approach yielded better outcomes for T2DM management; This systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the period from 1991 to 2024. Studies included in this review involved both experimental procedures and questionnaire-based surveys to assess the impact of PA on T2DM patients. The primary outcome was the effect of PA on T2DM, with secondary outcomes including changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glycemic control; A total of 23 studies, encompassing 1752 participants (515 men, 546 women, and 691 unspecified), met the inclusion criteria. The studies highlighted the positive effects of exercise, such as improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Most studies recommended a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises performed 3-4 times per week for 30-60 minutes per session; This systematic review confirms that regular PA is instrumental in managing T2DM. Health care providers should integrate PA programs into treatment plans for T2DM patients to optimize glycemic control and overall health outcomes.

El extracto metanólico de &lt;i&gt;Tillandsia recurvata&lt;/i&gt; reduce los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol en sangre

Background: Tillandsia recurvata collected in San Luis Potosí does not have studies focused on its use as an adjuvant in treating diabetes mellitus. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Will Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) have antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo? Studied species: Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) Study site and dates: T. recurvata was collected in Guadalcázar municipality, San Luis Potosí, México, in December 2021. Methods: The antidiabetic potential of Tillandsia recurvata methanol extract (TRM) was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models, and its secondary metabolite content was analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Results demonstrate that extract reduces blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in vivo. In addition, in vitro tests showed that extract diminished the formation of advanced glycation end products, methylglyoxal concentrations, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified several compounds in the extract, including 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, 3',5' dimethoxyacetophenone, pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, phytol, margaric acid, oleamide, cis-11-eicosenamide, stearic acid, 13-docosenamide, (Z), campesterol, and β-sitosterol. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of T. recurvata collected in San Luis Potosi as an adjuvant in treatment of diabetes mellitus.

TARGETED SEQUENCING REVEAL TWO PATHOGENIC MUTATIONS IN LDLR AND APOE GENES IN PATIENT WITH FAMILY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: CASE REPORT

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a serious inherited disorder that can lead to early development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the high blood cholesterol levels. In our study, we identified in FH patient likely pathogenic variant of LDLR and APOE genes. Interest in the homozygous state of FH is understandable given its rarity and severe health consequences. The homozygous state, when both LDL receptor alleles mutated, demonstrates even higher cholesterol levels and an earlier and more severe clinical course compared with the heterozygous state. In our study, we report an interesting case of homozygous FH due to its rare prevalence. Patient U., 16 years old, woman, admitted to the National Research Cardiac Surgery Center (NRCC), was diagnosed with FH, congenital heart disease (CHD), bicuspidal aortic valve (AV) type 1. Both parents (mother and father) were included for reliable analysis. DNA was isolated from the venous blood sample by using the column method of QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. Targeted NGS using TruSight Cardio panel for 174 genes was performed on MiSeq, Illumina. Identified genetic variants were classified according to the ACMG guidelines. Pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. Additionally, databases of the VarSome and ClinVar were used for analysis. Sequencing of 96 genes and bioinformatics analysis identified 2 likely pathogenic variants - C526T:p.R176C in APOE and G295A:p.E99K in LDLR gene, 4 uncertain significance variants in APOB, TTN, COL3A1, NOTCH1 and 90 benign variants in APOB, TTN, LAMA4, MYPN, DMD. LDLR (G295A:p.E99K) and APOE (C526T:p.R176C) were validated and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in patients and her father and mother. The main function of the APOE gene is to make the protein apolipoprotein E, which is involved in fat metabolism. In our study, the patient had a heterozygous variant of СT polymorphism rs7412 in the APOE gene, which indicates the presence of a possible disorder of fat metabolism. LDLR gene encodes a protein called low-density lipoprotein receptor, which is responsible for the uptake of cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein particles in cells. In our study, a patient with a homozygous AA variant of the LDLR gene was found to be pathogenic. Disruption of the uptake of cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein particles in cells can have serious consequences for the body. This can lead to cholesterol accumulation in the blood and tissues, which in turn can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and other CVD. We found that both parents had a heterozygous genotype of G295A:p.E99K in LDLR gene; and mother had a heterozygous genotype and father had a homozygous genotype of C526T:p.R176C in APOE gene. In our study, we found the genetic mutations - two likely pathogenic genetic variants LDLR (G295A:p.E99K) and APOE (C526T:p.R176C) associated with FH in patient with clinical phenotype of FH using TruSight Cardio targeted panel of 96 genes. Genetic testing using targeted NGS or whole exome sequencing would be useful for right diagnosis and might improve personalize treatment for these patients. To identify other genes associated with FH whole exome sequencing can be recommend. Supported by Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Republic of Kazakhstan (AP14869903), (BR21881970) and Nazarbayev University CRP (211123CRP1608).

Tropical oils consumption and health: a scoping review to inform the development of guidelines in tropical regions

BackgroundTropical oils such as palm and coconut oils are renowned for their high saturated fat content and culinary versatility. However, their consumption has sparked debate regarding their health benefits and production concerns. The purpose of this review was to map existing evidence on the health benefits and challenges associated with the consumption of tropical oils.MethodThe recommendations for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O’Malley were followed. PubMed, Dimensions AI, Central, JSTOR Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant papers. The predetermined keywords used were Consumption” AND “Tropical oil,” as well as “Health benefits” OR “Health challenges” AND “Tropical Countries.” Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English were eligible for this review.ResultTropical oils, such as palm and coconut oils, provide health benefits including essential vitamins (A and E) that enhance ocular health, boost immunity, and support growth. They are also recognised for their role in managing high blood sugar, obesity, and cholesterol levels, while offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These oils have wound-healing abilities and are commonly used in infant nutrition and traditional cooking. Nevertheless, prolonged and repeated use of tropical oils to high temperature can degrade vitamin E, whereas excessive intake may result in overdose. Health concerns include oxidative risks, diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and acrylamide formation due to production challenges excessive consumption. Additional issues include obesity, suboptimal oil production, misconceptions, regulatory obstacles, and preferences for alternative fats.ConclusionThis review suggest that tropical oils provide essential health benefits, including vitamins and antioxidant properties, but pose significant health risks and production challenges, particularly when exposed to high temperatures and through excessive intake. Guidelines on the consumption of tropical oils in the tropical regions are necessary to regulate their consumption.

Translational evaluation of metabolic risk factors impacting DBS efficacy for PD-Related sleep and depressive disorders: preclinical, prospective and cohort studies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with metabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol levels, and triglycerides (TG). The extent to which these factors affect motor symptoms, depression, and sleep problems in PD, as well as their role in determining the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, is yet to be fully understood. This study delved into the effects of metabolic risk factors like BMI, FBG, cholesterol, and TG on the outcomes of DBS in treating PD-related depression and sleep disturbances, across both mouse models and human subjects. DBS showcased noticeable betterment in depression and sleep perturbations in both PD-afflicted mice and patients. High-sugar-high-fat diet aggravates MPTP-induced depression and sleep disorders in mice. PD-afflicted individuals presenting with depressive and sleep disorders demonstrated elevated metrics of BMI, FBG, blood cholesterol, and TG. Remarkably, these metrics bore considerable adverse influences on the efficiency of DBS in ameliorating depression and sleep issues, yet spared motor symptoms. The favorable impacts of DBS persisted for approximately 6 years, post which a significant decline was noted. Importantly, our translational evidence from both murine controls and patient cohorts indicated that antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic therapies bolstered the efficacy of DBS in mitigating PD-related depression and sleep disturbances, without impinging upon motor functions in patients. In summary, this research emphasizes that DBS is a powerful treatment option for depression and sleep issues in PD, with its success influenced by metabolic risk factors. It further suggests that incorporating treatments for high blood sugar and cholesterol can enhance the efficacy of DBS in treating depression and sleep disturbances in PD, without impacting motor symptoms, highlighting the importance of metabolic risk management in PD patients receiving DBS.