Level Of Technical Development Research Articles

Анализ уровня технических разработок полимерных материалов с высокой теплопроводностью для оценки возможности использования в системах изоляции обмоток турбогенераторов

Provides an overview of domestic and foreign scientific and technical solutions related to the creation of highly thermally conductive polymeric materials and impregnating varnishes, as well as highly thermally conductive polymeric materials with semiconductive electrical properties. In order to assess the state-of-art, the key aspects of creating electrical insulating tapes for main insulation and materials for slot seals with increased thermal conductivity for stator windings of turbogenerators are considered. Within engineering analysis, the level of technical development is assessed, and trends related to electrical insulating materials with high thermal conductivity are highlighted.

The Influence of the Human Factor on Vigilance in Driving

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to find ways to improve the system for monitoring and controlling the human condition, which is directly involved in driving vehicles, by borrowing knowledge and achievements from the field of scientific research in matters related to determining a person's response to the action of various factors of influence, irritating factors, interaction with other people and technical means, the ability to maintain long-term ability to work, etc. Methodology. Since transportation requires both high professional and personal skills, it is necessary to develop and implement systems for monitoring and controlling the human condition that would meet the needs of the achievements of the modern level of technical development. To determine the factors of influence on a person, an analysis of research in this area was conducted. Findings. It is emphasized that each person has, firstly, his or her own peculiarities, and secondly, cannot be in two identical states at different times. Given these and other aspects, a universal approach should be developed to determine and verify a person's responsibility for making relevant decisions. The main factors influencing the driver's attention are identified. Among them, in addition to the physiological one, the psycho-emotional state takes a significant place, which also needs to be taken into account. Originality. The development of technology leads to new needs and provides new opportunities in almost all industries. One of these is the study of humans. The proposed approach allows us to take a broader look at the role and place of a person, his or her integration into the transportation process. Practical value. The analysis of the forms of influence and types of load on different systems of human perception made it possible to outline the task of determining the ability of a person to act responsibly under the influence of significant factors.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF AVIATION FIREFIGHTING IN ECOSYSTEMS: THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The article examines the technical aspects of aviation firefighting in ecosystems based on the experience of leading countries around the world. The features of natural and man-made ecosystems in the plane of fire suppression are disclosed. It is specified conditionality of occurrence of requirement in aviation firefighting, first of all, by existing features of ecosystems, and also available level of technical development and possibilities of manned aviation on operative performance of tasks of firefighting in ecosystems. The state of fire aviation of the USA and Canada, European countries, China and other countries, as well as infrastructural peculiarities in organization of fire extinguishing from the air were investigated. According to the results of the study it is noted that the fleet of fire-fighting aviation or aviation involved in fire suppression consists of different types of aircrafts and helicopters, which are used depending on the ecosystem for rapid elimination of the fire occurred in the ecosystem. Attention is focused on the prospects of creating aviation firefighting means based on unmanned aviation, which develops in an avalanche-like manner and allows to optimize firefighting in different ecosystems. Attention is drawn to the direction of development, though not quite new, but useful, the essence of which is the use of aviation firefighting means in the form of special bombs on the example of Russia, China and Israel. The state of fire-fighting aviation fleet of Ukraine was analyzed. Proposals of technical and organizational character of the further development of fire extinguishing from air in Ukraine are investigated. The analysis of the given proposals showed that the direction connected with the development of unmanned aerial firefighting aircraft in natural and artificial ecosystems of Ukraine still remains at the level of ideas, though it requires further promotion in our country, which has a number of aviation enterprises, capable of successfully solving the following problems under the conditions of the necessary financing. The conclusions focus on the fact that the considered directions of development of fire aviation in Ukraine are mostly at the level of ideas, which should be, first of all, scientifically grounded. The directions of further research should be considered the development of the newest and scientifically justified technical solutions with their subsequent implementation in the infrastructure of aviation firefighting in Ukraine

Biotelemetric Experiment in the Radiotelegraphic Bureau of the Maritime Department (1912). A New Episode from the History of the Development of Russian Science

The minutes of the meeting of the Society of Marine Physicians in St. Petersburg dated October 30, 1912, which describes an experiment on the transmission of biomedical data via telecommunications, are published. The head of the workshop of the Radiotelegraph depot A.K. Nikiforov developed a device for remote transmission of the sound picture of the heart, using his own designs of amplifiers and microphones. The experiment was conducted with the participation of doctor A.G. Makarov. The results indicated insufficient broadcast quality and required technical refinement of the device. Comparison with the effectiveness of similar experiments in other countries shows that in the studied period of time, the general level of technical development did not fundamentally allow solving the problem of high-quality transmission of biomedical data over a distance. The fact of the experiment revealed by the author, which occurred against the background of institutionalization of scientific research in the Radiotelegraph Depot, is extremely important from the point of view of systematization of the history of domestic scientific research in the field of biotelemetry. When studying archival materials, the processes of institutionalization of scientific work in the Radiotelegraph Depot were revealed, including regulatory support, creation of organizational structures, distribution of goals and objectives, financing, and resource provision. The formal structuring of scientific activity formed the context for scaling research into other fields of knowledge, which created the basis for A.K. Nikiforov's scientific and design activities in the field of biomedicine. The scientist-engineer made a contribution to the accumulation of knowledge and the future formation of dynamic biotelemetry as a separate scientific direction.

Laser ablation combined with Nanoimprint Lithography technology as new surface engineering approach to produce novel polymer-based heteronucleants for recalcitrant protein crystallization

Macromolecule crystallography is currently the most powerful technique for determining the three dimensional structure of proteins at atomic resolution. However, despite its enormous level of technical development achieved, it is still limited by the great difficulty of obtaining crystals that, after exposure to X-rays, allow a high-resolution diffraction pattern from which the structure of the target protein can be elucidated. Even today, the crystallization process is a trial-and-error procedure that requires enormous experimental effort and high economic costs. In this research work, Laser Ablation technology in combination with NanoImprint Lithography was applied on Polycarbonate surfaces to produce novel heteronucleating agents containing multiscale surface topographies (in the micro- and submicro-scale) that promote the growth of protein crystals. Two human proteins, known to be recalcitrant to crystallization when using standard protocols, were used in the assays: (i) a construct of the CNNM4 magnesium transporter lacking amino acid residues 545–730 (HsCNNM4545-730) and (ii) cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme lacking residues 516–525 (HsCBSΔ516-525). The surface engineering solution was validated by comparing the number of novel crystallization conditions induced by those surfaces compared against the control and the use of the Naomi’s Nucleant, a commercially available heteronucleant made of mesoporous bioglass. The aspect ratio of the topography emerges as the topographical parameter that most contributes to protein growth on patterned surfaces. Additionally, the presence of a random distribution of micropores as well as a hierarchical (merging micro- and nano - scale features) surface topography also resulted in a more efficient crystallization process, showing an increment of between 38 and 68% in the number of new crystallization conditions, depending on the surface topography and protein selected. A conclusion is made that Laser Ablation with ultrashort pulses and the combination with Nanoimprint Lithography can be efficiently applied on polymeric substrates to produce a novel concept of heteronucleants that would bridge the gap to the development of universal nucleation agents.

Theoretical issues of training management in vocational colleges according to the total quality management approach

Training management in vocational colleges according to the total quality management (TQM) approach is a relatively new issue, facing many difficulties due to the diversity and wide range of educational activities in scope national and training facility scope. This activity always requires innovation to match the rapidly advancing scientific, technological, and technical development level, thereby creating quality products and human resources to meet the requirements of industrialization, modernize the country. This study points out theoretical problems when managing training in vocational colleges according to the approach of total quality management and applying it in practice. Studying the guiding documents of the Vietnamese government as well as new views on training management at vocational colleges according to the approach of total quality management will help educational managers orient the development of vocational colleges of Vietnam in the future.

Establishment of metrological parameters of the method for measuring the protein mass fraction in fish food products by the Kjeldahl method

In laboratory practice, there are many protein quantification methods, and all of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. The most common and widely used method for the protein analysis in food products, including fish, is the Kjeldahl method. However, the current standards for measurement methods for the determination of the protein content in fish food products do not provide for the use of devices that meet the modern level of technical development, and also do not contain metrological indicators that guarantee the reliability of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to substantiate the method for measuring the protein mass fraction in fish food products by the Kjeldahl method on an automatic analyzer and to establish metrological parameters. The assessment of the quality indicators of the Kjeldahl measuring method was carried out using a Kjeltec System 2300 Nitrogen Analyzer (Foss Analytical AB, Sweden) in the form of a characteristic of the measurement error and its components, which will provide results with the required accuracy.

АППАРАТНО-ПРОГРАММНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ПЛАВУЧИХ КОСМОДРОМОВ

The article presents the results of scientific research on the implementation of the sea launch of missiles using marine technology based in the waters of equatorial latitudes. The analysis of the current level of technical development of marine technology for rocket launches, the advantages of the technology of marine rocket launches are revealed. Results of aerohydrodynamic studies of floating spaceports. Design shortcomings of floating spaceports and ways to eliminate them have been found. The developed technology of stabilization of the floating spaceport, based on the Magnus effect.

MODELING OF RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF DATA TRANSMISSION IN RAILWAY SYSTEM

The analysis of the reliability and availability of the data transmission system within the integral railway system is realized through the modeling of the system, i.e. its conditions and their connections. According to the defined measure of safety of the International union of railways (UIC) i.e. its committee ORE, defined by recommendations A 158 and A 124/RP, based on previous experience and the achieved level of technical development, we can estimate an acceptable value for the probabilities of certain conditions of the integral railway system and data transmission system. In the paper, the reliability and availability analysis was modeled using the Markov model for data transmission in the railway system with four conditions, for: correct system condition, presence of disturbances in the system, illegal (dangerous) system condition and system blocking condition. The validity for the application of process development modeling the reliability and availability of data transmission in the railway system will contribute to reducing the risk of inadmissible (dangerous) failures, improving maintenance planning and spare parts planning, moving from maintenance by time to maintenance by condition and reducing exploitation costs.

Analysis of technical development of small-sized loaders with on-board swing system

Due to the spread of small-sized loaders with on-board swing system (SLOS), it has become necessary to determine the level of their technical development. To understand the set task, a review of small-sized loaders, their classifications, performance parameters and implements was made. Modern SLOS manufacturers were analysed; their design features; main operating parameters: engine power, load capacity, speed and vehicle weight. An analysis of recent papers describing SLOS performance was conducted. It should be noted that most of them consider specific workflow processes, design features that do not reflect the full range of such machines. To solve this problem, a statistical analysis of theSLOS nomenclature data was performed depending on the classification features and performance indicators. This article presents the assessment of the impact of SLOS performance parameters and classification features on their level of technical development. Based on statistical data, the regression equations of the dependences were obtained: engine power on load capacity; loader weight on load capacity; dependences of performane parameters were plotted. General trends in the technical development of small-sized loaders were established. The vast majority of manufacturers focus on the production of medium-capacity loaders, as they are in the greatest demand. The analysis of the graphs suggests that in the future production of small-sized loaders with the load capacity of up to 1.5 tons, engine power of 60-70 kW and weight of up to 5 tons will increase. We can also predict growing production of compact SLOS with the load capacity of up to 0.5 tons, engine power of 20-30 kW and weighing up to 2 tons, which are widely used in urban landscaping. With the help of the present paper we can predict development trends, establish weaknesses of modern SLOSs and avoid competition when designing new loaders.

A meta-analysis of how the culture and technical development level influence citizens’ adoption of m-government

With the popularity of mobile Internet technology, mobile government has become the mainstream of current government affairs management, which highlights the growing importance of exploring citizens’ intention to adopt m-government. To find the important driving factors of m-government adoption and understand what roles the cultural and technical development level play in it, this study conducted a meta-analysis to search for important factors in m-government adoption from 42 studies from 17 countries. Based on the socio-technical theory, this study applied a meta-regression to explain the differences in the effects of these factors, from the perspective of culture and technical development level. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, social influence, perceived compatibility and trust all play important roles in m-government adoption. Culture and technical development level play moderating roles on the above relationships except for the perceived ease of use–perceived usefulness path. Our findings also reveal that the joint moderating effect of cultural and technical development level can better explain the impact of environmental factors on m-government adoption and consequently provide suggestions for the future implementation of m-government in different countries with diverse cultures. Points for practitioners This study proposes a research model of m-government adoption. Public managers should focus on citizens’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, social influence, perceived compatibility and trust, so as to improve citizens’ intention to use. The results also confirm that culture and technical development level have a specific moderating effect on m-government adoption, which means that public managers should not only consider service quality, but also note environmental factors. They especially should consider the flexible mobile government development strategies in different countries.

Impacts of Climate and Environmental Change on Bean Cultivation in China

The impact of human-caused environmental pollution and global climate change on the economy and society can no longer be underestimated. Agriculture is the most directly and vulnerably affected sector by climate change. This study used beans, the food crop with the largest supply and demand gap in China, as the research object and established a panel spatial error model consisting of multiple indicators of four factors: climate environment, economic market, human planting behavior and technical development level of 25 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019 to explore the impact of climate environmental changes on the yields of beans. The study shows that: (1) The increase in precipitation has a significant positive effect on bean yields; however, the increase in temperature year by year has a significant negative effect on bean yields; (2) carbon emissions do not directly affect bean production at present but may have an indirect impact on bean production; (3) artificial irrigation and fertilization behavior on bean production has basically reached saturation, making it difficult to continue to increase bean yields and (4) the development of technology and human activity is a mixed blessing, and the consequent inhibiting effects on bean production are currently unable to offset their promoting effects. Thus, when it comes to bean cultivation, China should focus mainly on the overall impact of environmental changes on its production, rather than technical enhancements such as irrigation and fertilization.

A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study on Accessibility and Availability of Neonatal care Resources in Hospitals of China: Current Situation, Mortality and Regional Differences: Neonatal Care Resources and Newborn Mortality in China.

BackgroundTo investigate the current situation of neonatal care resources (NCR), newborn mortality rates (NMR), regional differences and existing challenges in China.MethodsBy using a self-designed questionnaire form and the cross-sectional method, we conducted a survey of all hospitals equipped with neonatal facilities in China from March 2019 to March 2020 with respect to the level and nature of these hospitals, the number of newborn beds and NICU beds, the number of neonatal pediatricians, and the development of therapeutic techniques. The data about the newborn births and deaths were retrieved from the annual statistics of the health commissions of the related provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.FindingIncluded in this nationwide survey were 3,020 hospitals from all 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government of Mainland China, with a 100% response rate. They included 1,183 (39.2%) level-3 (L3) hospitals, 1629 (53.9%) L-2 hospitals and 208 (6.9%) L-1 hospitals. Geographically, 848 (31.4%) hospitals were distributed in Central China, 983 (32.5%) hospitals in East China, and 1,089 (36.1%) in West China. The 3,020 included hospitals were altogether equipped with 75,679 newborn beds, with a median of 20 (2-350) beds, of which 2,286 hospitals (75.7%) were equipped with neonatal intensive care units (NICU), totaling 28,076 NICU beds with a median of 5 (1-160) beds. There were altogether 27,698 neonatal pediatricians in these hospitals, with an overall doctor-bed ratio of 0.366. There were 48.18 newborn beds and 17.87 NICU beds per 10,000 new births in China. In East, Central and West China, the number of neonatal beds, NICU beds, neonatal pediatricians, and attending pediatricians or pediatricians with higher professional titles per 10,000 newborns was 42.57, 48.64 and 55.67; 17.07, 18.66 and 18.17; 16.26, 16.51 and 20.81; and 10.69, 10.81 and 11.29, respectively. However, when the population and area are taken into consideration and according to the health resources density index (HRDI), the number of newborn beds, NICU beds and neonatal pediatricians in West China was significantly lower than that in Central and East China. In addition, only 10.64% of the neonatal pediatricians in West China possessed the Master or higher degrees, vs. 31.7% in East China and 20.14% in Central China. On the contrary, the number of neonatal pediatricians with a lower than Bachelor degree in West China was significantly higher than that in Central and East China (13.28% vs. 7.36% and 4.28%). Technically, the application rate of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in L-1 hospitals of West China was lower than that in Central and East China. According to the statistics in 2018, the newborn mortality rate (NMR) in West China was significantly higher than that in Central and East China.InterpretationChina has already possessed relatively good resources for neonatal care and treatment, which is the primary reason for the rapid decrease in the NMR in China. However, there are still substantial regional differences. The density of health resources, the level of technical development and educational background of neonatal pediatricians in West China still lag behind those in other regions of China and need to be further improved and upgraded.FundingThis research work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671504) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (CHINA-UNICEF501MCH).

Undifferentiated optimism and scandalized accidents: the media coverage of autonomous driving in Germany

When, to what extent and under what conditions autonomous driving will become common practice depends not only on the level of technical development but also on social acceptance. Therefore, the rapid development of autonomous driving systems raises the question of how the public perceives this technology. As the mass media are regarded as the main source of information for the lay audience, the news coverage is assumed to affect public opinion. The mass media are also frequently criticized for their inaccurate and biased news coverage. Against this backdrop, we conducted a content analysis of the news coverage of autonomous driving in five leading German newspapers. Findings show that media reporting on autonomous driving is not very detailed. They also indicate a slight positive bias in the balance of arguments and tonality. However, as soon as an accident involving an autonomous vehicle occurs, the frequency of reporting, as well as the extent of negativity and detail increase. We conclude that well-informed public opinion requires more differentiated reporting — irrespective of accidents.

Analysis of bistable electromagnetic relays design features

This paper pays attention to a classification of bistable electromagnetic relays. The following signs of the classification of mentioned relays are emphasized, such as: design, type of contact fixation, relay contact diagram, type of current and value of the control voltage of the coil, the number of coils, nature of the load switched by the relay; the power consumed by the coil, and others. The undertaken classification systematizes information on the design, technical and functional features and parameters of such relays and demonstrates the current level of technical development of relays that are mentioned above. A conclusion is made concerning tendencies and directions of bistable electromagnetic relays capabilities developing in the future by the authors.

Исследование динамики урожайности зерна в России в контексте научно-технологического развития отрасли растениеводства

Abstract. This article attempts to describe the patterns of scientific and technological development of the crop production industry from the perspective of studying the dynamics of productivity as one of the key elements of the system. However, the complexity of such a system as a crop production industry causes the presence of other factors that affect scientific and technological development, which will be considered in the following studies. The purpose of this work is to study the regularities in the dynamics of the grain yield indicator in Russia and its forecast. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the elements of system analysis, such as comparative analysis, graphical method, and computational and constructive method. The information base consists of statistical collections and historical materials on agriculture of the Russian Empire, the RSFSR, the USSR, and Russia. Results. The article examines the dynamics of grain yield in Russia from 1892 to 2019. the Hypothesis of this study is the assumption that yield is one of the main factors of scientific and technological development of the crop production industry. It is revealed that periods of significant increase in productivity are associated with the introduction of new types of equipment into agricultural production. In this connection, the concept of “periods with a constant level of technical development” was introduced. There are 6 full periods and the last one is the seventh, which began in 2013 and has not yet ended. According to the calculated data, the period with a constant level of technical development, which began in 2013, will last 15 years, until 2028, while the rate of change in yield will be 0.4 c/ha per year. The features of dynamics of yield of grain in Russia (a significant influence of natural-climatic factor, nonlinearity, instability and fluctuation of yield, reduction in the duration of periods with a constant level of technological development, the increasing trend of the rate of change of productivity and a sharp increase occurring after the end of the crisis phenomena in the economy) revealed its frequency and the predicted next period. The duration of the period will be 18 years until 2046. The average yield in the country this year will be at the level of 30, 65 c/ha. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify patterns and build a forecast of grain yield in Russia, based on the introduction of such concepts as the rate of change in yield and periods with a constant level of technical development.

Analysis of the level of technical development of mobile lifts with working platforms

Problem. Currently, there are about 150 manufacturers of mobile lifts with working platforms (MLWP), which constantly design and introduce into production new machines with expanded capabilities. Therefore, there is a need to determine the level of technical development of MLWP, which is not possible without the analysis of statistical data of their nomenclature depending on the classification features and operational parameters. Goal. The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of classification features and operational parameters of MLWP on the level of their technical development. Methodology. The analytical methods of studying the statistical data were used. The methods of mathematical modulation were used to develop the general trend of the jib MLWP technical level. Results. As a result of the analysis the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the height of rise of the working platform depending on the weight of the machine, the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the magnitude of the working platform horizontal reach, and the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the height of rise of the working platform depending on the working platform horizontal reach were obtained. Originality. The telescopic and articulated lifts are usually considered as separate groups, although they have much in common, because at least one section of the jib of modern articulated lifts consists of retractable (telescopic) sections, so during the statistical analysis of the MLWP technical level, these machines were considered as a single group of jib machines. Practical value. With the help of the obtained statistical dependences of the jib MLWP technical level on the technological parameters of the machine, it is possible to assess the technical development of both an individual machine and a group of MLWP with the determination of trends for further development.

Correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the geometric dimensions and the electromagnetic moment of a switched reluctance motor

An electric drive is an indispensable part of any mechanism. Without it, the the functioning of any industry is impossible, especially in the railway. It allows you to automate technological processes and increase their efficiency. For efficient railway transport, it is necessary to increase the level of technical development of traction rolling stock, which is possible through the use of promising types of electric machines, one of which is a switched reluctance motor. To create a highly efficient and technological switched reluctance electric drive, it is necessary to have information about the relationship between the geometric dimensions of its magnetic system and the average value of the electromagnetic moment. The purpose of this article is to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the average value of the electromagnetic moment and the changing geometric values of the tooth-groove zone of the object under study. The numerical value of the electromagnetic moment was obtained using the stochastic method in the MATLAB application package, which directly interacted with the FEMM version 4.2 program, which is based on the finite element method. The research carried out in the article and the results obtained allow us to conclude that there is or is not an appropriate connection between the considered elements of the magnetic system design and the value of the electromagnetic moment.

Natural alumina/silica suspended particles in water to enhance ofloxacin degradation with UVA-H2O2 driven by surface chemistry

UV-H2O2 is the most widely used oxidizing system with established effectiveness and a high level of technical development for practical application. However, little attention was paid on the effect of suspended particles in natural water on organic contaminants removal via UV-H2O2 technique. In this study, this effect of suspended particles to enhance the contaminant degradation was explored using silica/alumina-based oxides (MCM-41 and Al@MCM-41) as the representative. The results showed that MCM-41 had no effect on OFX degradation compared with UV-H2O2. While the degradation efficiency and reaction rate were greatly enhanced at a pH range of 3.0–9.0 especially at acidic pH values (3.0–5.0) in the presence of Al@MCM-41. The probe experiments proved that OFX adsorption followed by surface reaction process played an important role to enhance the performance of UV-H2O2. Based on the characterization results, the positive effect of suspended particles was not related to their surface area and pore size distribution, but dependent on the chemical composition and surface acid-base property. The suspended particles can provide an active surface composed of acid and base sites. The base site can create a local basic micro-environment by producing more •OH et al. While the dissociated acid sites in Al@MCM-41 with a negative charged surface favor OFX adsorption and then reaction with produced ROS. Our findings suggest that the enhanced performance of UVA-H2O2 induced by suspended particles should be concerned.

Зарубежный опыт подготовки специалистов для наукоемких технологий

We analyze the foreign experience of training specialists for science and high technologies on the example of leading universities in China: Hong Kong Polytechnic University (China), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (China). We study educational programs, features of their development management in the context of innovation and promotion of advanced technologies. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that as a result of generalization of scientific and pedagogical experience, for the first time, conceptual approaches to the development of the science city university as an innovative scientific and educational platform – professional self-determination of future scholars will be identified and substantiated. As a result, conceptual ap-proaches to the successful development of science cities are identified: the university should have its own base for research, a high level of technical development; training is focused on internation-al programs, norms, requirements; student research is supervised by academic and industry ex-perts; internship and approbation in industries, the possibility of training in foreign educational in-stitutions; participation in exchange programs, mentoring, student competitions; support from federal, regional and local authorities, grant support; consolidation of large and small technology companies into clusters. The practical significance lies in the fact that technologies and methods of training young researchers for breakthrough technologies will be built on the basis of the identified conceptual approaches.