Level Of Territorial Communities Research Articles

УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ АПК В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The article states that the development of the agrarian sector of the agro-industrial complex on an innovative basis in the future should take place at the expense of the use of new types of machinery, equipment, machines, tools, varieties of plants and animal breeds, new production technologies, ways of searching, accumulating, recording and transmitting information. raising the level of qualification of employees, production of new types or with new properties of agricultural products, introduction of new forms of management and organization of production, development of new markets and methods of selling products, construction of new logistics systems, etc. At the state level: there is a huge economic need for biotechnological products among producers, processors, consumers and other participants of the agro-industrial complex, as well as for scientific knowledge related to its production and commercialization. At the regional level: among the main principles that form the methods of the innovation process of the regional agricultural industry, the following should be noted: the principle of scientificity, the principle of a systemic approach, the principle of responsibility, the principle of selection and placement of personnel. At the level of territorial communities: it should be noted that the innovation process of these communities is influenced by their specific features of location, management conditions, and differences in the provision of personnel capable of successfully conducting innovative activities. Innovative activity of an agribusiness is an activity related to the search and implementation of innovations that will allow the enterprise to have advantages over other market entities, which contributed to increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of their activities. It was determined that the management of innovative activities in the agricultural sector will take place with the wide implementation of digital technologies that allow obtaining the maximum effect from each unit of resources based on the most rational application in the right place, at the right time and in the right amount at the state and regional levels and at the levels of territorial communities and economic entities by strengthening the ties of rural commodity producers with advisory services, higher education institutions, scientific institutions and organizations engaged in innovative developments.

РROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN AGRICULTURE

Small business is characterized by a flexible mechanism of adaptation to the changing conditions of the market environment in the economy, as well as non-economic influencing factors, etc. In the conditions of Ukraine, the permanent military threat of the russian federation can be attributed to the latter, which changes the conditions for the functioning of small business entities in agriculture, since the satisfaction of the population's primary needs for food and the employment of labor in rural areas depend on it. The subject of research covers the theoretical and practical principles of the development of small business entities in the agrarian sector of the economy. The purpose of research is to substantiate the directions of prospective development of small business entities in agriculture based on the analysis of indicators of their economic activity in recent years. Research methods: abstract-logical; monographic; statistical and economic, systematic approach, etc. The essence of all subjects of small entrepreneurship in agriculture is summarized and defined on the basis of the organizational, legal and social and economic principles of their development; perspective directions for the production of less capital-intensive and more labor-intensive types of agricultural products by small business entities are substantiated, taking into account their current economic condition; directions for supporting the development of small agrobusiness in rural communities and the transformation of part of rural households into farming and other types of small business entities thanks to organizational and financial and material support at the level of territorial communities have been determined. Organizational and financial and material support for the development of small agribusiness entities will ensure a decrease in unemployment, an increase in added value, labor productivity, labor income in the agrarian sector of the economy, and will contribute to the development of rural areas and communities. Practical implementation: the formation of agrarian and regional policy for the development of the economy and territorial communities, the process of developing projects of state and local programs for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas.

The role of fiscal instruments in the implementation of low-carbon agriculture

Purpose. The study purpose is to determine the aspects for improving the fiscal toolkit as an economic lever for regulating agricultural land use with the optimized approach to the selection of areas of introduction of the low-carbon development for the formation of organizational and economic management conditions towards the ensuring of restoration and preservation of agricultural resource potential.
 Methodology / approach. In this work, we used the following research methods: monographic, statistical analysis, graphic, correlation and regression analysis. The national and international documents of legal framework for regulating the processes of agricultural land use, materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were used.
 Results. Based on the ecological and economic efficiency analysis of agricultural land use, the priority of obtaining profits in contrast to the problems of the restoration and preservation of the agricultural resource potential was demonstrated, thanks to which Ukraine took the lead in many commodity crops export. The soil fertility decline is a reason of formed threat to agroecological and food security. Based on the assessment of the nitrogen balance flows, the amount of removal of nutrients from the soil cover was estimated.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The expediency of using an improved tax instrument for land use as an economic lever for the formation of organizational and economic conditions of management with a focus on the introduction of the principles of the green economy is substantiated. This improvement consists in the correction factor proposed for the first time to the calculated volumes of tax collections. This coefficient allows taking into account the characteristics of the land use effectiveness in combination with the coefficients of carbon stock changes of the internationally recognized methodology UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Based on the improvement of the target agroecological zoning approach (on the example of the Odesa region), an approach to establishing the priority of land plots from the point of view of the perspective of introducing low-carbon land use is proposed.
 Practical value / implications. The proposed approach opens the possibility to optimize efforts to introduce low-carbon land use and therefore to restore and preserve agro-resource potential. The national crop production competitiveness is ensured by this. Therefore, this approach can be taken as a basis for the introduction of the latest green economy tools for the agricultural land use sector at the level of territorial communities.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The article discusses the development of a target system for stimulating public governance in the context of sustainable development. It emphasizes that current mechanisms of environmental governance are imperfect and do not fully utilize the latest management technologies. The need for the development of measures to enhance the activity of government bodies and the public in the process of making environmental decisions is noted. The sustainable development of society is discussed, highlighting the importance of communication links that influence environmental development. The role of local self-government bodies and state administration in ensuring continuity is emphasized. An emphasis is made on strategic partnership. The impact of human activity on the environment is explored with a focus on environmental risks. The state of Ukraine's ecological system is analyzed before and after the start of full-scale military operations. It is noted that local communities are often better equipped for effective management of the environmental sphere compared to the public and private sectors. Positive practices promoting the sustainable development of territorial communities are reflected. The importance of environmental awareness of the population is recognized, and problems related to low awareness, motivation, and environmental education are identified. The formation of goal-oriented Information-Active Units (IAUs) is proposed to stimulate eco-activities at the level of territorial communities. The proposed system is intended to perform functions such as provision, coordination, and forecasting. The structure of Information-Active Units in the environmental sphere at the level of territorial communities and key elements are presented. A model for coordinating cooperation in the public environmental management system is proposed. The implementation of the proposed measures involves assessing collaboration needs, defining goals, and improving coordination methods. Overall, the importance of collaboration, coordination, and effective communication in the public governance system in the environmental sphere is emphasized to achieve sustainable development goals at the local level.

Public policy in the management of the tourism sector at the level of territorial communities

The study of public administration within the tourism industry is relevant due to the role tourism plays as a key sector of the economy in most countries and its impact on the international positioning of states and national interests. Tourists play a crucial role in shaping the image of the country, providing valuable information about it. They act independently to offer insights and perspectives that contribute to its overall perception. The purpose of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of application of methods of management of the tourism industry development at the level of territorial communities. The methods used included the analytical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, comparison method, synthesis method, and survey. The study defined the concept of public administration of the tourism business and how it affects the development of tourism in the region. The main actors and instruments used for public administration in the tourism sector in the territory of communities were identified, including the advantages and disadvantages of these instruments. The main problems of the tourism business were investigated and possible solutions involving public administration were identified. The study also analysed the practices of other countries in public administration in the tourism industry and suggested their possible applicability. The study determined the prospects for the development of the object under study, how it can affect the socio-economic development of the regions, and developed recommendations that may be useful for local authorities and businesses. The identified results of this study have practical use in enhancing the efficiency of public administration in the tourism sector, thereby elevating the entire process to a new level state regulation; regional economy; reform efficiency; sustainable development

Methods of promoting physical education among high school students in a rural location

This article is devoted to the problems of improving the development of physical culture at the level of villages and towns. It considers the reason for the decline of interest in physical culture, as well as the expediency of working out the practical aspects of solving this problem at the level of territorial communities. It is proposed to attract young specialists, in particular, graduates of higher education institutions with the provision of improving the state of physical training of student youth in small settlements.
 The work contains references to the legal framework that regulates the development of physical culture at the national and local levels. Specific programs were analyzed and compared with the practices of the countries of the European Union, in particular from Estonia, Great Britain. The substantive features of the programs at the municipal level are highlighted. The list of main factors that can directly affect the effectiveness of the development of physical culture at the level of territorial communities includes socio-political processes, a national strategy, and the readiness of territorial communities. The article expresses a position on possible ways of encouraging and stimulating young people to teach physical culture and conduct extracurricular classes (sections) in high school in rural areas/towns.
 It is proposed to involve volunteers who have sports experience and can become an additional motivational component for children and teenagers in such work. They should be provided with appropriate support and training, as well as create favorable conditions for development and self-realization. Based on the analysis, the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the development of physical education at the level of territorial communities were determined.

PROSPECTIVE MODELS OF THE CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL NETWORK OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF CHORTKIV DISTRICT

In the publication, the main attention is drawn to the improvement of the functional and spatial structure of the protected and ecological networks of the administrative district (AR). The problem of the degree of conservation of territories became especially relevant after the implementation of the decentralization reform, because in some administrative districts and territorial communities the level of conservation is 0.5-5%, while the average district indicator is 13.98%. It was established that protected areas in the Chortkiv administrative district are represented by 10 of the 11 protected categories available in Ukraine. The situation with local fragments of eco-networks and basic protected objects is the most problematic. The degree of protection at the level of territorial communities in 72.7% does not meet the established nature protection norms (more than 10%).
 The eco-network concept was implemented in Ukraine at the national and regional levels in the period from 2000 to 2015. Despite the expiration of the Law of Ukraine "On the Statewide Program for the Formation and Development of the National Ecological Network for the Period 2000-2015", a number of tasks at the level of new administrative districts and territorial communities remained unresolved within the framework of the program. Precisely those levels at which the basic elements of eco-networks receive their metric reflection and the eco-network system is filled with concrete content. With these elements, it is possible to carry out renaturalization measures, set aside the width of nature protection zones within river Eco corridors, restore the connection between the constituent parts of key territories, establish configurations and fix the boundaries of protective territories on the terrain, etc. Therefore, it can be assumed that instead of office modeling of national and regional eco-network schemes, the stage of substantiation and selection on the ground (visual modeling) begins. At the same time, it is necessary to include not only areas of natural vegetation in the composition of elements of eco-network models, but also the configuration of numerous promising territories and objects proposed for creation by local specialists in nature protection, environmental activists of territorial communities.
 The proposed small-scale promising nature reserves and natural monuments (98 positions) will allow to increase the protection of territorial communities, and from the positions of their role in the eco-network of AR will form a new configuration of connecting and protective territories (submeridional direction) such as: Zolotolipsk regional, Baryeka local, Koropetsk local, Strip regional, Dzhuryn local, Seret regional, Nichlav local, Zbrut regional, Dniester national sub-latitudinal connecting territory, Tovtrova regional (sub-latitudinal), New key and connecting territories within landscape areas have been identified, promising protected objects, elements of eco-networks of local importance have been identified. At the same time, the prospect of creating protected areas with an area of more than 100 hectares (Table 2) within six territorial communities will provide an opportunity to design key territories at the regional and local levels. The indicators of existing and prospective protected areas of territorial communities, administrative districts were calculated, taking into account the creation of prospective protected areas and objects (98 units). The most significant changes in the basic elements of regional networks will take place within the connecting territories of the regional and local levels, territorial communities. An integrated map scheme-model of protected and ecological networks with promising protected objects, new local key and connecting territories has been created, which will contribute to the introduction of a territorially differentiated approach to the optimal landscape and ecological organization of the territory.
 The eco-network of the Chortkiv administrative district represents the rank of a subsystem of the regional eco-network of the Ternopil region. Its basic structural elements are: 2 key territories of national rank (Medoborska and Zalishchytska), 5 key territories of regional rank (Yablunivska, "Dacha Galileya", Shuparska, promising Baryska, Skala-Podilska, Borschivska, Koropetska, Serednyoseretska) and local rank (Nad Dzhurynom, Chahor, Moklekiv, "Forest Mordova").
 The connecting national territory is Dnistrovsk, regional ones (Tovtrova, Zbrutska, Seretska, Stripska, Zolotolypska). Local connecting territories will be (Bpriska, Dzhurynska, Nichlavska, Seretsko-Zbruska). In connection with the creation and prospect of creation of new protected territories and objects, there will be a change in the configuration of mainly capital and protective territories, as well as the filling of protected objects in territorial communities (Koropetska, Zolotopoticska, Zalishchytska, Chortkivska, Husyatynska). The formation of updated models of protected and ecological networks of the administrative district will contribute to the optimization of the landscape and ecological organization of the territory.
 Key words: protected network, econetwork, administrative district, territorial community.

The role of local self-government in reconstruction under martial law

Today, the main threat to the security of the country in general and its regions and territorial communities in particular is still the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. This requires the concentration of efforts of state and local authorities, military administrations in this direction. Despite all the problems caused by the war, local self-government bodies respond to unforeseen challenges in a timely manner, ensuring the restoration of destroyed objects, providing services to the population, creating jobs for internally displaced persons, attracting investments, etc. The Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Regime of Martial Law” defined the modes of functioning of local self-government bodies and their interaction with military administrations. During the war, military administrations perform the powers of local state administrations and, partially, local self-government bodies, defined by current legislation.The article analyzes the main measures to protect the population from possible emergency situations at the level of territorial communities. It is noted that local authorities are making efforts to restore destroyed housing, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, critical infrastructure facilities, etc. In the conditions of war, decentralization makes it possible to strengthen the potential of territorial communities, to strengthen the initiative of citizens in solving issues of social and economic development. On this path, the State Fund for Regional Development, international partnership between communities, new subventions, and additional sources of income for local budgets demonstrated their success. The article emphasizes that communities have shown their ability to effectively increase and manage the received financial resources. Despite this, the funds received from international donors and grants for the reconstruction of destroyed objects should be partially used to finance the country’s reconstruction projects.

EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE PRINCIPLES OF POST-WAR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE

The article examines the problems of innovative development of tourism at the level of territorial communities in the modern realities of Ukrainian decentralization and promising post-war reconstruction. The tourism potential of three territorial communities of Southern Ukraine was analyzed using the adapted Community Capitals Framework methodology in order to index three main types of capital, which are essential for the formation of innovative tourism products: infrastructural, cultural, and natural. Two of the communities studied remain temporarily occupied pending the completion of the study, which was initiated before full-scale war in 2022. An assessment and methods of solving the main problems or obstacles for the development of innovative tourism activities in territorial communities in the post-war period are provided. A new approach to determining the most innovative type of tourism for a particular community is proposed, which should be developed in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development and within the framework of the formation of sustainable tourist flows and self-governing tourist destinations. Communities are recommended to develop certain types of capital within the framework of post-war reconstruction.

Funkcjonalno-przestrzenna optymalizacja sieci stref chronionych i regionów ekologicznych Tarnopola na Ukrainie

The article examines the essence of the European Strategy for the Conservation of Landscape and Biotic Diversity, the principles of formation, conservation and use of eco-networks in Ukraine, the existing problems of national and regional networks, taking into account the new administrative territorial structure at the administrative-district level and the level of territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to assess the functional and territorial structure of the protected and ecological networks of Ternopil region and to substantiate the ways of their optimization in modern conditions. The paper is based on the information obtained in the course of field expeditionary research in 2019–2022, as well as on statistical data, cartographic materials, and materials from the open network of aerospace satellite images Google Earth. The collected materials were processed using a system of methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, decoding, cartographic, computer modeling, etc.). The data obtained showed that in 36.5% of the territorial communities, protected areas cover less than 1%. In order to improve the situation, the authors propose the creation of 53 new protected areas in 25 communities of Ternopil region with a total area of 39,358 hectares and substantiate the new core and connecting territories of the local rank of the regional eco-network.

Strategic priorities of socio-economic development of territorial communities of the region

In the modern world, the issues of socio-economic development of territorial communities are extremely relevant and complex. Local development is a key factor in ensuring sustainable economic growth and improving the quality of life of local residents. Strategic planning and targeted activities at the level of territorial communities are becoming increasingly important for achieving these goals. The socio-economic development of communities is a complex process that includes many aspects, such as economic activity, infrastructure development, education, healthcare, social needs, and many others. Taking into account the individual characteristics and resources of each territorial community, it is necessary to develop strategic directions that would meet its unique needs and capabilities. This approach will improve governance mechanisms, contribute to sustainable development, and improve the quality of life of the population. The article aims to analyze general approaches to shaping of strategic directions for the development of territories. General approaches to the creation of strategic plans and plans for the socio-economic development of individual territorial communities in Zakarpatska oblast located in different districts are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the need to harmonize the strategic directions of community development with strategic priorities at the regional and national levels. The article identifies the main trends in community development, which are reflected in the formulation of the goal and strategic and operational objectives, as well as in the identification of key development priorities and in overcoming various problems, including those related to human capital and infrastructure development, environmental improvement, small and medium-sized business and energy efficiency development, and governance improvement. The authors reveal that some of the approaches to formulating strategic goals may go beyond declarative ones, as they contain a wide range of tasks that cannot always be implemented in modern conditions due to insufficient resources.

ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ МІСЦЕВИХ ФІНАНСІВ УКРАЇНИ

B a c k g r o u n d . Strengthening the financial basis of local self-government takes on archival importance, considering the economic circumstances of the wartime and post-war reconstruction of the territories of Ukraine. In this regard there is a need to improve the local finance management system and develop its institutional support in conditions of financial decentralization. Theoretical and practical aspects of management in the field of local finances, inter-budgetary relations, financial relations of local self-government bodies in the context of decentralization are considered in the works of domestic scientists: V. Bodrov, V. Vakulenko, I. Volokhova, N. Honcharuk, V. Gornyk, A. Degtyar. The strengthening of the financial basis of local selfgovernment in the process of the post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine is studied in the works of Z. Varnalij, I. Vertsiuk, Ya. Zhalilo, M. Kosheliuk, I. Ozymok, O. Sokolova, U. Thomann and others. Implementation of financial decentralization, management of local finances is considered by such foreign scientists as: J. Buchanan, A. Wagner, R. Musgrave, W. Oates, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, H. Zimmerman, F. Fukuyama, J. Schumpeter and others. It remains expedient to search for institutional mechanisms for further reforming the financial relations of local self-government bodies, models for managing inter-budgetary relations, sources of financing local budget expenditures, and expanding public control mechanisms in the process of managing local finances under conditions of decentralization. The purpose of the article is the scientific and theoretical justification of the institutional transformations of the local finance system of Ukraine and the development of practical recommendations regarding the mechanisms of its development in the context of the decentralization of state administration. The tasks of the article are to consider the existing problems and outline the prospects for ensuring the processes of financial decentralization, to propose mechanisms for the necessary institutional transformations in the system of local finance of Ukraine and tools for their implementation. M e t h o d s . The article was carried out with the help of modern theoretical and cognitive methods, the dialectics of the processes of public administration and local self-government in the conditions of financial decentralization and reforming of local finances. Methods of system analysis, synthesis and comparisons, historical, logical, deductive methods and modeling were also used. The research used the theory of public choice, public goods and the structural-functional approach to improve the management of budget funds in conditions of decentralization. R e s u l t s . It is claimed that the pre-war experience of active implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine gave positive results, from which it is necessary to move on, and further develop and improve this vector. It was determined that institutional transformations should take place within the framework of financial support system structural elements of local self-government – budgets of different levels. The mechanisms of the necessary institutional transformations in the local finances system in Ukraine and the tools for their implementation are proposed. In particular, such a method of improving the local finances system as budget cooperation is proposed. The Law of Ukraine norms "On Cooperation of Territorial Communities" have been analyzed and proposals have been made to expand the regulatory influence of the specified law regarding budget cooperation procedures. Attention was focused on the importance of training modern personnel of local self-government bodies that implement policies in the sphere of budget, finance and prices. The importance of the development of the institution of civil society is also emphasized. Emphasis is placed on the expansion of models and forms of self-organization bodies cooperation of the population in the processes of control and supervision of the local self-government bodies activities in the local finances field in Ukraine. C o n c l u s i o n s . Therefore, the goal of institutional transformations of the local finance system of Ukraine in the context of decentralization is to significantly expand the capabilities of local self-government bodies to independently manage all socio-economic processes at the level of territorial communities and to establish connections between regions, the symbiosis of which can bring the desired effect for the economy of the entire country. Such changes should be synchronized with the changes envisaged by the plan for Ukraine to acquire the status of an EU member state. Our proposals are designed to improve the quality of local self-government and encourage further scientific research in the field of local finance management in Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE OPISHNIAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGION

Planning of effective waste management systems at the level of territorial communities is an important practical task that ensures the implementation of the overall regional concept of the development of the regional waste management system. This process is based, first of all, on the study of the scientific and practical foundations of forecasting trends in the development of waste management systems, and especially their logistical component, taking into account the specifics of regional factors. Thus, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the technical-logistic component of the waste management system of individual territorial communities and its development prospects as a component of the regional waste management system of the Poltava region within the framework of solving the current scientific and practical task of ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional waste management system. Methodology. When studying the structure and technological parameters of the elements of the road network included in the project routes of solid waste transportation, the methods of system and factor analysis were used. Results. It has been established that the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ is simultaneously an element of the logistics structure of the waste management system at the local and regional level and is involved in all stages of solid waste transportation during various periods of implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan of the Poltava Region. All categories of roads are involved in the transport schemes. The roads of the fourth category and some roads of the 5th category are the most heavily loaded. Most roads of categories T, O, C are in unsatisfactory condition and need urgent repair. The capacity of the existing road network, if it is maintained in a satisfactory condition, provides the possibility of movement along the specified routes of both collection and transport garbage trucks. The maximum permissible speed of movement according to the parameter of categorization on all roads of the region corresponds to the technical parameters and design modes of movement of specialized transport. Originality. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined. Practical value. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined.

REGIONAL MODEL OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING: INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF MILITARY AGGRESSION AND POST-WAR PERSPECTIVES

The processes of decentralization of power in Ukraine contributed to changes in the urban planning system. The transfer of part of the management powers from central authorities to territorial communities determined the special attention of local aspects of development in the formation and implementation of strategic areas of territorial planning. The article examines certain aspects of regulatory support for the development and implementation of strategic plans at the level of territorial communities. The change in the population's requests for the formation of strategic guidelines for development has a socio-political and socio-economic basis. The article determined that after the start of full-scale military aggression, the development processes of territorial communities slowed down significantly, and in the territories where active hostilities are taking place, they stopped altogether. Large-scale destruction and damage to real estate, infrastructure, material and technical support of communal services, cultural-historical and architectural heritage, destruction of networks and highways as a result of military aggression will require the formation of new approaches to ensuring territorial planning processes. The article defines that the priority will be the need to restore the territories to create conditions for the peaceful life of the population. New challenges will need to be taken into account in the territorial planning system. Opportunities to update Soviet and post-Soviet planning systems and bring them in line with European standards is one of the key tasks of post-war reconstruction, which is analyzed in the study.

МУНІЦИПАЛЬНА ПРАВОСВІДОМІСТЬ: СТРУКТУРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ

The article is devoted to the study of the structure of municipal legal consciousness, which plays a special role (along with municipal psychology) in the processes of forming the globalist potential of the territorial community. This is the first time that this topic has been studied in domestic law. The author notes that the structure of municipal legal awareness, as well as the general phenomenology of legal awareness, consists of the following elements: legal (municipal-legal) psychology, legal (municipal-legal) ideology and legal (municipal-legal) behavior. The author asserts that, as a phenomenon, legal profile psychology a priori arises at the municipal-legal level, that is, at the local level of the existence of society, because it is the person, his groups and associations that exist and function precisely at the level of territorial communities. Legal (municipal-legal) ideology, as a structural element of municipal legal awareness, encompasses knowledge, ideas, concepts about the content of law, including municipal law normative regulations, which are formed as a result of legal education and legal scientific research. The author considers that, unlike municipal legal psychology, which is formed mainly spontaneously, depending on subjective events in municipal life and the experience of past generations, municipal legal ideology is formed in a systemic way as a result of: a) scientific (doctrinal), theoretical reflection of the municipal legal reality, b) based on the generalization and development of the most famous and significant municipal legal theories of the past and present; c) study of the main regularities of the formation, development and functioning of municipalism and its regulatory support and maintenance; d) study of the fundamental principles of municipalism, which are enshrined in international legal standards of local democracy; e) study of the basic principles of the state municipal policy. The author emphasizes that the municipal-legal ideology has a direct impact on the formation, modernization and modification of the bases of the municipal-legal psychology, making its instructions more applicable to the changes associated with the various manifestations of globalization. The third element of municipal legal consciousness is legal (municipal-legal) behavior, which involves its volitional side, which is the process of transforming the norms of municipal law into real municipal-legal behavior of a person within territorial communities. The author emphasizes that local self-government bodies, especially representative ones, can also act within the framework of using the principles of municipal-legal behavior, because they, actually speaking on behalf of the territorial community and in its interests, relay the relevant guidelines of municipal-legal psychology and municipal-legal ideologies possessed by the local human community. The article states that the daily municipal legal reality is carried by all residents of the respective territorial communities at the planetary level. In turn, the municipal legal reality acts as a catalyst for the formation and development of the globalization potential of the territorial community.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT MODEL AT THE LEVEL OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

The article reveals the essence of the state-public management of education at the level of the territorial community. It was revealed that the issue of providing high-quality educational services and increasing the efficiency of educational institutions was especially acute for Ukrainian communities after the start of the implementation of the process of decentralization of power and the implementation of the process of creating territorial communities, since before the reform, the local self-government bodies of communities had a very indirect influence on the educational process. It was found that in most countries of the world education management is carried out at three levels: centralized education management at the state level; management of education at the level of the region or region; management of education at the level of the territorial community, where local needs and peculiarities are taken into account. In such countries as France, Germany, the USA, and Canada, there is a system of decentralized management of education at the level of territorial communities. In such systems, the state promotes the creation of a network of public organizations that participate in decision-making and implementation of education development strategies at the local level. It was determined that this model of education management at the level of the territorial community allows for more effective use of resources, in particular financial, human and material, as well as to improve the quality of education and ensure its accessibility for all population groups. An analysis of the current Laws of Ukraine: «On Education», «On General Secondary Education», «On Out-of-school Education», «On Pre-school Education», «On Local Self-Government» was carried out, which shows that in Ukraine, almost at the state level, a regulatory framework has been formed for introduction of the model of state-public management of education. The peculiarities of the introduction of various models of education management in the USA and Poland, as well as the best practices of state and public management of education in the Slobozhan and Verbkiv territorial communities of the Dnipropetrovsk region, are considered. It was concluded that the cooperation of public authorities and residents of the territorial community should be ensured in the management of education at the level of the territorial community. Such a management model can promote the development of education at the local level and ensure its accessibility for all population groups

Legislative changes in conduct of financial control by state authorities during the war

The paper provides a legal description of financial control (with regard to the activities of state bodies) as one of the means and methods of the state's controlling influence on the activities of the public sector in relation to subjects involved in various sectors of the economy. The problematic legal issues that arose during the introduction of martial law in Ukraine regarding the exercise of control over business entities are considered. The most effective means, measures and legislative acts adopted after February 24, 2022 are considered. The state of war made it possible to understand that the issues of increasing the activity of the controlling bodies themselves, namely transparency, accountability and efficiency of their activities, are gaining special relevance. The joint activity of central state authorities, local self-government bodies, control bodies and business entities of state and communal forms of ownership is considered. An effective system of financial control over the management of state (local) resources (public funds, non-current and other assets) and their use is not only a tool for guaranteeing the transparency, accountability and quality of the activities of state authorities, local self-government bodies and business entities, but also essentially an effective mechanism for ensuring the financial stability and security of the country during martial law, achieving the strategic goals of the state, the effectiveness of state policy, improving the quality of life of the population and, in particular, reforming the system of public finance management. Current legislation practically does not regulate the organization of internal (local) and public state financial control, which causes the absence of a unified system of financial control bodies at the level of territorial communities. The following conclusions were made in the paper: financial control is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of economic activity of economic entities (of various branches). And it has been proven that precisely during the war, such control plays a major role in state regulation of the economy. When delimiting the powers of control bodies, one should not forget about their interaction with each other. It is their coordinated work, the introduction of changes in legislation during wartime that can contribute to bringing Ukraine's economy to a much higher level. More than ever, during the war, all bodies must act in a coordinated manner and their actions must be aimed at ensuring the economic growth of individuals and legal entities - entrepreneurs.

Public Management of Employment at the Level of Territorial Communities in the Context of Ensuring the Development of Rural Areas

United territorial communities were formed by voluntary unification of adjacent territorial communities of villages, towns, and cities. The availability, working conditions, and the level and quality of life of the population of rural communities significantly affect the development possibilities of rural areas. Problematic issues are the growth of unemployment, the demographic crisis, the intensive outflow of young people from the countryside, etc. The primary issue for anti-crisis public administration in rural areas (at the level of rural territorial communities and rural districts) is ensuring employment and self-employment of the population, increasing the level of labor income of the rural population. The low capacity of the labor market in rural territorial communities determines the need for the population to find work outside their place of residence and, in this connection, the presence of significant financial costs. The introduction of new types of activities and areas of employment for residents of the rural community must meet the needs of the market and be economically feasible, because otherwise public policy measures to support such types of employment will have a short-term nature and insignificant results. The tools of the public employment policy are: unemployment benefits, insurance of the population against job loss; assistance in professional training and retraining of personnel, conducting advanced training courses, organization and regulation of labor exchanges, public employment services; regulation of the wage level, regularization of the dismissal of employees; subsidies and benefits from tax accounting for entrepreneurs, regarding the creation of new and preservation of old jobs. Public management of employment at the level of the territorial community should be aimed at ensuring the possibility of effective economic activity of the residents of the community. At the same time, they should receive sufficient financial support to motivate work. This requires: creation of procurement points with a wide range of products with the participation of territorial communities; combining them into a procurement network; active cooperation with public administration bodies; networks of procurement points to international supply chains; ensuring their access to foreign food markets.

Інституційні аспекти залучення сільських спільнот до інклюзивного розвитку територіальних громад

The post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should include not only the reconstruction of infrastructure destroyed and damaged during hostilities, material objects of the industrial and social spheres, and all other aspects of the return of the population to a full life in peaceful conditions but also the improvement of social relations, particularly, relations between authorities and self-government and the population. In this context, the continuation of the decentralisation reform should lead to the completion of the formation of conditions under which residents of all settlements, which are part of territorial communities, could influence the resolution of issues of their life activities. The article aims to highlight the institutional limitations for the inclusive development of rural communities related to the representation and implementation of their interests in territorial communities and to justify proposals for overcoming them. Research methods were used: logical-historical (when highlighting the controversy of the process of establishing the institute of starosty (local leader), dialectical and abstract-logical (when analysing the institutional limitations for realising the interests of rural communities as part of territorial communities and substantiating the direction of their overcoming), monographic (when analysing the composition starosty districts). The author reveals the manifestations of the centralisation of local self-government functions at the level of territorial communities, which resulted in narrowing the rights of residents of rural settlements, especially small and remote ones, to representation and participation in solving their problems. The paper establishes the presence of starosty districts with many villages and, accordingly, limited conditions for developing rural communities. The manuscript describes the Polish experience of organising inclusive local self-government at the lower level of the administrative-territorial system and substantiates the expediency of its fuller use in Ukraine: the central place here should belong to the endowment of starosty districts, disaggregated to the level of settlement (in particular, rural) communities, with certain powers to solve their livelihoods problems and the right to use local resources. The study results can be used to improve local self-government reform in the post-war period.

Theoretical and methodological principles of tax regulation of the development of territorial communities in Ukraine

It is emphasized in the article that in the process of forming tax regulation of socio-economic development of territories in Ukraine is a key place belongs to a clear system of scientific and methodological support. It is proposed to choose a systems approach as the methodological basis of the study, which consists in using the fundamental methodological concept of the system as a single abstract reflection of the objects of reality; identification of key determinants, properties, features and trends of the system; interpretation of the researched problem as a conceptual system. It is established that the study of tax regulation of socio-economic development of territorial communities is an element of the general system of state management of national economy, closely related to the processes of transformation of administrative structure, financial decentralization and improvement of socio-economic indicators of society in Ukraine at the municipal level. The peculiarities, principles and approaches of scientific knowledge inherent in the system method are revealed. The key directions of research of tax regulation of social and economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine are formed. Using the system method, a conceptual model of tax regulation of socio-economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine as a set of interrelated elements of influence on the economic system at the level of a separate territory, including: purpose, objects and subjects of taxation, principles and process of taxation as a financial instrument for socio-economic development of territories. It is proposed to consider tax regulation taking into account: national priorities of socio-economic development of the country; resource opportunities, industry-production, geographical-territorial, socio-demographic and other features of territorial communities; coherence of interests of state and local budgets; ensuring financial self-sufficiency of local self-government; certainty of the direction of development of the tax system, starting from the level of territorial communities.