Turbulence Levels Research Articles

Large-eddy simulation of upwind-hill effects on wind-turbine wakes and power performance

The present study utilizes high-fidelity large-eddy simulation (LES) to examine the upwind-hill impacts on wind-turbine wakes and power performance. Both the LES and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) show good agreement with the experimental results of average velocity, whereas the LES exhibits great improvements in predicting turbulence characteristics. In turbine simulations, the wake half-width shows different behaviors in the hill and flat cases. The Gaussian and cosine distributions are good representations of the unskewed profiles of velocity deficit, although some discrepancies are seen around the wake edges. However, the spanwise profiles of velocity deficit become skewed in some hill cases. The non-zero pressure gradient (NZPG) model is employed to predict the velocity deficit in the wakes of a hilltop-sited turbine, and a generalized condition is proposed so that the NZPG model can work in the scenario where the pressure gradients at the turbine location or in its near wakes are not zero. Appropriately assigning initial values for the NZPG model is important for its successful use. The presence of the upwind hill has an adverse influence on the power output of the hilltop-sited turbine. The installation of wind turbines in the valley region near upwind hills is not recommended due to the limited wind-energy resources and intense turbulence levels.

Experimental study of the upstream bathymetry effects on a ducted twin vertical axis turbine

Tidal turbines at sea are subject to complex flow conditions. Among that complexity, wide bathymetry obstacles can generate powerful coherent flow structures whose impact on horizontal axis tidal turbines was proved to be highly detrimental. Consequently, the present paper aims at studying the effects of such coherent flow structures on the response of another tidal turbine geometry, namely a bottom-mounted ducted twin vertical axis tidal turbine (2-VATT). We tested a 1/20 scale model of such a 2-VATT in Ifremer’s flume tank either with a flat bed or downstream of a wide bathymetry obstacle at a constant far upstream velocity and we measured the turbine response simultaneously with the flow velocity. These flow measurements make it possible to compute cross-correlations in order to analyse the influence of the velocity fluctuation on the turbine response. The results reveal a strong drop in the average power and loads coefficients of the 2-VATT combined with significantly larger fluctuation. The velocity deficit and the high level of turbulence in the obstacle wake is responsible for a 40% lower average power coefficient and more than 3 times higher standard deviation compared to the flat bed configuration. The loads standard deviations are multiplied by 2 for the drag and by 10 for the lift when the 2-VATT is downstream of the bathymetry obstacle. This behaviour strongly increases the risks of structural fatigue failure, but the turbine drifting or overturning risks under those conditions remain lower than with the flat bed. The power fluctuation increase appears to be mostly due to the flow shear in the obstacle wake whereas the load fluctuation is mostly due to the periodical passing of the coherent flow structures. Thus, a proper characterisation of the flow at each precise turbine locations prior deployment at sea is highly recommended to design their structure accordingly.

Effect of backward-facing step and turbulence level on film cooling characteristic of a turbine concave endwall with upstream leakage flow

The coolant from the leakage slot between the turbine and the combustor can not only hinder the intrusion of the hot mainstream gas into the turbine components but also provide thermal protection to the turbine endwall. Whereas, the film cooling characteristic of the endwall is greatly influenced by the backward-facing step caused by the foundry, assembly, and thermal expansion. Furthermore, in a real aeroengine, the top endwall of the turbine cascade passage presents a concave profile, which results in the flow physics behavior of the concave endwall being more complex than that of the plane or convex endwall. Consequently, this paper experimentally and numerically investigated the film cooling performance of the concave endwall with the upstream leakage flow and backward-facing step. The film cooling effectiveness of the endwall was measured using the pressure sensitive paint technique in a high-speed wind tunnel with four annular passages. The effect of mass flow ratio, backward-facing step height, and turbulence level on the endwall film cooling characteristic was investigated. Additionally, the numerical simulation method with the steady-state Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equation was also employed to explore the flow field visualization and aerodynamic performance. The experimental result indicates that the film cooling effectiveness of the concave endwall quickly enhances as the mass flow ratio increases, however, the effectiveness of the area close to the pressure side hardly alters due to the strong passage crossflow. The presence of the backward-facing step intensifies the leakage vortex and the horseshoe vortex, which greatly reduces the cooling effectiveness of the endwall for all the mass flow ratio cases. As the height of the backward-facing step increases, the cooling effectiveness of the endwall further declines, especially when the mass flow ratio is >1.25 %, the cooling effectiveness of the endwall upstream of the leading edge of the vane decreases by >20 %. Furthermore, due to the intense turbulence disturbance of the endwall boundary layer, the high turbulence level case has a larger coverage of the leakage coolant on the endwall than that of the low turbulence level case, particularly the area close to the pressure side. Nonetheless, the high turbulence intensity gives rise to the reduction of the cooling effectiveness in most areas of the passage endwall for all the mass flow ratio cases. The numerical results indicate that the backward-facing step greatly increases the strength of the leakage vortex, and it gradually merges the horseshoe vortex into a new extra-large-sized horseshoe vortex upstream of the vane leading edge as the mass flow ratio increases. Moreover, the backward-facing step induces the recirculation vortex at the outlet of the leakage slot, which hugely reduces the jet momentum of the leakage coolant. In terms of aerodynamic performance, the leakage flow results in the total pressure loss coefficient of the cascade passage increasing by >15.8 %, whereas, the total pressure loss coefficient reduces when the backward-facing step appears. Finally, the purpose of this study is to provide some cooling technical guidance for thermal protection designers of turbine concave endwalls, suggesting the height of the backward-facing step should not be >2 mm and the mass flow ratio of the leakage coolant not be <1.25 %.

Thermal performance of Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids for cooling system using a helically coiled tube in a brushless direct current motor

Thermal performance of Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids for cooling system using a helically coiled tube in a brushless direct current motor has been investigated numerically. The numbers of helical coils number were varied by 4, 6, 8, and 10 in coils and represented by Helical numbers 362, 355, 352, and 350, respectively. To solve the velocity and pressure discretization, the SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) method was applied whereas to solve the energy and momentum equations, second order upwind was used. The result revealed that Nusselt number of Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids is greater than water, with an increased Nusselt number of 3.7% and 10.42% for 1 vol.% and 2 vol.%, respectively. The added nanoparticles concentration of Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids could not reduce significantly the stator temperature. Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids can reduce the stator temperature by 0.92% and 1.82% for 1 vol.% and vol.2%, respectively compared to water. However, the increased Reynolds number can reduce the stator temperature for all the observed working fluids. Helical number can affect the Nusselt number due to the influence of the helical geometry on the fluid’s flow behavior, heat transfer properties, and turbulence levels. Nusselt number of Al2O3-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluids at 1 vol.% has a higher value than water in each variation with an average increase in Nusselt number of 4.12% for all helical numbers.

Study on inhomogeneous hydrogen–air mixture flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition

This paper discusses the effect of obstacle spacing on flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in inhomogeneous hydrogen–air mixture using the OpenFOAM open-source code and large eddy simulation technology based on the unsteady compressible reacting flow Navier–Stokes equation and the detailed chemical reaction mechanism of 9 species and 21 steps. The results show that the obstacle spacing has a more significant impact on the rapid deflagration state, manifested as an inverse relationship between the flame propagation speed and the obstacle spacing due to the negative correlation between the interference intensity of obstacles to the flow within a unit channel length and the obstacle spacing. In addition, under all conditions considered in this paper, the main mechanisms of FA and DDT are the same. Further analysis reveals that the detonation initiation dynamics portrayed in this study seem more aligned with the mechanisms proposed by Liberman and akin to the shock wave amplification mechanism of coherent energy release models. As the obstacle spacing increases, the run-up distance and the acceleration time of supersonic flames and DDT also increase. This paper also observes that the flame structure during explosion flame propagation has typical self-similarity, and the turbulence level in the obstacle area is higher, resulting in a larger fractal dimension. During flame acceleration, there is a mode transition from the “thin reaction zone” to the “broken reaction zone.”

Forming giant planets around late-M dwarfs: Pebble accretion and planet–planet collision

We propose a pebble-driven core accretion scenario to explain the formation of giant planets around the late-M dwarfs of M★=0.1– 0.2 M⊙. In order to explore the optimal disk conditions for giant planet, we performed N-body simulations to investigate the growth and dynamical evolution of both single and multiple protoplanets in the disks with both inner viscously heated and outer stellar irradiated regions. The initial masses of the protoplanets are either assumed to be equal to 0.01 M⊕ or calculated based on the formula derived from streaming instability simulations. Our findings indicate that massive planets are more likely to form in disks with longer lifetimes, higher solid masses, moderate to high levels of disk turbulence, and larger initial masses of protoplanets. In the single protoplanet growth cases, the highest planet core mass that can be reached is generally lower than the threshold necessary to trigger rapid gas accretion, which impedes the formation of giant planets. Nonetheless, in multi-protoplanet cases, the cores can exceed the pebble isolation mass barrier aided by frequent planet–planet collisions. This consequently speeds their gas accretion up and promotes giant planet formation, making the optimal parameter space to grow giant planets substantially wider. Taken together, our results suggest that even around very-low-mass stellar hosts, the giant planets with orbital periods of ≲100 days are still likely to form when lunar-mass protoplanets first emerge from planetesimal accretion and then grow rapidly by a combination of pebble accretion and planet–planet collisions in disks with a high supply of a pebble reservoir &gt;50 M⊕ and a turbulent level of αt ~ 10−3−10−2.

Simulating Compressive Stream Interaction Regions during Parker Solar Probe’s First Perihelion Using Stream-aligned Magnetohydrodynamics

We used the stream-aligned magnetohydrodynamics (SA-MHD) model to simulate Carrington rotation 2210, which contains Parker Solar Probe’s (PSP) first perihelion at 36.5 R ⊙ on 2018 November 6, to provide context to the in situ PSP observations by FIELDS and SWEAP. The SA-MHD model aligns the magnetic field with the velocity vector at each point, thereby allowing for clear connectivity between the spacecraft and the source regions on the Sun, without unphysical magnetic field structures. During this Carrington rotation, two stream interaction regions (SIRs) form, due to the deep solar minimum. We include the energy partitioning of the parallel and perpendicular ions and the isotropic electrons to investigate the temperature anisotropy through the compression regions to better understand the wave energy amplification and proton thermal energy partitioning in a global context. Overall, we found good agreement in all in situ plasma parameters between the SA-MHD results and the observations at PSP, STEREO-A, and Earth, including at PSP’s perihelion and through the compression region of the SIRs. In the typical solar wind, the parallel proton temperature is preferentially heated, except in the SIR, where there is an enhancement in the perpendicular proton temperature. This is further showcased in the ion cyclotron relaxation time, which shows a distinct decrease through the SIR compression regions. This work demonstrates the success of the Alfvén wave turbulence theory for predicting interplanetary magnetic turbulence levels, while self-consistently reproducing solar wind speeds, densities, and overall temperatures, including at small heliocentric distances and through SIR compression regions.

Emergence and cosmic evolution of the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation driven by interstellar turbulence

The scaling relations between the gas content and star formation rate of galaxies provide useful insights into the processes governing their formation and evolution. We investigated the emergence and the physical drivers of the global Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation at 0.25 ≤ z ≤ 4 in the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation NEWHORIZON, capturing the evolution of a few hundred galaxies with a resolution down to 34 pc. The details of this relation vary strongly with the stellar mass of galaxies and the redshift. A power-law relation ΣSFR ∝ Σgasa with a ≈ 1.4, like that found empirically, emerges at z ≈ 2 − 3 for the more massive half of the galaxy population. However, no such convergence is found in the lower-mass galaxies, for which the relation gets shallower with decreasing redshift. At galactic scales, the star formation activity correlates with the level of turbulence of the interstellar medium, quantified by the Mach number, rather than with the gas fraction (neutral or molecular), confirming the conclusions found in previous works. With decreasing redshift, the number of outliers with short depletion times diminishes, reducing the scatter of the KS relation, while the overall population of galaxies shifts toward low densities. Our results, from parsec-scale star formation models calibrated with local Universe physics, demonstrate that the cosmological evolution of the environmental (e.g., mergers) and internal conditions (e.g., gas fractions) conspire to shape the KS relation. This is an illustration of how the interplay of global and local processes leaves a detectable imprint on galactic-scale observables and scaling relations.

Coarse grained simulation and dynamic bridging for turbulent mixing predictions

We revisit coarse-grained simulation strategies for turbulent material mixing driven by shocked/accelerated material interfaces, based on LANL’s Radiation Adaptive Grid Eulerian (xRAGE)–Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), and dynamic bridging xRAGE LES and Besnard–Harlow–Rauenzahn Reynolds-Averaged-Navier–Stokes using Low-Mach-Corrected hydrodynamics. Tests of the new simulation paradigms demonstrate improved scale-resolving, enabling higher simulated mixing and turbulence levels on coarser grids. Impact assessments are carried out based on simulations of shock-tube experiments.

Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions

A framework characterizing the degradation of wind turbines for use in multiple-input damage-aware farm control is suggested. The focus is on the fatigue damage of the powertrain (drivetrain + generator) system, but the methodology may be extended to other components. A database of steady-state damage analyses for different operating conditions (average wind speeds, turbulence levels, power demands, and yaw misalignment angles) using aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations is first generated. Then, a weighted damage index based on probabilistic long-term fatigue damage analysis of the powertrain system components is suggested and used to represent degradation at the farm level for control purposes. The focus is on curtailed conditions where the farm controller dispatches power commands to individual turbines in order to track a demanded power reference (rather than seeking to maximize power) at the farm level. As a secondary objective, the controller seeks to mitigate degradation through a smart combination of power commands and yaw offset angles, making use of the weighted degradation index. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study on the TotalControl Reference Wind Power Plant in a FLORIS-based simulation framework. The proposed farm controller is compared with the conventional one without damage mitigation feature and with damage mitigation but without yaw angle as the control input. It is found that combining yawing and downregulation effectively slows down degradation on the main bearing and powertrain as a whole.

Quantifying mud settling velocity as a function of turbulence and salinity in a deltaic estuary

Mud settling velocity in coastal regions is controlled by flocculation, which in turn strongly depends on turbulence, chemistry, and biology of the water-sediment mixture. As a result, mud settling velocity can be poorly constrained, and vary in space and time by orders of magnitude. Here we quantified mud settling velocity in Barataria Basin, a deltaic estuary in Louisiana (USA), using three independent methods: eddy covariance (one station for 200 days), floc cameras (4 stations at one time), and Rouse profile inversion (14 stations, replicated 10–30 times each). Eddy covariance indicates that settling velocity increases with turbulence, at least within the range experienced at the site (shear rate G up to 10 Hz). Settling velocity increases with salinity (in the 0 to 6 psμ range) for moderate turbulence levels (5 < G < 10 Hz), but it is nearly independent of salinity for low levels of turbulence (G < 5 Hz). Consistent with this finding, floc camera measurements – taken at low turbulence levels – indicate similar floc sizes for salinities from 0.4 to 20 psu. Settling velocity estimated from a Rouse profile inversion also lacks a dependence on salinity, likely because they were taken at low turbulence levels. This study is novel in that it utilizes three methodologies to independently predict the mud settling velocity, with quantified settling velocity values ranging 0.1–1 mm/s, and with most values between 0.2 and 0.5 mm/s. Overall these measurements confirm that mud is flocculated in both the saline and freshwater zones of Barataria Basin, and that turbulence is the largest factor controlling mud settling velocity. Nonetheless, salinity can increase mud settling velocity up to a factor of two. These results could inform the management of sediment imported into estuaries from freshwater sources, such as through natural drainages, crevasse splays, and engineered river diversions.

In vitro investigation of the blood flow downstream of a 3D-printed aortic valve

The hemodynamics in the aorta as well as the durability of aortic valve prostheses vary greatly between different types of devices. Although placement and sizing of surgical aortic valve prostheses are excellent, the valve geometry of common devices cannot be customized to fit the patient’s anatomy perfectly. Similarly, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices are not customizable and may be orientated unfavorably during implantation. Imperfect fit of an aortic valve prosthesis may result in suboptimal performance and in some cases the need for additional surgery. Leveraging the advent of precision, multi-material 3D-printing, a bioinspired silicone aortic valve was developed. The manufacturing technique makes it fully customizable and significantly cheaper to develop and produce than common prostheses. In this study, we assess the hemodynamic performance of such a 3D-printed aortic valve and compare it to two TAVI devices as well as to a severely stenosed valve. We investigate the blood flow distal to the valve in an anatomically accurate, compliant aorta model via three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry measurements. Our results demonstrate that the 3D-printed aortic valve induces flow patterns and topology compatible with the TAVI valves and showing similarity to healthy aortic blood flow. Compared to the stenosis, the 3D-printed aortic valve reduces turbulent kinetic energy levels and irreversible energy losses by over 75%, reaching values compatible with healthy subjects and conventional TAVIs. Our study substantiates that the 3D-printed heart valve displays a hemodynamic performance similar to established devices and underscores its potential for driving innovation towards patient specific valve prostheses.

Linear and nonlinear receptivity mechanisms in boundary layers subject to free-stream turbulence

Large-eddy simulations of a flat-plate boundary layer, without a leading edge, subject to multiple levels of incoming free-stream turbulence are considered in the present work. Within an input–output model, where nonlinear terms of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are treated as an external forcing, we manage to separate inputs related to perturbations coming through the intake of the numerical domain, whose evolution represents a linear mechanism, and the volumetric nonlinear forcing due to triadic interactions. With these, we perform the full reconstruction of the statistics of the flow, as measured in the simulations, to quantify pairs of wavenumbers and frequencies more affected by either linear or nonlinear receptivity mechanisms. Inside the boundary layer, different wavenumbers at near-zero frequency reveal streaky structures. Those that are amplified predominantly via linear interactions with the incoming vorticity occur upstream and display transient growth, while those generated by the nonlinear forcing are the most energetic and appear in more downstream positions. The latter feature vortices growing proportionally to the laminar boundary layer thickness, along with a velocity profile that agrees with the optimal amplification obtained by linear transient growth theory. The numerical approach presented is general and could potentially be extended to any simulation for which receptivity to incoming perturbations needs to be assessed.

Comprehensive approaches, materials, and evaluations of TEFL along with the manifestation of multilingual competencies’ challenges from the perspective of public and private universities of Bangladesh

: Language is the one of the important mediums of expressing thoughts. It has the power to create tremendous revolution, devastating confliction as well as fruitful solution. Due to the blessings of language; social, cultural and regional gap has also been reduced. Years after years, we are habituated with the habit of viewing English Language teaching from one or two modes in our country. The fact cannot be denied that so many teachers from the public and private universities are not aware of the modified policies and materials for that reason learners are still caged at the turbulent level. It can also be highlighted that at this time multilingual environment is keeping a positive impact both socially and economically in drawing profit at many countries. Time has come to consider the issues.

An Experimental Database for the Analysis of Bursting of a Laminar Separation Bubble

The bursting phenomenon consists in the switch of a laminar separation bubble from a short to a long configuration. In the former case, reduced effects on profile pressure distribution are typically observed with respect to the attached condition. On the contrary, long bubbles provoke significant variations in the loading coefficient upstream of the separation position, with increased risk of stall of the lifting surfaces. The present work presents an experimental database describing separated boundary layers evolving under different Reynolds numbers, adverse pressure gradients and free-stream turbulence levels. Overall, more than 80 flow conditions were tested concerning short and long bubbles for the characterization of separated flows under turbine-like conditions. Measurements were performed on a flat plate geometry using a fast-response Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. For each flow case, two sets of 6000 flow records were acquired with an acquisition frequency equal to 300 and 1000 Hz. Based on existing criteria for the identification of the bursting phenomenon, the flow cases were clustered in terms of short and long bubble states. Additionally, the kind of instability (i.e., convective or absolute) developing into the separated boundary layer was identified based on flow statistics. The present data captures the existing link between the bursting of a laminar separation bubble and the onset of the absolute instability of the separated shear layer, with stationary vortices forming in the dead air region.

Highly resolved LES and URANS computations of a differentially heated square cavity

This investigation focusses on the use of two wall-resolved LES approaches for the simulation of the buoyancy driven flow in a differentially heated square cavity, aiming to advance understanding of the flow phenomena involved. The study also assesses the predictive accuracy and cost-effectiveness of LES for natural convection flows. This assessment is pursued through comparisons of the resulting predictions, and also of their computational requirements, with those for DNS, produced in an earlier study, and those of a number of URANS models produced during the current investigation. URANS models tested here include both high- and low-Reynolds-number schemes. In the case of the high-Reynolds-number models a recently developed numerical variant of the Analytical Wall Function (AWF) has been employed to account for the effects of near-wall turbulence. Both LES approaches result in predictions that are close to those of the DNS but have considerably more modest resource requirements. The URANS approaches, which have the lowest resource requirements, for key parameters such as the local Nusselt number are not as accurate as the LES approaches and their performance is highly dependent on the turbulence model employed. Surprisingly, the simplest of the low-Re models employed, the Launder–Sharma two-equation model, is reasonably close to the DNS data. The approach that requires the least computational resource, the high-Re model with the recent version of the AWF, also offers a promising URANS route. Simulations were also conducted to investigate the flow behaviour at a Rayleigh number that is an order of magnitude higher than that of the available DNS. At such high Rayleigh number, at which the phenomena are of close relevance to cooling loops of nuclear reactors, comparisons are performed between the LES and the high-Re AWF combination. The findings show that as the Rayleigh number increases, the turbulence levels become stronger, but these are confined to more refined structures within the thinner near-wall boundary layers.

Assessment of Turbulence in the Industrial Environment of the Russian Machine-Building Complex

In recent years, the term "turbulence" has been increasingly used to describe the state of the environment for business entities. The analysis of the identified approaches to defining its essence provides grounds for treating turbulence as an integral, essential and, most importantly, complex characteristic of the external environment. The relevance of its study is determined by the increasing speed of change, increasing complexity and uncertainty, mutual influence of changes in the national economy and its individual industries and, as a consequence, the need to take into account the level of turbulence in the justification of strategic decisions at any level. At the same time, in modern publications we could not find any studies focused on the peculiarities of assessing the turbulence of the industry and, accordingly, correct quantitative approaches to its implementation. The aim of this study is to develop a method of quantitative assessment of the level of industry turbulence in the case of machine-building industries. The scientific hypothesis of the research is as follows: the level of turbulence of a particular branch of modern Russian industry is defined by the variability of indicators characterising its condition. The methods of the research were structural-logical and matrix analysis, tools of statistical data processing. The quantitative method developed to assess the industry turbulence includes such steps as the choice, taking into account the accepted assumptions, of evaluation indicators, justification of the decision regarding the use of the coefficient of variation as a tool for assessing their variability, collection of the necessary information, calculation and interpretation of the results. The testing on a sample of 17 machine-building sub-sectors by assessing the turbulence of each for a 10-year period confirmed the hypothesis of the study and showed a significant differentiation of industries by the level of turbulence. The key role in the formation of the turbulence level of the modern Russian machine-building industry is played by the degree of its technological sophistication and import dependence. The obtained results allow us to assess the state of the environment of various industries objectively enough, which should increase the degree of the validity of strategic decision-making at all levels of economic activity.

Mono camera-based GPS spoofing detection for aerial vehicles

This paper presents mono camera-based GPS spoofing detection for aerial vehicles utilizing only image information besides the initial orientation of the vehicle. Orientation information is propagated and motion direction is estimated solely from the mono camera images through the estimation of the essential matrix. Histograms of Oriented Displacements and their correlation are considered to detect spoofing considering GPS and image-based data. Straight and turning simulated fight trajectories of a fixed wing research drone with different turbulence levels are compared to evaluate the method. The results are promising with timely detection of every spoofing scenario and without false alarm. The exploration of real fight data is the topic of future development.

Управління бізнесом під час війни

The interaction between business and hostilities represents a complex dynamic, as both of these aspects have a huge impact on each other. When discussing this connection, one should consider not only the challenges, but also the opportunities it opens up for businesses in the face of instability and conflicts. The high level of discordance and geopolitical turbulence creates special conditions for strategic thinking and adaptability of business leaders. Hostilities cause economic instability, reduced production, destruction of infrastructure and loss of jobs, which leads to losses for local enterprises and causes great risks for investors who have to invest in countries with ongoing military conflicts, due to the instability of government structures and doubts about the economic recovery after the end of the certain conflict. The conditions of military conflict require a high level of attention from business organizations to ensure the safety and security of their employees, since this category of assets is one of the most important for the sustainability of the enterprise. Simultaneously, the protection of property assets is of great importance, as enterprises must minimize the possible risks of destruction or damage in the conditions of hostilities. In addition, effective risk management requires the enterprise to develop and implement strategies to adapt to the changing geopolitical environment, which allows it to maintain stability and efficiency of operation during adverse conditions. It is important to note that competent risk management is a crucial factor for maintaining business activity and the successful functioning of the enterprise even in the most complex scenarios of a conflict environment. War, as a complex phenomenon, creates not only challenges but also opportunities for business, especially in the context of certain industries and scenarios. For example, it stimulates the demand for products and services related to the defense industry, which contributes to the development of technology, weapons production, transport and communication systems. Post-conflict recovery markets open up new opportunities for companies in the fields of construction, reconstruction and infrastructure solutions. Thus, military conflicts, although they pose significant challenges to society and the economy, at the same time provide opportunities for the development of new technologies, markets and management strategies that require comprehensive analysis and response on the part of business and politics.

THE PROBLEM OF ORIGINAL MODERNIZATION OF CIVIL IDENTITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC TURBULENCE

The formation and establishment of a new world order is accompanied by various challenges that undermine the "holistic" security of a person, transferring the processes of socialization and re-socialization to a level of multi-level turbulence. This makes a person's ability to overcome future political and non-political crises highly vulnerable. Humanity today seems to have disintegrated between the poles of "center-periphery", "poor-rich", "friend-enemy" and, attracted by unlimited opportunities, has lost the awareness of ensuring sustainable development and public coexistence based on self-preservation.