Levels Of Waste Generation Research Articles

Green Hospital as a new Standard in Japan: How far can Neurosurgery go in Japan?

BackgroundClimate change is a significant challenge that the medical community must address. Hospitals are large facilities with high water and energy consumption, as well as high levels of waste generation, which makes it important to pursue green hospital initiatives. Neurosurgery requires substantial energy for surgeries and tests. MethodsBased on the keywords “Climate change,” “green hospital,” “neurosurgery,” “energy consumption,” “environmental impact” listed in this paper, we extracted representative manuscripts, and the practices employed in the authors’ hospital were assessed. ResultsThe “Guidelines for Environmental Consideration in Hospitals” and “Guidelines for the Sustainability of Hospital Environments” have been developed; however, they are not implemented in most hospitals in Japan. Inhalational anaesthetics were found to contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Educating patients and staff and employing the “8 Rs” (rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, research, renovation and revolution) showed promise in achieving green hospital standards. ConclusionThe advent of ‘green hospitals' in Japan is imminent. The active participation of neurosurgeons can play a crucial role in diminishing the environmental footprint of health care while simultaneously enhancing medical standards. Given the pressing challenges posed by climate change, there is a critical need for an overhaul of medical practices. It is imperative for neurosurgeons to pioneer the adoption of new, sustainable medical methodologies.

Penerapan Algoritma K-Means Clustering untuk Daerah Penyebaran Sampah Kelurahan

Waste in Indonesia, especially in Magelang City, has become a serious problem due to rapid population growth. Waste management issues, including landfills and collection, need effective handling. Data mining methods, such as K-Means clustering, can help identify areas with the highest levels of waste generation. This approach provides insights for the development of a more focused and efficient waste management strategy, a significant contribution to the improvement of Magelang City. By identifying the areas with the highest waste generation, waste management measures can be directed more efficiently and effectively. This includes increasing the transparency, capacity, and role of waste banks, as well as other efforts to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment and human health. After clustering, the waste in Magelang City was grouped into 3 clusters according to the supplier area and the volume of waste. Then after the evaluation stage with the silhouette score displays a value of 0.79 which is a good value because it is close to the value of 1.0. With this method, it is expected that the city government in handling waste in Magelang city can be done optimally, efficiently, and on target

An Analysis of interlinkages between economy, population, and environment

This article explores an understanding of dynamic and complex interlinkages between the economy, population, and environment. The rising population and economic growth levels have led to enormous levels of waste generation, pollution, and environmental degradation. There is a growing realization today that the consequences of an unabated population increase may likely upset the balance between people and resources, their hopes, aspirations, opportunities, and health. The overall quality of life has been found to be suffering even in some of the world’s richest countries. In the wake of increasing signs of deterioration in the natural environment, the quality of life in poor countries remains subjected to degradation by a failure to meet people’s minimum basic needs. Population growth and environmental challenges are linked, making remedies for each unlikely to work. Sustainable growth and environmental protection require a holistic approach. This method addresses population growth, environmental issues, and sustainable development’s economic, social, and ecological aspects. The issue is more complex than the mere size of the human population, despite the prevalent idea that human population growth could cause an environmental disaster on the planet. The new path needs to focus on values, ethics, morality, and clarity of goals of human life. The good life can be built not only by the accumulation of wealth but by ensuring the well-being of all. The livelihood of the poor depends directly on clean air, rich topsoil, and pure water. These basic natural resources need to be conserved to ensure social equity and the welfare of all. Economic growth today could be termed as a march from “self-reliance” to “reliance” as large numbers of people are deprived of basic necessities of life while a small proportion of the wealthy are leading a life of opulence and over-consumption. The entire development process, growth, and governance structures need “demystification, democratization, and decentralization.” Using economic instruments, adopting green technologies, clean products, and restoring natural resources could improve environmental quality. In the context of the above, the research paper to be presented would highlight the issues relating to environmental degradation and emphasize the concept of the green economy in detail.

Consumer Perceptions of Sustainable Products: A Systematic Literature Review

Due to the growing concern towards natural resource depletion and the increasing levels of waste generation caused by economic growth, sustainable consumption has gained the attention of both governments and society. Despite this, the market share of sustainable products remains low, and studies analysing the factors influencing consumers’ perception of sustainable products provide inconclusive results. This work aims to help bridge this gap by summarising the main literature results and focusing on practical implications. We perform a systematic literature review to identify the factors influencing consumers’ perception of sustainable products. Next, we classify these factors according to the triple bottom line framework, to provide a holistic perspective on the subject and present useful suggestions for companies. The findings suggest that most studies adopt a partial perspective on sustainability, focusing on only one of the sustainability dimensions or considering a single product category. The results also show that there are numerous factors that can influence consumer perception across all three sustainability dimensions. To increase the market share of sustainable products, companies should try and target new customer segments, by adopting a holistic approach to sustainability and analysing how consumers manage the trade-offs between the factors related to different sustainability dimensions. From a practical perspective, this study provides managers with a solid starting point to identify and assess the value of sustainable products in relation to the sustainability dimensions and the characteristics of the target customer segments.

Parameters of income level and season to determine the rate of household solid waste generation

Household solid waste is the most significant part of municipal solid waste. This research is a case study that proves the effect of economic and climate conditions on solid waste generation rate. The research location is Palembang, Indonesia (2017), with one year’s dry and rainy seasons. This study has more variation in measuring the level of waste generation than previous studies. This study has proven an influence between income levels and climatic conditions on the rate of municipal solid waste generation. Based on the experience of measuring solid waste in the sample, many important aspects have not been analysed and affect the solid waste generation rate. Therefore, more variables are needed for similar research in the future to obtain results that are closest to the conditions in the field.

Current state, issues and perspectives of construction waste recycling in Ukraine

The article analyzes the problem of construction and demolition waste disposal in Ukraine, which is especially relevant due to the increasing number of housing renovation projects and the intensification of national construction projects. Construction waste accounts for almost a third of the waste generated in most developed countries. The most efficient disposal method is recycling, i.e. recycling of secondary building resources (SBR). However, the share of recycled construction waste in Ukraine lags far behind developed countries (it is about 6% of its total volume). The high level of waste generation and low rates of its use as secondary raw materials (SRM) have led to the fact that a significant amount of solid waste accumulates annually in the industrial and civil sectors of Ukraine, only a small part of which is used as SRM, the rest ends up in landfills. The difference between waste management in Ukraine, compared with other developed countries, is in the large volumes of waste generation and the lack of infrastructure to recycle it. The issues of the environmental impact of construction waste are considered, and the main cost-effective technologies for processing SBR are identified and considered in this research. With the help of market mechanisms and government regulations, these technologies may become promising for investment and their development will be beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses. Perspective areas of construction waste recycling in order to obtain demanded products are presented; existing advantages and technologies of processing SRM are also considered: solid waste processing, biothermal composting, wood waste processing, recycling of construction waste and metallurgical slag, etc.

Waste Management Practices Influence on Operating Cost among Selected Classified Hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya

The world is currently battling the challenge of environmental degradation which is rising at an alarming rate. The situation is greatly attributed to poor waste management. The hospitality industry being a major consumer of resources contributes a lot towards waste generation. Regardless of the high level of waste generation, a lot of hotels continue to use improper waste management practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of waste management practices on operating cost of classified hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study sought to determine the effect of waste reduction strategies, waste composting, and waste collection and disposal on operating cost of classified hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study also ascertained the moderating effect of stakeholder cooperation on the relationship between waste management practices and operating cost of classified hotels. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised of 61 classified hotels in Nakuru County. Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides were used to gather data. Quantitative analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The research revealed that waste management practices affect operating cost of hotels (R2 = 0.467, p = 0.000). Waste reduction was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on operating cost (β = -0.167, p = 0.021). Waste composting was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on operating cost of classified hotels (β = -.161, p = 0.030). Waste collection and disposal was found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on operating cost of hotels (β = 0.299, p = 0.001). Lastly, stakeholder cooperation was found to have a statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between waste management practices and operating cost of hotels (R2 = 0.532, p = 0.019). Therefore, the study recommend that hotels should prioritize effective waste management practices ascertained to be waste reduction, recycling and waste composting in order to curb the challenge of increasing operating cost. The research also recommended that national waste management policy makers should enact policies that facilitate implementation of effective waste management practices recommended by the study. Keywords: Waste management practices, waste reduction, waste composting, waste collection and disposal, stakeholder cooperation, operating cost

Plastics Flow Analysis for Korea, 2017-2019

As one of the world''s top producers and top consumers of plastics, Korea has been experiencing problems with regard to the management of waste plastics since 2018, such as collection service disruptions, illegal abandonment and exports of waste, and marine pollution. To gain a complete understanding of Korea''s contemporary management of plastics, this study quantified national plastic flows across production, use, and end-of-life management between 2017 and 2019. In 2017, Korea produced 17.5 million metric tons of plastic resins, more than half of which was exported, and consumed 7 million metric tons of plastic products including 3.2 million metric tons of packaging. On a per-capita basis, Korea''s plastic consumption and waste generation were higher than that of other major economies, such as Japan, China, the United States, and Europe, which implies considerable potential for plastic consumption reduction. Despite the high level of waste generation, Korea has increased the level of material recycling while minimizing the landfill rate by implementing various policies, such as waste levies, voluntary agreements, and extended producer responsibility. For more sustainable plastic management, Korea must make additional efforts to reduce plastic consumption and promote high-quality recycling, for example through circular design, business models with less packaging, and advanced technologies.

Waste-free Technologies Implementation for Secondary Dairy Raw Materials Processing

Topicality. The dairy industry as a branch, characterized by a high level of waste generation, is the object of widespread baromembrane processes use. At the same time, scientists continue to work on the introduction of new dairy products types, new ways of raw materials processing, improving the quality and competitiveness of products. According to “The concept of state policy in the field of healthy nutrition of the population in Ukraine”, one of the ways to solve this problem is to ensure the necessary production of raw materials and food products, in particular protein, available to all population segments, to search and improve modern technologies in producing high quality food products and ways of achieving their long-term biosafety. Expanding the range of protein foods, increasing their biological value, as well as creating a new generation of products that follow the requirements of healthy nutrition, is an urgent task of modern society. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is the targeted usage of nutrients in secondary dairy raw materials, which is fully ensured by their concentration due to the baromembrane processing of raw materials. The aim of the article is an analytical study of the main directions of waste-free processing of secondary dairy raw into food products using membrane separation methods, in order to further creation of advanced technologies for the production of concentrated dairy semi-finished products. Research methods: analytical, standard conventional physicochemical, biochemical, calometric, as well as methods of experiment planning and mathematical processing of experimental data using modern computer programmes. Research results. The analysis of studies in the dependence of concentration factor of secondary dairy raw materials membrane processing (skimmed milk, buttermilk and curd whey) on the duration of the process is presented. The chemical composition of the products with the secondary milk raw materials ultrafiltration concentration is analyzed: retentates and permeates. A schematic diagram of the complex processing of skimmed milk and buttermilk into finished food products with the ultrafiltration process participation is presented. An improved scheme for the processing of whey into functional products using membrane technologies is presented. The scheme of non-waste technologies of whole milk processing with complex usage of secondary milk raw materials (waste) into industrial use is elaborated. Conclusions and discussion. The usage of membrane ways for raw milk processing, in particular, secondary, allows to introduce waste-free technologies of its processing for further implementation both at restaurant enterprises, and at other manufactures of food industry, that solves an important task of society development. The research results of the change in the concentration factor from the duration of the membrane processing the secondary dairy raw materials indicate the effectiveness of the bubbling method use during ultrafiltration concentration of skimmed milk, buttermilk and whey from sour cheese. Studies of the qualitative characteristics of the products with ultrafiltration concentration of secondary dairy raw materials confirm the growth of protein, fat and solids content, and the preservation of the native qualities of raw milk. The results of preliminary researches of the membrane processing methods for secondary dairy raw materials made it possible to elaborate the schemes for technologies in waste-free processing both definite types of presented products, and the general technology for whole milk processing.

Regional monitoring frameworks for the circular economy: implications from a territorial perspective

ABSTRACT Progress in implementing circular solutions in European regions has so far been limited. This is partly due to the multifaceted territorial contexts characterizing the continent. Ultimately, the understanding of territorial dynamics is key to envisage a successful transition to a circular economy (CE). However, CE discussion from a regional standpoint is still limited and CE frameworks that can be applied to monitor and measure the CE potential in a specific territory remain at a rather theoretical level. This paper contributes to this research gap by (1) presenting a regional monitoring framework across three case studies; (2) analysing the respective territorial patterns from a CE perspective. The three case studies include the central cross-border Scandinavian area, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, and the Duchy of Luxembourg. The results reveal that circular initiatives are generally designed on the basis of available local resources and, depending on these, regional strategies seek to optimize the technical and/or biological cycles of local economies. Furthermore, the increasing levels of waste generation observed in all case studies challenge traditional waste policy approaches, generally centred on end-of-life management, in favour of more ambitious initiatives aimed at optimizing use of resources and preventing waste.

A pathway to involve consumers for exchanging electronic waste: a deep learning integration of structural equation modelling and artificial neural network.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has disrupted every human life by putting the global activities at halt. In such a situation, people while staying at home tend to have an increased consumption which also leads to an increased level of waste generation. The case of electronic waste is also not different; however, it has severe repercussions while comparing it with other general household wastes. The application of reverse logistics by the manufacturers though serve the purpose but its success is highly dependent on the participation of the consumers. Hence, the present study is an attempt to gauge the level of participation of the consumers in the reverse exchange programs. Because of the predictability limitations of the typical Structural-Equation-Modelling models, the present study employs the deep learning of the dual-staged partial least squares-structural equation modelling artificial neural network approach. The findings of the study confirms the individual’s attitude as the most significant determinant of the intention to exchange, followed by level of awareness and norms, whereas perceived behavior control was found to be least important though significant. Based on these findings, the manufacturers have been recommended to improve the consumers’ involvement in reverse exchange programs, whereas government institutions are also recommended to encourage public–private partnerships in channelizing the product returns.

Issues on a Solid Waste Management System in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Naturally, human daily activities will be the cause of waste generation. This is one of the unavoidable reasons in daily life and the resulting waste needs to be managed. Most residents from various backgrounds face the problem of efficient waste management [1,2]. Among other causes or reasons are such as population growth which makes waste management more challenging, more people in certain locations resulting in higher levels of waste generation. The rapid growth in the construction industry as a result of the development of subsistence standards, demands of infrastructure projects, changes in habits, as well as population growth have been major contributors to waste generation [3,4].

Critical assessment of renewable energy waste generation in OECD countries: Decommissioned PV panels

Rigorous deployment of photovoltaic panels has resulted in an exponential increase in the volume of discarded panels, which impose serious and crucial challenges to the management of end-of-life (EoL) PV modules. Most OECD countries have not yet taken considerable steps to tackle this growing challenge. This paper projected the PV waste stream from the year 2001 to the year 2058, based on the historical PV installation in OECD countries using Weibull function and implementation of two forecasting scenarios of early-loss and regular loss. The significance of the findings reveal that the cumulative volume of the waste is estimated to vary from 25 to 28.5 Million Tons (MT) breaking down to the major waste flow such as base and special metals (4.58 MT) and other metals (2.37 MT), followed by nonmetal waste (25.69 MT) including glass and EVA by 68% and 26% respectively. There are a few countries which meet the minimum annual PV waste of 20 Kilo Tons (KT) between 2026 and 2027 to establish the treatment business solely; however, few other countries do not meet the minimum waste generation level until 2032 and have to join other member countries to run a joined treatment program. The gross value creation of the recovered waste materials (Billion USD 36–42) disclosed a very promising vision that would be an attractive incentive to involve all parties. Finally, proactive policy and management strategy are required to create new economic avenues to prosper competitive markets on the recovered materials leading to environmental and economic sustainability.

The effect of cassava effluent and empty oil palm fruit bunch on remediation of petroleum polluted soil and crop production in the tropics: A review

Purpose There is an increased demand for proper utilization of wastes to benefit humans especially as it relates to generation of economic gains. Although the agro-based industry and the petroleum industry contribute to high levels of waste generation, it is possible that the wastes from the agro industry could be used for management of petroleum hazards and pollution. This review focuses on the identification of potential benefits of two highly ignored agro wastes: cassava effluent and empty oil palm bunch, which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the disease causing potentials of these wastes for people living where they are disposed. Methods In this review, we utilized available literature to reveal the importance of agro wastes as well as their different beneficial applications especially as they concern the remediation of crude oil pollution. Results Evidence from previous research indicates that cassava effluent contains some beneficial nutrient components that negatively affect soil chemistry and plant growth. The use of empty oil palm bunch, on the other hand, has been reported to contribute to the improvement of soil nutrient properties and crop production. Conclusion We postulate that the chemical constituent of these two agricultural wastes may significantly complement their ability to improve crop production when combined, as well as mediate cleanup of soils exposed to crude oil pollution over time.

Econometric Modelling of Solid Waste Generation in Jordan

The objective of this study is to develop an econometric model that might help decision-makers to imply better policies based on the information about key factors influencing the amount of waste generation in Jordan. We found out that the most informative factor is the level of consumption which is correlated with the number of population and gross national income. Consumption culture itself rather than the population growth stimulates waste production. In order to reduce the level of waste generation, it is necessary to move from an unreasonable culture of unrestrained consumption to a reasonable and responsible attitude to the resources of the country and the environment as a whole. It is also necessary to introduce modern waste management methods, develop technologies for waste recycling and reuse. Keywords: waste, consumption, population, GNI, employment, econometric tests, regression analysis, time series DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-16-22 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Residents Social Behavior in The Implementation of Denpasar City Waste Management Policy

With the increasing level of waste generation in Denpasar city reaching above 1000 tons per day in the midst of rapid population growth and a surge in tourism activities, residents’ adherence to waste management procedures constitutes a vital component in the government policy strategy towards tackling waste management challenges related to health , hygiene and environmental sustainability. This study aims to ascertain and analyze, implementation of Denpasar City waste management policy, to ascertain and analyze the social behavior of Denpasar city residents in the implementation of waste management policy, and to find out and analyze factors influencing the implementation of Denpasar city waste management policy. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with research informants selected through purposive sampling technique, observation, and review of documents. Triangulation method was used for data validation while Miles-Huberman's interactive data analysis model was used analysis. Conclusion drawn from this research is that residents' parochial and non-compliance behavior to waste management standard operational procedures hinder effective implementation of waste management policy in Denpasar city..

Residents Social Behavior in The Implementation of Denpasar City Waste Management Policy

With the increasing level of waste generation in Denpasar city reaching above 1000 tons per day in the midst of rapid population growth and a surge in tourism activities, residents’ adherence to waste management procedures constitutes a vital component in the government policy strategy towards tackling waste management challenges related to health , hygiene and environmental sustainability. This study aims to ascertain and analyze, implementation of Denpasar City waste management policy, to ascertain and analyze the social behavior of Denpasar city residents in the implementation of waste management policy, and to find out and analyze factors influencing the implementation of Denpasar city waste management policy. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with research informants selected through purposive sampling technique, observation, and review of documents. Triangulation method was used for data validation while Miles-Huberman's interactive data analysis model was used analysis. Conclusion drawn from this research is that residents' parochial and non compliance behavior to waste management standard operational procedures hinder effective implementation of waste management policy in Denpasar city.

Waste generation in Spain. Do Spanish regions exhibit a similar behavior?

We analyze waste generation differences across Spanish regions by studying the evolution of two complementary indicators: municipal solid waste per unit of GDP as well as in per capita terms. To that end, we apply the recent statistic developed by Phillips and Sul (2007) which allows us to test for the null hypothesis of convergence. In the present case, this hypothesis is equivalent to admitting that the waste generation follows a similar path across the Spanish regions. Our results lead us to reject this hypothesis, which implies that Spanish regional waste generation is quite heterogenous and exhibits several patterns of behavior. We observe that the northern regions exhibit the lowest waste ratios while the insular and Mediterranean coast regions have the highest waste generation. This different behavior is also explained by some socioeconomic factors. Per capita income, environmental spending and education level are helpful in this regard. The population dispersion and the number of years that a region has been governed by a left-wing party are also associated with lower levels of waste generation. Finally, we can also observe that the regions with the highest levels of waste generation are greatly dependent on the tourism industry. Then, strategies targeting the transit towards a more sustainable economy in Spain should take into account this fact. In particular, the adoption of methods for the reduction of the waste levels generated by tourism activities in these areas can be very useful.

Ranking European countries on the basis of their environmental and circular economy performance: A DEA application in MSW

The scope of this research is to present a more holistic approach on measuring countries’ performance in managing and exploiting their Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Specifically, we argue that relying solely on criteria like the recycling and/or the cyclical material use rate, can lead to an overestimation or underestimation of countries’ true performance. That is because the level of waste generation is left unaccounted, despite the fact that low waste generation is an important environmental target, and so is the countries’ true potential, as it is reflected by their economic and social progress.Instead, we measure the environmental and circular economy performance of 26 European Union countries by implementing Data Envelopment Analysis and tackle the aforementioned problem by using the generated quantity of MSW per capita and the three dimensions of the Social Progress Index as inputs and the recycling and/or the cyclical material use rate as outputs. We do so, using a basic framework and a framework that imposes common weights to enforce a full ranking of the countries.Our study shows large disparities among European countries, with respect to their performance. Interestingly though, the borders between Western and Eastern Europe have fallen, but not those between the north and the south: old EU members, such as Spain or France, perform significantly worst, both from an environmental and a circular economy perspective, than newer members, such as Slovenia or Poland. Finally, Belgium has been revealed as the best performer, both from an environmental and a cyclical economy perspective.

Analysis of regional differentiation in waste generation and conclusions for Russia

The problem of waste generation and utilization is one of the most important goals of sustainable development in the modern world. The article provides a statistical analysis of the level of waste generation and utilization in Russia, which is assessed as high in comparison with the European Union countries. Based on statistical analysis, a high level of regional differentiation in waste generation and utilization in Russia was determined. On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis it was revealed that regional differentiation is based on different provision of aregions with natural resources and degree of industrial production development. The key directions for reducing regional differentiation are environmental industrial policy, formation of regional environmental institutions and environmentally-oriented behavior of all economic subjects of the regional economy.