Level Of Struggle Research Articles

Methodology for studying the «Struggle for existence» topic within the university course «Theory of Evolution»

The paper discusses a methodology for studying one of the most complex phenomena in the organic world struggle for existence within the course Theory of Evolution at a pedagogical university. The study of information about the history of development and the formation of evolutionary concepts shows that the discovery of the factors of the organic world evolution is one of the outstanding achievements in the development of biology. In the 20th century, scientific knowledge about the causes of the evolutionary process expanded and together with the material factors of evolution discovered by Charles Darwin stand out as follows: mutation process, dynamics of the number of organisms, isolation, migration, struggle for existence and natural selection. The modern level of struggle for existence theory development is based on achievements in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology and proves that this factor of evolution really exists. The developed methodology for studying this topic includes the content of the course program, a list of questions for study, recommendations for laboratory studies and independent observations in nature. Since the course is studied in the 5th year, it relies on students knowledge from other biological courses as well as on the skills they develop. The course contains the use of elements of partial search and research methods (laboratory work, observations in nature) of teaching with options for conversation, comparison of different points of view, etc. The proposed variant of studying the Struggle for Existence topic will contribute to the high-quality training of students prospective teachers of biology.

PANDEMY «COVID-19» IN AZERBAIJAN: MEDICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Purpose of the article: to consider the medical and legal aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan. It is noted that the semantic meaning of the term «pandemic» refers to the spread over a large territory, region, country, etc. infectious disease - an epidemic. Methods: the study was carried out using generally accepted methods of scientific knowledge, such as: analytical, comparative legal, semantic-cognitive, systemic, statistical and others. Results: in the country against this infectious disease at the level of the President of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Azerbaijan Republic, strict control is carried out and serious and effective measures are taken. A special quarantine regime has been declared on the territory of the Republic, legal liability of individuals and legal entities has been strengthened. Discussion: the main measures to combat the coronavirus pandemic, reducing its negative consequences. Currently, the world is suffering from coronavirus disease: a deplorable and tragic situation, numerous victims, health threats, deterioration of medical safety, closure of the borders of countries, mass scientific, cultural, sports, games, art and other events have been canceled. It is postponed, economic relations are limited, the real tourism sector has collapsed, educational institutions have been suspended, the form-septic industry is in danger, the world economy is in crisis, and the damage has exceeded hundreds of billions of dollars, etc. The negative consequences of this infection are inevitable. However, our country is effectively fighting the coronavirus both in law and in real life. In respect of persons violating quarantine norms and interfering with the normal work of medical personnel, strict punitive measures are taken in accordance with the requirements of the law. In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone should exercise restraint, use psychological services, and not panic, protect themselves and their families, strictly following the requirements of the quarantine regime in isolation, and closely assist in this work. It is also important to remember that coronavirus can be defeated by following the rules of hygiene. If everyone demonstrates unity and solidarity and abides by the necessary rules in the fight against coronavirus, then the level of struggle and the measures taken will be high, the scope of the coronavirus will not spread, and our country will overcome this force majeure situation with little loss.

Conflicting Targets for Tikrit University students

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built the objectives of conflicting measure which are part of the main requirements of the current research. It consists of three areas (psychological field, social field, and family field) where the scale is initially based upon (36) paragraphs and then examine the validity of the scale through Presenting its paragraphs to a group of arbitrators, as well as extracting the correlation coefficient between the degree of each paragraph with the total score of the scale has been deleted (4) paragraphs, and thus became the final form of the measure of (32) paragraphs, has been calculated the stability of the scale re-test method was (0, 82). There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in the level of struggle towards the goal. 3 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scientific and humanitarian specialization and in favor of the scientific specialization. Through their findings, the researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Employee Voice Contexts and Teacher Retention in Remote Secondary Schools in Tanzania

Retaining teachers in their work stations is influenced by many factors which are contextually explained. Teachers’ retention practices in Tanzania and most Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have been ineffective partly because of being monetary based. While ‘voicing’ is regarded as a more feasible strategy for retaining teachers in these countries, conditions which favour voicing over exiting a remote school particularly in the Tanzanian context have been not systematically mapped out. This article presents and discusses seven conditions, to include: empowering, listening and cooperative leadership; habitability; friendliness outside school environment; investment potentialities; a supportive and peaceful school working environment; life as a “challenge” mindset; as well as patriotism and profession commitment, which were found to favour voicing over exiting a remote school. The findings imply that there is a need to empower teachers to influence change and reforms that matter to them, increasing teachers sense of investment in schools they are posted and in the profession (social and financial capital), checking ‘who goes into the teaching profession and with what level of struggle’; improving school-level relationships including justice practices from leaders and management, positive co-workers exchanges; training teachers to become patriotic to the nation and be committed to the teaching profession; and the need to improve cooperation and understanding between schools and their surrounding communities.

Trajectories of Religious/Spiritual Struggles Between Years 1 and 2 of College: The Predictive Role of Religious Belief Salience

ABSTRACTReligious and spiritual struggles involve tensions, conflicts, and strains pertaining to religious and spiritual life. This research examined whether broad measures of religiousness predicted differences in the development and resolution of struggles over 1 year in a sample of undergraduates (N = 451) from three U.S. universities: secular public (n = 146), secular private (n = 126), and faith-based Christian (n = 179). Latent class growth analyses indicated 4 distinct trajectories of change in struggles. One group reported consistently low levels of struggles (n = 298, 66% of total sample); another developed struggles over a 1-year period (n = 100, 22%); a third reported high levels of struggles during both years (n = 19, 4%); and the final group reported resolving their struggles over 1 year (n = 34, 8%). Penalized multinomial logistic regressions indicated that religious belief salience predicted the development of struggles longitudinally. We discuss the implications of these findings.

Building Bridges

The cases presented describe two levels of struggle. One level identifies two student teachers (ST) and their mentors failing to meet one another’s expectations. Another level presents school administration as it seeks to find ways of meeting STs’ needs while maintaining a positive and productive school climate. Relevant research is presented to help guide possible explanations for how these issues can be ameliorated for STs, mentors, and school administrators.

Law and criminal labels: The case of the French Métis in Western Canada

This paper examines the conflicts engaged in by the French Metis of Western Canada with the imperial state during the 19th century. More specifically, it is argued that the application of criminal labels corresponded to the level of struggle between the two parties. In the case of the conflict between the Metis and the H.B.C, “economic” forms of crime appeared at the top of the legal agenda. At a later conjuncture, when the legitimacy of imperial apparatuses was threatened, “political” crimes were paramount. Finally, with the ideological, institutional and economic hegemony of the Dominion state, the Metis were designated as “social” criminals. In each of these periods, legal struggles involving the Metis may be understood as surface manifestations of conflicts over political and economic power.

Strategic groups and mobility barriers; the level of struggle in an industry

Strategic groups and mobility barriers; the level of struggle in an industry

Patriarchy, Sexuality and Oedipal Conflict in Buero Vallejo'sEl concierto de San Ovidio

Over ten years ago, in his edition of the play, Ricardo Domenech argued that Buero's El concierto de San Ovidio (1962) seemed to address a "double problem: that of man's exploitation by man and that of man's struggle for freedom," adding that this double problem was located and worked out "on a level which until then Buero Vallejo had not dealt with explicitly: that of the class struggle." In the following considerations I would like to examine very briefly the adequacy of Domenech's position, in particular its reliance on the notion of class struggle as the play's broad frame of reference, and mention in passing the historical context (the Spain of the early 1960s) which may have initially encouraged this view Also, using Domenech's argument as a point of departure, I want to explore in more detail other related forms and levels of struggle, which emerge from a reading of the play in terms of the discourses of patriarchy and sexuality, and which seem to hinge on the mechanism of Oedipal conflict. The latter, hitherto virtually ignored in Buero criticism, may be regarded, in my opinion, as an important site on which the play's imputed class matrix is mediated and worked out in the dramatic action.

The Nuclear Arming Of South Africa

devastating rebellions which recently occurred in South Africa, leaving untold numbers of blacks either dead or wounded are a painful and tragic, yet necessary reminder of the human stakes in the Southern African situation. As the tempo of the southward movement of the revolution heightens and the issues in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Azania come clearly into focus, it should be underlined once again, that both in terms of the classic dimensions of political analysis and the specific conditions of these African peoples, the southern African situation is a revolutionary situation. The fresh rebellions inside South Africa are evidence of the existence of revolutionary activity. If the level of struggle against white repression were left at this crude stage we could not understand the relationship between the rebellions and a continuing revolution. However, the existence of African political parties, and African military forces in the contested areas illustrates that the activity we witness is not based on mere reformist opposition to the practices of the regimes, but upon the fact that blacks have raised up African nationalism to combat white settler nationalism with the ultimate objective being the replacement of one for another. The resort to violent revolution as a means to achieve African self-determination is a legitimate strategy, but perhaps has been most necessary where colonialism from a European country was administered through a significant white settler community such as in Algeria, Kenya, Angola, Rhodesia and South Africa. In all of these places, a repressive colonialism, combined with an intransigent and ruthless local settler community has fostered nationalism expressed by a revolutionary movement. The fact which concerns us, however, is that although on the one hand, the white settlers of Rhodesia and South Africa fear the use of revolutionary tactics by blacks, they are also bolstered in their opposition and intransigence by powerful third party states such as the United States. U.S. policy is, therefore, critical to understand as an element in the response of white settler regimes to the revolutionary situation in Southern Africa.