Levels In Diabetic Patients Research Articles

ASSOCIATION OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE LEVELS WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue, and complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI) are prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for various metabolic conditions, including inflammation and kidney injury, but its association with diabetic kidney health remains understudied. Objective: To assess the association of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This observational comparative study was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital KDA, Kohat, from February 7, 2023, to August 7, 2023, following ethical approval. A total of 120 participants were enrolled, including 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 non-diabetic controls. Laboratory investigations for both groups included serum ADA (U/L), HbA1c (%), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m²). Statistical comparisons between groups were made using appropriate tests, and correlations between serum ADA and other parameters were assessed. Results: The mean age of diabetic patients was 55.40 ± 8.29 years, and that of controls was 54.58 ± 21.64 years. The mean serum ADA level in diabetic patients was significantly higher at 43 ± 4.29 U/L compared to 16.32 ± 1.20 U/L in controls (p = 0.0001). Diabetic patients had a mean HbA1c of 8.30 ± 0.59%, significantly higher than that of controls (5.28 ± 0.59%) (p = 0.0001). The mean eGFR in diabetic patients was 82.61 ± 17.22 mL/min/1.73 m², lower than in controls (105.97 ± 12.07 mL/min/1.73 m²) (p = 0.0001). In diabetic patients, serum ADA levels were positively correlated with HbA1c (indicating poorer glycemic control) and negatively correlated with eGFR (suggesting declining kidney function). Conclusion: Elevated serum adenosine deaminase levels in type 2 diabetic patients are significantly associated with poor glycemic control and decreased kidney function. These findings indicate that serum ADA could serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring glycemic status and kidney health in diabetic patients at risk for acute kidney injury.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFORMATIVENESS OF THE LAL TEST AND PROCALCITONIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN ACUTE ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, characterized by acute, intense abdominal pain. AP accounts for 20-30% of hospitalizations due to abdominal symptoms. The incidence of AP is increasing globally by 2-5% annually, ranging from 3.4 to 73.4 cases per 100,000 people. A critical concern in AAP is the potential development of infectious complications, which may require surgical intervention and increase mortality rates. Effective management and monitoring of these complications are essential. Research Justification. The diagnosis of AAP in clinical practice commonly relies on serum levels of α-amylase, lipase, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte counts. However, these markers have limitations and do not fully reflect the level of intoxication. The accuracy of C-reactive protein as a marker is not well established and is used mainly as a prognostic indicator. Serum α-amylase levels tend to decrease sharply after the fifth day of illness, regardless of the patient's condition. Lipase levels in diabetic patients can exceed reference values even without pathology, necessitating adjustments for AAP diagnosis. These criteria are most effective during the enzymatic phase of AAP (days 1-5). To predict the course of AAP and assess the adequacy of therapy, as well as to determine the need for surgical intervention, serum procalcitonin levels are commonly used. However, some studies question the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, particularly regarding its correlation with organ failure, infectious complications, and patient mortality. Materials and Methods: This study involved 55 AAP patients, 51 men (92.7%) and 4 women (7.3%), with an average age of 49.49±9.87 years. Patients were categorized based on the severity of their condition: moderate (39 patients, 70.9%) and severe (16 patients, 29.1%). The control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals (9 men, 90.0%; 1 woman, 10.0%; average age 45.22±7.55 years). AAP was classified according to the Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis. The study included patients with moderate to severe AAP who were hospitalized within 48 hours of symptom onset. All patients received treatment according to clinical guidelines, including intensive fluid therapy with Ringer's lactate. The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test and procalcitonin levels were measured on days 5, 8, 11, and 14 of hospitalization. For suspected infected necrosis, patients underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) on day 14, with fine-needle aspiration biopsy or surgical intervention if necessary. Results. On day 5, LAL test values in the moderate and severe AAP groups were within reference ranges, and procalcitonin levels did not exceed 0.5 ng/ml. By day 14, a significant increase in LAL test values was noted in both groups, with a corresponding rise in procalcitonin levels. The ROC analysis for LAL test values on day 14 in the moderate AAP group showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.966, with 92.86% sensitivity and 96% specificity. For procalcitonin, the AUC was 0.723, with 71.43% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Conclusion. The LAL test is a sensitive and specific marker for detecting endotoxemia and monitoring the progression of AAP, particularly in predicting the development of infectious complications. The study demonstrates that LAL test values significantly correlate with the severity of AAP and may provide better diagnostic accuracy than procalcitonin, especially in the later stages of the disease.

Noninvasive Monitoring of Glycemia Level in Diabetic Patients by Wearable Advanced Biosensors.

We report on the possibility of noninvasive diabetes monitoring through continuous analysis of sweat. The prediction of the blood glucose level in diabetic patients is possible on the basis of their sweat glucose content due to the positive correlation discovered. The ratio between the blood glucose and sweat glucose concentrations for a certain diabetic subject is stable within weeks, excluding requirements for frequent blood probing. The glucose variations in sweat display allometric (non-linear) dependence on those in blood, allowing more precise blood glucose estimation. Selective (avoiding false-positive responses) and sensitive (sweat glucose is on average 30-50 times lower) detection is possible with biosensors based on the glucose oxidase enzyme coupled with a Prussian Blue transducer. Reliable glucose detection in just secreted sweat would allow noninvasive monitoring of the glycemia level in diabetic patients.

12239 Effect Of Nano2, A Donor Of Nitric Oxide, On Glucose Mediated Oxidative Stress In Pancreaticb-cells

Abstract Disclosure: K.N. Islam: None. R.K. Islam: None. M.B. Rashid: None. B. Smith: None. Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Elevation of oxidative stress is a common cause in diabetic patients because of higher levels of blood sugar concentration. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter that has many health benefits for many disease conditions. NO also has an antioxidant property. The pancreatic β-cells are insulin-secreting cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of NaNO2, a donor of NO on glucose-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells (HIT) from a Chinese hamster. First, we determined the effects of dose responses of glucose (25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 mM) on the induction of oxidative stress as it was measured by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum starved β-cells. We observed marked oxidative stress in the serum starved β-cells by the treatment with 75 mM of glucose. Later, we tested the effects of NaNO2 on glucose-induced oxidative stress in serum starved β-cells, and we found that NaNO2 markedly inhibited glucose-induced oxidative stress in serum starved β -cells. Treatment with NaNO2 caused significant induction of cell viability and a marked reduction of cellular cytotoxicity in β-cells under serum starvation incubated without or with glucose. In addition, NaNO2 treatment of β-cells antagonized expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and inhibited the activation of the transcription factor, NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that NO or NO donors may be used as therapy to cure diabetes via inhibiting oxidative stress thereby decreasing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Vitamin D Level in Diabetic Patients

Vitamin D Level in Diabetic Patients

Deep learning for blood glucose level prediction: How well do models generalize across different data sets?

Deep learning-based models for predicting blood glucose levels in diabetic patients can facilitate proactive measures to prevent critical events and are essential for closed-loop control therapy systems. However, selecting appropriate models from the literature may not always yield conclusive results, as the choice could be influenced by biases or misleading evaluations stemming from different methodologies, datasets, and preprocessing techniques. This study aims to compare and comprehensively analyze the performance of various deep learning models across diverse datasets to assess their applicability and generalizability across a broader spectrum of scenarios. Commonly used deep learning models for blood glucose level forecasting, such as feed-forward neural network, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory network (LSTM), temporal convolutional neural network, and self-attention network (SAN), are considered in this study. To evaluate the generalization capabilities of each model, four datasets of varying sizes, encompassing samples from different age groups and conditions, are utilized. Performance metrics include Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Difference (MAD), and Coefficient of Determination (CoD) for analytical asssessment, Clarke Error Grid (CEG) for clinical assessments, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test for statistical analysis, and generalization ability evaluations to obtain both coarse and granular insights. The experimental findings indicate that the LSTM model demonstrates superior performance with the lowest root mean square error and highest generalization capability among all other models, closely followed by SAN. The ability of LSTM and SAN to capture long-term dependencies in blood glucose data and their correlations with various influencing factors and events contribute to their enhanced performance. Despite the lower predictive performance, the FFN was able to capture patterns and trends in the data, suggesting its applicability in forecasting future direction. Moreover, this study helps in identifying the optimal model based on specific objectives, whether prioritizing generalization or accuracy.

Does Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy With Adjunct Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Help Reduce Periodontal Inflammation and Haemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with adjunct photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in reducing periodontal inflammation and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The focused question was 'Does NSPT with adjunct aPDT help reduce periodontal inflammation and HbA1c levels in patients with DM?' The PICO (patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) was formatted as follows: Patients (P): Participants diagnosed with DM; Intervention (I): NSPT with adjunct PDT for the treatment of periodontitis; Control (C): NSPT alone or NSPT with adjunct systemic antibiotic therapy; and Outcome (O): Changes in HbA1c levels. The inclusion criteria comprised RCTs specifically evaluating the impact of NSPT on HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, with a specific focus on interventions involving NSPT with and without adjunct aPDT. The literature search was performed in accordance with the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Indexed databases were searched without time and language restrictions using various keywords. Forest plots were created to illustrate the effects of the different studies and the global estimation. Five RCTs were included and processed for data extraction. The number of participants ranged from 12 to 45 patients with medically diagnosed type-2 DM. In all RCTs, aPDT was done using a diode laser with wavelengths ranging between 660 and 810 nm. Three and two RCTs had moderate and high RoB, respectively. In two RCTs, NSPT with adjunct aPDT reported no improvement in clinical periodontal parameters. Two studies reported that NSPT with adjunct aPDT significantly reduces periodontal probing depth compared to NSPT alone. Four of the five RCTs reported that NSPT+PDT does not influence HbA1c levels. NSPT with or without adjunct aPDT does not affect HbA1c levels in patients with type-2 DM.

Edge-functionalized graphene quantum dot as a nano-biosensor for simultaneous detection of glucose, galactose and lactose

The swift and accurate diagnosis of diseases, particularly diabetes, remains a pressing and critical concern in healthcare. Monitoring blood glucose levels is imperative for diabetic patients to manage their condition effectively. Addressing this necessity, developing non-invasive, simultaneous detection devices for sugars shows immense promise. Herein, we introduce the design of a novel nano-biosensor employing edge‐functionalized graphene quantum dots, enabling the concurrent detection of three pivotal sugars: glucose, galactose, and lactose. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility and stability of the proposed biosensor. Our results show that the edge-functionalization of graphene quantum dots significantly enhances their binding affinity, with calculated average number of contacts of 2174 for glucose, 1085 for galactose, and 6274 for lactose. Furthermore, the radial distribution function analysis echoed these findings, highlighting lactose’s pronounced interaction with the biosensor, followed by glucose and then galactose. The detailed analysis reveals distinct and non-overlapping sugar bindings on the nano-biosensor surface, with lactose showing the highest affinity and interaction strength, followed by glucose and galactose. This innovative approach marks a significant stride forward in biosensor technology, providing a potential avenue for precise and dependable monitoring of blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.

Lamiaceae plants improve serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

AbstractThe Lamiaceae plant family has a positive impact on metabolic diseases. This study meta‐analyzed the data of different clinical trial studies on the impacts of these plants on blood lipid biomarkers including cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Scientific Information Database, MagIran, and Google Scholar to identify relevant published research up to December 20, 2023. The meta‐analysis revealed that the Lamiaceae family significantly reduced cholesterol (p < .001), triglyceride (p = .003), and LDL (p < .001) levels. The rise in HDL levels was not significantly impacted (p = .069). Subgroup studies revealed that Lamiaceae plants improve all lipid parameters for a short duration (≤8 weeks) while in a longer duration (>8 weeks) only LDL level is improved in the blood (p < .05). In addition, Lamiaceae plants specifically decreased LDL and cholesterol levels in diabetic patients and only LDL levels in the individuals who were hyperlipidemic or overweight/obese. Within the Lamiaceae family, the genera Satureja and Coleus had the most significant effects in decreasing triglyceride and LDL/cholesterol levels, respectively. Origanum was the only genus within the Lamiaceae family that significantly improved three lipid parameters (cholesterol, LDL, and HDL). The meta‐analysis confirmed that Lamiaceae plants could improve the levels of lipid parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Huperzine A targets Apolipoprotein E: A potential therapeutic drug for diabetic nephropathy based on omics analysis

AimsDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) without curative interventions currently. Huperzine A (Hup A), a natural alkaloid, has demonstrated significant hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aim to investigate the protective effects of Hup A on DN and explore the underlying mechanisms MethodsWe applied STZ induced diabetic rats as DN model and leveraged combination analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome, microbiome, and network pharmacology (NP). The total effect of Hup A on DN was detected (i.e. urine protein, renal tissue structure) and the differential genes were further verified at the level of diabetic patients, db/db mice and cells. Clinical data and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-Apoe were adopted. ResultsHup A alleviated kidney injury in DN rats. Transcriptomics data and Western blot indicated that the improvement in DN was primarily associated with Apoe and Apoc2. Additionally, metabolomics data demonstrated that DN-induced lipid metabolism disruption was regulated by Hup A, potentially involving sphingosine. Hup A also enriched microbial diversity and ameliorated DN-induced microbiota imbalance. Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations among the transcriptome, metabolome, and microbiome. Apoe level was positively correlated with clinical biomarkers in DN patients. Si-Apoe also played protective role in podocytes. NP analysis also suggested that Hup A may treat DN by modulating lipid metabolism, microbial homeostasis, and apoptosis, further validating our findings. ConclusionsCollectively, we provide the first evidence of the therapeutic effect of Hup A on DN, indicating that Hup A is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of DN.

The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Hemoglobin Glycation in Diabetics and Non-diabetics.

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form of nutritional anemia worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the population. It has significant negative effects on health and the economy, especially in poorer nations, and is more prevalent than anemia alone. Although hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is frequently used to track long-term glycemic management, several variables, including iron deficiency, might affect its values.For proper diabetic care, it is essential to comprehend this link. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of IDA on HbA1c levels in individuals with and without diabetes. Materials and methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, BLDE (Deemed to be University). Group 1 consists of diabetic patients with IDA, Group 2 consists of diabetic patients without IDA, and Group 3 consists of non-diabetics with IDA. A total of 108 patients were involved in the study. A complete hemogram, anemia profile, and HbA1c values were also a part of the data-gathering process. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) was used for the statistical analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The study found no significant changes in the mean age, gender distribution,hypertension prevalence, weight, height, pulse rate, or blood pressure across the groups. Group 2 exhibited considerably higher hemoglobin levels than Groups 1 and3. Group 1 showed substantially higher mean blood sugar and HbA1c levelsthan Group 3 (p < 0.05). Diabetic individuals had higher HbA1c levels than non-diabetic individuals, with the greatest levels found in diabetic patients with IDA. Conclusion This study found that IDA had a significant influence on HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, indicating that iron deficiency should be addressed when interpreting HbA1c levels in these individuals. These findings underscore the need for more study to better understand the processes behind this connection and the consequences for clinical management.

Recent Advances in the Development of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Management: Insights from In silico to In vitro Studies.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by high glucose levels, leading to serious threats such as diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most reliable measures for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia is to reduce the glucose level by inhibiting enzymes in the digestive system, such as Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase. Here, we have investigated the use of inhibitors to inhibit carbohydrate metabolism in order to restrict glucose levels in diabetic patients. Acarbose, Voglibose, and Miglitol are three inhibitors approved by the FDA that efficiently inhibit these two enzymes and thereby minimising hyperglycemia but are al-so significantly helpful in reducing the risk of cardiovascular effects. We also provide insight into the other known inhibitors currently available in the market. The adverse effects associated with other inhibitors emphasise the demand for the latest in silico screening and in vitro validation in the development of potent inhibitors with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. The recent findings suggest that Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase play a major role in carbohydrate metabolism and triggering the increase in glucose levels. This review pro-vides the latest scientific literature findings related to these two enzymes as well as the role of primary and secondary inhibitors as potential candidates. Moreover, this review elaborates the framework on the mechanism of action, different plant sources of extraction of these enzymes, as well as kinetic assay of inhibitors and their interaction that can be used in future prospects to de-velop potential leads to combat Type 2 diabetes.

Blood Glucose Dynamics in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Descriptive-Analytical Cross-Sectional Investigation

Background: Major surgeries cause metabolic stress and insulin resistance, leading to postoperative hyperglycemia and increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess blood sugar level changes in diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery and its confounding factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study compared blood sugar levels (BS) in 100 diabetic patients undergoing elective surgeries. Demographic data, medical history, surgery type, and anesthetic technique were documented. Laboratory assessments included fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Statistical analysis used SPSS software and nonparametric tests. Results: Postoperative blood sugar levels significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (mean change 11.40 ± 14.356 mg/dL). Age over 60 and general anesthesia were significant factors associated with elevated blood sugar. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant postoperative increase in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, particularly those aged over 60 and under general anesthesia.

Abstract Tu117: Unraveling the Role of Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L7/L12 (MRPL12) in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM) is a major cause of death in diabetic patients. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to heart failure in diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction mediating heart failure in diabetes are still poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7/L12 (MRPL12) in human and mouse models of type II diabetes (db/db mice, and high-fat diet fed (HFD) mice) with or without induction of myocardial infarction (MI). Mitochondrial respiration was measured by using sea horse and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by using confocal microscopy. Data was analyzed by using the mean of the groups was compared using a student t-test (for 2 groups) and ANOVA. We found increased MRPL12 levels in diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease compared to non-diabetic patients. Further we found elevated MRPL12 levels in the LV tissue of HFD fed mice with MI compared to low-fat diet-fed mice with MI. With the overexpression of MRPL12 under hyperglycemic conditions, the level of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was found downregulated, but cellular ATP and human cardiomyocyte cell death remained unchanged, However, there was notable impairment in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in hyperglycemia condition, along with changes in basal respiration oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and maximal respiratory capacity OCR. Overall, our results suggest MRPL12 may have a compensatory role in the diabetic hearts with ischemic heart disease. Therefore, our finding proposes new insights into the role of MRPL12 in the pathophysiology of MI in diabetes.

Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Educational Intervention on Treatment Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Insights from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Iran

Background: Diabetes is a significant and costly health problem worldwide, requiring effective interventions to improve adherence. The aim of this study was to increase treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes using constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: An educational intervention consisting of four sessions was conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Clinic affiliated with the Social Security Organization in Mobarakeh, Isfahan province, Iran. The mean difference before and after the intervention in HBM constructs and self-efficacy activities was compared using independent t-tests. The association between self-care behaviors before and after the educational intervention in both groups and the expected value of a part of the HBM was examined using linear regression. The threshold for statistical significance was P&lt;0.05. Results: After the intervention, the mean difference scores for all components of the HBM and self-efficacy increased significantly in the intervention group. In linear regression analysis, perceived vulnerability was the only variable that showed a direct and significant relationship with self-care in the intervention group. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that patient education improved all HBM constructs related to treatment adherence. This underscores the importance and effectiveness of self-care education in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

Associations of ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 polymorphisms with diabetes and their effects on lipids in an elderly Chinese population

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is generally accompanied by dyslipidaemia, but inconsistent relationships between lipid profiles and diabetes are noted. Moreover, genetic variations in insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms at angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) and T/C polymorphisms in the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) are related to diabetes and lipid levels, but the associations are controversial. Thus, the current research aimed to explore the effects of ACE I/D, AGTR1 rs5182 and diabetes mellitus on serum lipid profiles in 385 Chinese participants with an average age of 75.01 years.MethodsThe ACE I/D variant was identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, whereas the AGTR1 rs5182 polymorphism was identified using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and verified with DNA sequencing. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured using routine methods, and the lipid ratios were calculated.ResultsACE I/D, but not AGTR1 rs5182, was a predictor of TG/HDL-C for the whole study population. Both ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 were predictors of HDL-C and LDL-C levels in females but not in males. Moreover, in females, diabetes mellitus and ACE I/D were identified as predictors of TG and TG/HDL-C, whereas AGTR1 rs5182 and diabetes mellitus were predictors of TG/HDL-C. Moreover, diabetes mellitus and the combination of ACE I/D and AGTR1 rs5182 variations were predictors of TG and TG/HDL-C exclusively in females.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated the potential for gender-dependent interactions of ACE I/D, AGTR1 rs5182, and diabetes on lipid profiles. These findings may serve as an additional explanation for the inconsistent changes of blood lipids in individuals with diabetes mellitus, thereby offering a novel perspective for the clinical management of blood lipid levels in diabetic patients.

Investigation of Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Serum Ferritin Levels in Diabetic Patients with Poor Glycemic Control in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Aim/ Objective: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and associated complications. Assessing ferritin and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic patients can provide valuable insights into the management and progression of the disease. This study was aimed at assessing the ferritin and HbA1c levels in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and evaluate the clinical implications of these assessments. Methodology: This was a case-control study, comprising of 60 consenting participants including 30 uncontrolled diabetes patients, 15 controlled diabetic patients, and 15 non-diabetic with no history of the disease serving as controls. Ferritin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HbA1c levels were also determined using modified enzymatic reaction. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, diabetes duration, and medication history, were collected via questionnaires. Results: Analysis of variance (post-hoc) indicated significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher FBS, HbA1c and ferritin in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared with the non-diabetic individuals. In contrast, there was no significant difference (p = 0.973) in mean ferritin between patients with controlled diabetes and those with uncontrolled diabetes. In the entire study population, there was a significant relationship between ferritin and FBS (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p &lt; 0.001) level. Conclusion: In this study, the levels of FBS, HbA1c and ferritin were higher among the uncontrolled diabetes patients. This suggests the need to include ferritin in the panel of assay when screening for diabetes mellitus and when monitoring the progression of the disease.

Elucidating mechanisms and DFT analysis of monometallic Vanadium incorporated nanoporous TiO2 as advanced material for enzyme-free electrochemical blood glucose biosensors with exceptional performance tailored for point-of-care applications

Diabetes is a chronic condition that can last a lifetime and has claimed a great number of lives in recent years. This motivated scientists to design a glucose biosensor to monitor and control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Herein, hydrothermal derived Vanadium (V), Nickel (Ni), and Cobalt (Co)-dopedTiO2 (MxTi1-xO2 (x = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03)) was synthesized to achieve the best material to answer the pertaining problem. Of all the materials synthesized, V0.03Ti0.97O2@NF demonstrated the highest level of sensitivity, and selectivity, and has higher electrochemical cycling stability in 0.1 M KOH. It exhibits a very high sensitivity of 1129.31 μAmM-1cm-2 and Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limits of Quantification (LOQ) of 1.8 μM (S/N = 3) and 6.2 μM, respectively, with a broad linear range from 20 μM to 2 mM. The DFT approach was employed computationally to analyze the adsorption of glucose on surfaces of pure TiO2 and TiO2 doped with V, Ni, and Co respectively. The research findings highlight that when it comes to its interaction with glucose, pure TiO2 exhibits significantly less reactivity compared to transition metal-doped TiO2. Experimentally it shows thattheV0.03Ti0.97O2@NF surface has the most sensitiveglucose detection capability and it alsoexhibited significant selectivity towards glucose in the presence of additional interference. Itdemonstrated 100% retention after cycling stability and had a shelf life of ≃30 days. The V0.03Ti0.97O2@NF-based sensor exhibits accurate glucose sensing, even for human serum samples.

Reduced Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Patients After Using a Combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Pro-Mure) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercises (SD-Bex)

Background: One of the causes of diabetes mellitus is a person's lifestyle, namely their level of physical inactivity. So, to avoid complications, persons with diabetes mellitus require both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments to lower blood glucose values. Finding out if people with diabetes mellitus might reduce their blood glucose levels by combining a technique that involved slow deep breathing and progressive muscular relaxation was the primary goal of the research. Methods: This study is quasi-experimental because it uses a control group design with pre- and post-tests. The number of respondents is 34, and the method of sampling is purposive sampling. Twenty to twenty-five minutes of a combination of progressive muscle relaxation (Pro-Mure) and slow deep breathing exercises (SD-Bex) were administered to the experimental group, while the control group received the usual course of intervention. Values of blood glucose levels were the dependent variable. With a p-value of less than 0.05, the study used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to compare outcomes before and after treatment and the Mann-Whitney test to compare the experimental group to the control group. Results: We found that the intervention group's blood glucose value was 0.001 and the control group's was 0.025. A p-value of 0.001 was found on the value of blood glucose levels between the experimental group and the control group as a result of the study utilising the Mann-Whitney test. Conclusion: Those suffering from diabetes mellitus can find relief from their symptoms by combining the techniques of Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Slow Deep Breathing. Additionally, the method is simple to apply.

Relationship between Diabetes and Hyperuricemia in Zakho city – Kurdistan region of Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify associated factors. Methods: A total of 228 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Data including demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and serum uric acid levels were collected from medical records. Patients were categorized into two groups based on uric acid levels: hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL for males, ≥6 mg/dL for females) and non-hyperuricemic. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t-tests were utilized for analysis. Results: A total of 228 patient were included (60.53% of them were female), according to standard guidelines hyperuricemia was defined as (≥ 7 mg/dl for male and ≤ 6 mg/dl for female) among them, 39.47% exhibited hyperuricemia. Mean uric acid level was 5.84±2.03. Significant associations were observed between uric acid levels and age (p = 0.0003), marital status (p = 0.0358), duration of diabetes (p = 0.0013), and HbA1c levels (p &lt; 0.0001). However, other factors such as gender, smoking status, family history of diabetes, body mass index, and waist circumference did not show significant associations with uric acid levels. Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors such as older age, longer duration of diabetes, and poorer glycemic control were associated with higher uric acid levels. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and managing uric acid levels in diabetic patients to mitigate potential metabolic complications. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of this relationship.