Survival Rate Levels Research Articles

Effectivity of immunostimulant from Zoothamnium penaei protein membrane for decreasing the mortality rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in traditional plus pond

The purpose of this research was to analys immunogenic membrane protein as immunostimulant development material to control the mortality of white shrimp in traditional plus pond. This research was designed to use explorative experiment and experimental laboratory methods which used completed random sampling design. Collected data was analyzed with analysis of variance for examination of survival rate (SR), total haemocyte count (THC) and differensial haemocyte Count (DHC). The research divided into 2 part of riset: (1) Identification, cultivation Zoothamnium penaei, analysed of membrane protein by SDS-PAGE, (2) Field test protein membran on Survival Rate level, immune response (THC and/or DHC level) and infestation of Zoothamnium penaei in traditional plus pond. The result showed that there were seven bands membrane protein of Zoothamnium penaei with molecular weight 38 kDa, 48 kDa, 67 kDa, 71 kDa, 77 kDa, 98 kDa dan 104 kDa by using SDS-PAGE. Immunogenicity tested decrease by using ELISA and western blotting there are only found three bands with molecular weight 38 kDa, 48 kDa dan 67 kDa. The membrane protein could increase the immun respons and decrease the mortality, by subsequenly, it could increase the survival rate from 17% until 68% and pressured the parasite infestation of white shrimp.

Mega-Banks' Self-Insurance with Cocos: A Work in Progress

When contingently convertible debt securities trigger and convert into common equity well before the capital ratio of a financial institution has reached its regulatory minimum, they are known as going-concern or go-cocos. Their objective is to recapitalize an institution under stress and not to facilitate its resolution as would be the task of low-trigger goner-cocos. Because cocos are an “infant instrument” that grew out of the 2007-2009 crisis, few of their design features, their tax treatment or role in bond indexes are settled. Their portfolio fit with unsecured senior non-contingent debt on the one hand and common equity on the other is also an open question. Its resolution has much to do with how adding go-cocos may affect debt overhang in a firm. This paper attempts to clarify such underexposed open issues. Its chief contribution, however, lies in sifting through the experience with cocos triggers and conversion methods in order to link both actual, and one proposed, conversion methods to the recovery rates on cocos likely to be obtained from the common shares received by conversion. Experimenting with sparsely parameterized survival patterns that reach specified survival-rate levels after 10-years, and with the implied hazard rates and default rates conditional on survival, then allows a schedule of CDS premiums to be derived. These provide insight into the competitiveness of pricing the loss-of-value risk in go-cocos, instead of in the common-equity premium, over AAA-rated bonds.

Mega-Banks' Self-Insurance with Cocos: A Work in Progress

When contingently convertible debt securities trigger and convert into common equity well before the capital ratio of a financial institution has reached its regulatory minimum, they are known as going-concern or go-cocos. Their objective is to recapitalize an institution under stress and not to facilitate its resolution as would be the task of low-trigger goner-cocos. Because cocos are an “infant instrument” that grew out of the 2007-2009 crisis, few of their design features, their tax treatment or role in bond indexes are settled. Their portfolio fit with unsecured senior non-contingent debt on the one hand and common equity on the other is also an open question. Its resolution has much to do with how adding go-cocos may affect debt overhang in a firm. This paper attempts to clarify such underexposed open issues. Its chief contribution, however, lies in sifting through the experience with cocos triggers and conversion methods in order to link both actual, and one proposed, conversion methods to the recovery rates on cocos likely to be obtained from the common shares received by conversion. Experimenting with sparsely parameterized survival patterns that reach specified survival-rate levels after 10-years, and with the implied hazard rates and default rates conditional on survival, then allows a schedule of CDS premiums to be derived. These provide insight into the competitiveness of pricing the loss-of-value risk in go-cocos, instead of in the common-equity premium, over AAA-rated bonds.

Mangrove Ecosystem Conditions In The Coast Teluk Pria Laot After Tsunami And Rehabilitation Efforts

Earthquake of magnitude 9.0-9.3 MW, followed by a tsunami resulted a damage of infrastructure and mangrove ecosystems on the east coast of Weh Island. The damage of mangrove ecosystems was severe, and the locations are: 1. Pantai Taman Wisata Alam Alur Paneh; 2. Pantai Teluk Boih; 3. Pantai Lhok Weng 2/Teupin Layeu 1; 4. Pantai Lhok Weng 2b/Teupin Layeu 1b; 5.Pantai Lhok Weng 3/ Teupin Layeu 1; 6. Pantai Lhut 1; 7. Pantai Lhut 2; and 8. Pantai Lhok Weng 1/Lam Nibong. This type of damage, among others is, broken, fallen, uprooted and swept away. Mangrove ecosystem damage was caused by the incident run up of 5 meters and there no sandy hills protecting the coast. In this study the measurement transect square was made with three replications and soil sampling around the man- grove ecosystem, the outer side adjacent to the coastline and the inland boundary bordering the mangrove ecosystem. The measure- ment of transect quadrant was used to get Importance Value Index (IVI) and Survival Rate. Maximum density of mangrove ecosystems number of trees is 17 trees per 100m 2 and a maximum thickness of 238 m is located at Pantai LhokWeng3/TeupinLayeu2. The process from the level of Survival Rate was used to determine the number of saplings and trees that are needed in rehabilitation. The rehabilita tion of coastal mangroves is based on the length, density, thickness and survival rate. Types of species that are used for replanting are Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora stylosa species at a loca- tion that matches the type of clay sand-soil and sandy clay-soil

Treatment of renal or adrenal tumor with cancer thrombus in the inferior vena cava

Objective To discuss the treatment of renal or adrenal tumor with cancer thrombus in the inferior vena cava. Methods From Jan 1984 to Apr 2008,29 cases of renal or adrenal malignancy with thrombosis involving the inferior vena cava underwent treatment.The diagnoses were confirmed by Doppler uhrasonography,CT and MRI.In the 29 surgical patiens the tumor thrombus was level I in 7,level Ⅱ in 10,level Ⅲ in 8 and levelⅣin 4.According to TNM classification,23 cases were classified to T2N.M.,1 case was T2Nl Mo,1 case was TzNlMl,1 case was T3NoMo,2 case were T3NlMl and 1 case was T3N2Mo.The mean tumor size was 8.7(4.O-16.O)cm in diameter.The mean tumor thrombosis length was 3.2(2.5-4.0)cm in level I,5.3(4.5-6.0)cm in level Ⅱ,8.2(6.5-9.O)cm in levelⅢand 15.1(12.0-18.5)cm in level IV. Results The operation was performed succesgfullv in 29 patients Patholocieal examination showed that 18 cases of clear cellcarcinoma,3 cases sarcomatoid carcinoma,2 cases renal papillary adenocarcinoma,1 case renal cell carcinoma (undifferentiated),1 case granule carcinoma,3 cases adrenocortical carcinoma and 1 case metastatic malignant melanoma of adrenal gland.Of 29 patients,3 were out of contact.Twenty-six patients were followed up for 35(0-62)months after treatment,3-and 5-year survival rates were 15/26 and 11/26.Three-year survival rates for stage T2 and T3 were 14/22 and 1/4.Five-year survival rates for stage T2 and T3 were 10/22 and 1/4.Three-year survival rates for level I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ andⅣ were 4/6,5/8,5/8 and 1/4.Five-year survival rates for level I,Ⅱ、Ⅲ andⅣ were 3/6,4/8,3/8 and 1/4.Three-year survival rates for a tumor thrombus in the below or above diaphragm were 14/22 versus 1/4,5-year survival rates were 10/22 versus 1/4.Three-year and 5-year survival rates for the patients without distant metastases and lymph node involvement were 12/18 and 9/18.Three-year and 5-year surviral rates for the patients with distant metastases and lymph node involvement were 3/8 and 2/8.The 3 surgical patients with metastatic disease died at 6,10,22 months. Conclusions Surgical treatment could be the preferred approach for the patients of renal or adrenal tumor with cancer thrombus in the inferior vena cava without distant metastases and lymph node involvement.It could improve the quality of life and may prolong survival. Key words: Kidney neoplasms; Adrenal neoplasms; Carcinoma; Neoplasms circulating cells