Level Of Spiritual Intelligence Research Articles

Spiritual Intelligence, happiness and success of students in select higher education institutions of University of Delhi

Research background: Spiritual Intelligence (SI), often quoted as Spiritual Quotient (SQ) by some, means becoming aware of (realising) and expressing one’s innate spiritual qualities (love, peace, bliss, and purity) through cognitive thinking, attitude, and behaviour. Once we are aware of the true purpose of our being in the universe, our spiritual qualities help us in drawing spiritual strength to remain stable in all situations (Emotional Intelligence), be neutral towards negativity, truly understand others, and be at peace with not just one’s own self but with others and the world at large. When Spiritual Intelligence is applied in the workplace setting, it helps in aligning personal values with a clear sense of purpose, enhancing our power to accept change and adapt to newer perspectives in life. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement among the students of University of Delhi. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the predominant factors strengthening spiritual intelligence and to critically evaluate the relationship between students’ spiritual intelligence, happiness, and academic achievement. Research methodology: Responses of 240 students at the undergraduate level from different colleges under the University of Delhi were studied to find out their level of spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic intelligence. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, SISRI-24 Spiritual Intelligence Measurement Scale of D. King, and a self-designed Questionnaire known as Academic Achievement Assessment Tool for assessing the Academic Intelligence of the students were used by the authors as the data gathering tools. Findings/results: The results indicate that the Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness of the students are positively and significantly related to one another on both an overall basis and also in the case of males and females specifically at 1% significance level. However, this association was found to be more prominent for female students. Originality/value/novelty: The study offers future directions and implications for higher education practitioners. It also suggests that Spiritual Intelligence would be beneficial for the students as it increases their psychological well-being and for the betterment of the global society as a whole.

Spiritual Intelligence among Blinds and Sighted Students in Palestine

Objectives: The study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence among blinds and sighted students in Palestine, while also investigating the influence of demographic variables such as gender, place of residence, educational level, and level of disability Methods: Employing a Comparative Descriptive methodology, the research utilized the Spiritual Intelligence assessment tool developed by King (2008), consisting of 47 items. The participants included 119 blind students and 60 sighted students in Palestine, all from the 8th and 9th grades, and they were chosen randomly. Results: The study demonstrated that the spiritual intelligence level among both groups (blinds and sighted) is high, also, there are significant statistical differences in spiritual intelligence level in both groups regarding sex (with a favor toward males), educational level (8th grade for blinds, and 9th grade for sighted), Level of disability (particularly among partially blind students), and place of residence (more pronounced in urban areas). Conclusions: In conclusion, the research emphasizes the significance of spiritual intelligence in both blind and sighted students in Palestine, shedding light on demographic factors that can influence its development. To foster a holistic educational experience, the study underscores the importance of integrating spiritual well-being into the educational framework, particularly for visually impaired students. This study recommended directing attention toward mental and spiritual well-being among blind students, aiding them in their academic journey. Additionally, the study suggests augmenting the curriculum with expanded vocabulary and concepts aimed at enhancing spiritual intelligence across all educational tiers.

Spiritual Intelligence among Blinds and Sighted Students in Palestine

Objectives: The study aimed to compare spiritual intelligence among blinds and sighted students in Palestine, while also investigating the influence of demographic variables such as gender, place of residence, educational level, and level of disability Methods: Employing a Comparative Descriptive methodology, the research utilized the Spiritual Intelligence assessment tool developed by King (2008), consisting of 47 items. The participants included 119 blind students and 60 sighted students in Palestine, all from the 8th and 9th grades, and they were chosen randomly. Results: The study demonstrated that the spiritual intelligence level among both groups (blinds and sighted) is high, also, there are significant statistical differences in spiritual intelligence level in both groups regarding sex (with a favor toward males), educational level (8th grade for blinds, and 9th grade for sighted), Level of disability (particularly among partially blind students), and place of residence (more pronounced in urban areas). Conclusions: In conclusion, the research emphasizes the significance of spiritual intelligence in both blind and sighted students in Palestine, shedding light on demographic factors that can influence its development. To foster a holistic educational experience, the study underscores the importance of integrating spiritual well-being into the educational framework, particularly for visually impaired students. This study recommended directing attention toward mental and spiritual well-being among blind students, aiding them in their academic journey. Additionally, the study suggests augmenting the curriculum with expanded vocabulary and concepts aimed at enhancing spiritual intelligence across all educational tiers.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AFFECTING SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE OF NURSES AT BANDUNG HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA

Background: Nurses are required to conduct themselves professionally at all times, without compromising procedure or the patient's pleasure. Each day, they confront a variety of workplace stresses that might jeopardize their health and possibly result in a reduction or lack of enthusiasm to work.
 Objectives: The study aimed to determine contribute factors of nurses' spiritual intelligence at Bandung City Hospital based on their characteristics.
 Methods: This research used a descriptive quantitative method and Spiritual Intelligence of Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24) to collect the data. The respondents were 239 nurses selected using the total population technique. The univariate analysis was used to explain the various levels of spiritual intelligence based on the nurse's characteristics
 Results: The results show that the nurses' spiritual intelligence in Bandung City Regional General Hospital is 49% high and 51% low. It was also discovered that a high level of spiritual intelligence was based on the following characteristics: aged 41-60 years old, male, and on more- than-10-year tenure, Nursing School graduates, head nurses and nurses assigned at a hemodialysis unit.
 Conclusion: The research concludes that more than half of the respondents have a low level of spiritual intelligence. Therefore, holding Emotional Spiritual Quotient training is recommended, especially for nurses relatively new to the job. The study has implication because spiritual intelligence is vital in nursing, significantly impacting care quality, well-being of all involved, and leading to better patient outcomes and job satisfaction.

Spiritual Intelligence and Juvenile Delinquency: Systematic Review

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. At this age, adolescents often make mistakes in finding a lifestyle that suits them and usually do it by trial and error. The mistakes they make cause resentment in the environment and this term is often known as juvenile delinquency. One of the factors that cause juvenile delinquency is the level of spiritual intelligence that adolescents possess. This study aimed to explain the relationship between spiritual intelligence and juvenile delinquency. The method used in this study is searching the literature from the Google Scholar database. This study used articles published between 2012 and 2022. Nine articles used in this literature report show a significant relationship between spiritual fitness and juvenile delinquency. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence is one of the important factors that influence delinquency in adolescents

Relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and fear of Corona in the elderly

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused physical and psychological health problems in the elderly. Spiritual intelligence has an effect on health and healing. The aim of this study determining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear of corona in the elderly. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done on 207 elderly people who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad in 2022. The samples were selected based on the inclusion criteria using multistage and cluster sampling. To collect data, various questionnaires were used, including demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status …), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Freestone's Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire, Corona Anxiety Scale, and Coronavirus Fear Scale. Statistical analysis of variables was done using descriptive and analytical (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, analysis of variance, linear regression) tests by means of STATA version 14. RESULTS: The average level of spiritual intelligence was 54.1. Participants reported a high level of intolerance of uncertainty (M = 79.2) and fear of corona (M = 14.09). Education, economic status, and marital status were the predictors of spiritual intelligence of the studied subjects (r = 0.24, P < .05). Spiritual intelligence and gender were also related to uncertainty intolerance (r = 0.12, P < .05). Another finding of the study was the superiority of variables of spiritual intelligence and gender in predicting the level of anxiety of corona compared to other variables (r = 0.17, P < .05). CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between spiritual intelligence, education, and gender with the level of fear and anxiety of corona. Therefore, planning and implementing educational projects based on increasing spiritual intelligence for the elderly with priority for elderly women and with a low level of literacy and income is recommended.

"Entrepreneurship" from the lens of enlightenment: Impacts of religiosity and spiritual intelligence on social entrepreneurial intentions.

Despite an escalated gravity of interest in exploring factors that shape university students' social entrepreneurial intentions, there are significant gaps in our understanding of this phenomenon. The current study examines the boundary effects of religiosity and spiritual intelligence to predict university students' social entrepreneurial intentions. The authors collected the data from university students in their final years in multiple waves and employed SmartPLS (v 4.0) for data analysis. Our findings indicate that religiosity can affect social entrepreneurial intentions through two paths: intrinsic motivation mediates the association between intrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions, and extrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between extrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions. Further, spiritual intelligence moderates the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions, mediated by intrinsic motivation such that at high levels of spiritual intelligence the association is more potent and vice versa. This is the first study that examines the boundary conditions of social entrepreneurial intentions of university students by employing the lens of religiosity and spirituality. The paper presents substantial theoretical and practical implications.

Pengaruh Kegiatan Kajian Dhuha terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang

This research is based on a lack of understanding regarding the influence of the "Kajian Dhuha" activity on the level of spiritual intelligence among students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Therefore, the Qatulistiwa Islam Spiritual Activities Unit at Universitas Negeri Padang organized this "Kajian Dhuha" activity. The objective of this study is to assess the extent to which the "Kajian Dhuha" activity can impact the level of spiritual intelligence among students at Universitas Negeri Padang. This research employs a quantitative approach with a correlational method, which is a type of non-experimental research involving the measurement of two variables by the researcher, followed by the analysis and evaluation of the statistical relationship between them, without considering the influence of external variables. The population consists of all students at Universitas Negeri Padang who participated in the "Kajian Dhuha" activity, totaling 937 individuals during the semesters of July-December 2022 and January-June 2023. The research sample includes 90 students who participated in the "Kajian Dhuha" activity during the same periods. The research findings indicate that the "Kajian Dhuha" activity conducted by Qatulistiwa Islam has an influence on the spiritual intelligence of students at Universitas Negeri Padang. The study further explains that the values of the "Kajian Dhuha" activity and spiritual intelligence are correlated, as evidenced by the statistical analysis using SPSS version 29. The normality test yielded a significance value of 0.008, indicating that the data is normally distributed (0.008 > 0.05). The simple linear regression test for the "Kajian Dhuha" activity variable (X) resulted in a value of 1.220, indicating a positive impact of the independent variable, "Kajian Dhuha" activity (X), on students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Regarding spiritual intelligence, the normality test produced a value of 0.158, also indicating a normal distribution. The simple linear regression test for the spiritual intelligence variable (Y) yielded a value of 6.824, indicating a positive impact of the dependent variable, Spiritual Intelligence (Y), on students at Universitas Negeri Padang. The influence on the spiritual intelligence of students at Universitas Negeri Padang was further confirmed by the F-test result, where the calculated F-value was 252.654, exceeding the tabulated F-value of 3.099, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. This means that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. In other words, the "Kajian Dhuha" activity significantly influences the spiritual intelligence of students at Universitas Negeri Padang. The coefficient of determination analysis resulted in an R-squared value of 0.742, indicating that 74.2% of the variation in the dependent variable (Spiritual Intelligence) can be explained by the independent variable (Kajian Dhuha activity), while the remaining 26% is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that there is a strong influence between the "Kajian Dhuha" activity (X) and Spiritual Intelligence (Y) among students at Universitas Negeri Padang.

Spiritual Intelligence with Work Motivation in Administration Employees at the Regional General Hospital in Makassar City

Background. Spiritual intelligence plays a high role in the success of individuals at work. In essence, a person uses spiritual intelligence as a bridge that dives into the real life as well as work motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the work motivation of administrative employees at the Haji Regional Hospital of Makassar. Methods. This research is a quantitative research with analytical observational techniques and cross-sectional design. The population and samples from this study were administrative employees at the Haji Regional Hospital of Makassar who served at the counter and pharmacy section totaling 35 people. The sampling technique used was the census / total sampling technique. The analysis of the data used was the Spearman Rank (Rho) correlation test. This Spearman Rank (Rho) test was used to measure the degree or close relationship between two variables. Results. The research results obtained the level of spiritual intelligence of the dominant respondents both with a frequency of 30 respondents (85.7%), the work motivation of the majority respondents had a high level of motivation as many as 29 respondents (82.9%). Based on the results of the cross-tabulation test obtained the value of p = 0.000 (p≤0.05). This shows that there is a meaningful relationship between spiritual intelligence and work motivation in administrative employees at the Haji Regional Hospital of Makassar. Conclusion. The suggestion for the agencies is to hold a regular and continuous socialization program about the importance of increasing work motivation for the employees.

Spiritual Intelligence as a Coping Strategy to Manage Job Stress for Midwives in Northern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to explore whether spiritual intelligence could help midwives cope with job-related stress. A cross-sectional study was done with 143 midwives in Babol, Iran. The sampling method was non-random and convenience samples were used. Amram and Dreyer's spiritual intelligence and health and safety executive occupational stress questionnaires were used. The response rate of subjects was 90.51%. Results showed that the most predictors of job stress were total spiritual intelligence (β = 0.507, p = 0.001) and the ratio of midwives to patients on the night shift (β = - 0.224, p = 0.033). High levels of spiritual intelligence were associated with a low level of stress, which could help midwives adapt to job-related challenges.

The Relationship between Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Intelligence in Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Breast cancer patients’ caregivers seem to face several challenges and problems that affect their physical and mental health. Spiritual intelligence, as the foundation of individuals› beliefs, plays an essential role in promoting the mental health of caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and spiritual intelligence in caregivers of breast cancer patients. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 309 breast cancer caregivers at Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran, based on census method in 2020. Data were collected using three questionnaires: Demographic Information, caregiver burden inventory (CBI) and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). Statistical analyses were done using Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS-20. Results: The mean total score of caregiver burden was 48.12±20.93. The highest and the lowest mean scores were in the dimension of social pressure (10.33±5.09) and physical pressure (8.14±4.09), respectively. The mean total score of spiritual intelligence in caregivers was (67.32±30.84). The highest mean score was in the transcendent awareness dimension (20.54±18.75) and the lowest was in the personal meaning production dimension (13.07±6.10). There was a significant inverse relationship between the mean total score of spiritual intelligence and caregiver burden (r=- 0.63, P<0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers of breast cancer patients who have more spiritual intelligence, experience less burden of care. In fact, higher levels of spiritual intelligence act as a protective factor against the burden of care. Therefore, strengthening spiritual intelligence in oncology and radiotherapy centers is recommended.

Spiritual intelligence and psychological wellbeing of Pakistani University students.

The objective of this study was to find out the predictive role of spiritual intelligence for psychological wellbeing in university students and also to assess gender differences. For that reason, data of N= 250 (M age = 21.8; SD= 1.9) students of undergraduate programs was taken from different universities of Pakistan. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, data was collected online (google form) by using purposive sampling technique and sample was comprised of 77 men and 173 women. Spiritual Intelligence (King, 2008) and Ryff's 42-item Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Ryff, 1989, Muzzafar & Rana, 2019) were utilized for measuring variables of the study. Results were analyzed via SPSS (version 21), Hierarchical Regression and t-Test were carried out. The study results revealed that spiritual intelligence is a significant positive predictor of psychological wellbeing. It was also found that male students have high level of spiritual intelligence and psychological wellbeing in comparison to female students. Results of this study provide an implication for instructors as well as educationists to design activities which provide facilitation in increasing spiritual intelligence of students.

Communication competence, self-efficacy, and spiritual intelligence: evidence from nurses

IntroductionCommunication skills and acceptable levels of spiritual intelligence (SI) are the prerequisites of the nursing profession, which can significantly impact the individual and organizational performance of nurses. This study aimed to investigate the competency and self-efficacy of communication and its relationship with the SI of nurses.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and included 312 nurses working in a COVID-19 hospital in the south of Iran. The data collection instruments were the Standard Communication Competence Scale, Communication Self-Efficacy, and SI Questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were performed at 5% significance level.ResultsThe mean scores of nurses’ communication competence, communication self-efficacy, and SI were 89.11 ± 7.32 out of 180, 64.45 ± 5.61 out of 120, and 147.13 ± 11.26 out of 210, respectively. A direct and significant correlation was observed between competence (r = 0.527, p<0.001) and communication self-efficacy (r = 0.556, p<0.001) with spiritual intelligence. The dimensions of spiritual intelligence, including the ability to deal with and interact with problems, self-awareness, love and affection, general thinking and doctrinal dimension, and dealing with moral issues, were identified as predictors of nurses’ communicative competence and self-efficacy (p<0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between nurses’ competence and self-efficacy with their age (p<0.05). The nurses’ mean communication competence and self-efficacy score were different regarding their level of education and the number of shifts (p<0.05). The mean scores of self-efficacy revealed a statistically significant difference between the participants’ gender and the number of patients under observation (p<0.05). Moreover, the nurses’ SI significantly correlated with age, and the mean scores of this intelligence had statistically significant differences regarding gender (p<0.05).ConclusionThe nurses’ communication competence and self-efficacy were at a moderate level. Considering the correlation and predictive role of SI and its dimensions, it is recommended to promote problem-solving skills, improve self-awareness, and pay attention to moral standards to nurture communication competence and self-efficacy among nurses.

Emotional and Spiritual intelligence and their coping ability among the nursing students in selected settings in Kerala

Nursing course is a crucial period where the students need both physical and mentally support to cope up this dynamic transitional period of new independence from their parents. The nursing students have to encounter many problems to make successful adaptation during the life of stress. They cope up the changes in this period of transition in a healthy manner and if not can become a burden to them and put them into risk of negative health behaviors with tendency to be carry into their adulthood. Emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence together with coping ability are seen to promote better health behavior. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among 120 undergraduate nursing students who study in two different institutes were chosen through convenient sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statics like independent t test was used to compare the levels of the Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, coping ability of the nursing students of two institutes in Kannur. It is interpreted that spiritual intelligence can boost positive health behavior and it is associated with emotional intelligence and coping ability and have an important implication for both health practice and policy especially in nursing education institutions. This electronic document on emotional and spiritual intelligence of the nursing students in coping their life transitions was carried out with a view to promote healthy coping style in their professional and personal life by assessing and comparing the levels of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and coping ability of nursing students in Kannur District.This study also emphasized the need for adopting emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in maintaining their resiliency throughout their life. Out of the 120 sample, majority of the sample both group one and two 56.66 % in first and 48.33 % in the second group had low levels of Emotional Intelligence, 51.66 % of the first group possess low level of spiritual intelligence whereas the 70% of the second group possess low levels of spiritual intelligence and both the two groups majority (90.66%) of the first group and 85% of the second group have low levels of resiliency or coping ability. Similarly, 73% of the first group and 70% of the second group have low resilience problem based coping ability. In case of emotional based coping ability majority of the first group (71.66%) were medium level of Resilient where as 61.66% of the sample of the second group have low level of resiliency.

Relationship Analysis of Spiritual Intelligence with Life Satisfaction of College Students

The present study was conducted during December-January, 2022–23 at Ludhiana, Punjab, India to assess the relationship between spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction among college students. The sample consisted of 220 college students aged between 23–24 years. The sample consisted of equal number of male (n=110) and female (n=110) students. Random sampling was done to draw sample from four colleges of district Ludhiana. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction of college students. Sixfold spiritual intelligence scale by Kaur (2017) and Life satisfaction scale by Singh and Joseph (2015) were used as data collection tools to assess the spiritual intelligence and life satisfaction of college students. Gender wise mean score differences among college students across different dimensions of spiritual intelligence revealed no significant differences among various dimensions. Gender wise mean score differences among college students across different levels of life satisfaction showed a significant difference at low level of life satisfaction. The results revealed that all the dimensions of spiritual intelligence were positively related to life satisfaction of male and female college students. It would be also helpful for parents, counsellors, psychologists and human development professionals to understand the level of spiritual intelligence of college students. The present study will be useful for the youth to understand the importance of spiritual intelligence and its relationship with life satisfaction.

“Quiet the Mind, and the Soul Will Speak”! Exploring the Boundary Effects of Green Mindfulness and Spiritual Intelligence on University Students’ Green Entrepreneurial Intention–Behavior Link

Given the escalated gravity of interest in green start-ups in recent years, extant research on green entrepreneurial behavior has investigated the influence of green entrepreneurial intention in stimulating behavior. However, factors that shape green entrepreneurial intention warrant empirical scrutiny to provide a more nuanced understanding of how green entrepreneurial intention transforms into green entrepreneurial behavior. This study aims to explore the role of an individual’s cognitive mechanism, i.e., green mindfulness, in predicting university students’ green entrepreneurial behavior. The study examines a serial mediation model of green intrinsic motivation and green entrepreneurial intention in the relationship between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, the study investigates the moderating role of spiritual intelligence in the direct relationship between green mindfulness and green intrinsic motivation, and the indirect association between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial intention through green intrinsic motivation. The study adopts a time-lagged design to collect data from university students from Punjab, Pakistan. The authors analyze 395 responses from students in their final years using SmartPLS (v 4.0). As projected, our findings reveal that green mindfulness elevates green entrepreneurial intention through the mediator effect of green intrinsic motivation, which translates into green entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, spiritual intelligence significantly moderates the relationship between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial intention, mediated by green intrinsic motivation, such that at high levels of spiritual intelligence the association is more pronounced and vice versa. The study presents several noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical perspective, the study contributes to the extant literature by investigating the link between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial behavior through the serial mediator effects of green entrepreneurial intention and green intrinsic motivation and the moderator effect of spiritual intelligence. From a practical perspective the study presents a theoretical framework of university students’ green entrepreneurial intentions, culminating in green entrepreneurial behavior. By investigating these linkages our research draws practitioners’ attention to the crucial roles of green mindfulness and spiritual intelligence in fostering green entrepreneurial behavior.

Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Resilience in Infertile Couples in Isfahan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Infertility is a psychological crisis for a couple, spouse, and their families. Due to the positive effects of spiritual intelligence on the positive adaptation and growth of the individual under difficult circumstances, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience in infertile couples in Isfahan. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on 162 infertile couples. Data were collected by the convenience sampling method from infertile couples referring to Infertility Centers in Isfahan through two standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods for quantitative variables. The relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience score was investigated using inferential statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the mean age Standard Deviation (SD) of women and their spouses was 32.01 (5.86) and 36.30 (5.82) years, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive direct relationship between resilience score with total spiritual intelligence score (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and its dimensions Critical Existential Thinking (CET) (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), personal meaning production (PMP) (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), Transcendental Awareness (TA) (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), and Conscious State Expansion (CSE) (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). The PMP (t = 6.38, p < 0.001) and the CSE (t = 2.15, p = 0.03) were significant predictors of resilience scores. The result of our study showed that couples with a higher level of spiritual intelligence had a better understanding of the problems and harms of primary infertility and would cope with it more efficiently.

Pengaruh Tingkat Kecerdasan Ruhaniah terhadap Penyesuaian Sosial Remaja (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif pada Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Majalaya)

In development, adolescents experience a period of transition, which some people view as a period of chaos. Therefore, adolescents need adequate ability to interact in order to be able to establish a harmonious relationship with their environment. In this case, the success of the interaction is influenced by the ability to adapt to the environment. Social adjustment can help teenagers to achieve good interactions. Spiritual intelligence is the essence of all intelligence that is in divine values. This study aims to understand the influence of the level of spiritual intelligence on the social adjustment of adolescents in SMK Negeri 1 Majalaya by using a qualitative descriptive research method by interviewing six sources with an age range of 14 years to 17 years who attend SMK Negeri 1 Majalaya. From the data it is known that spiritual intelligence has an influence on the social adjustment of adolescents in SMK Negeri 1 Majalaya. In addition, the research data shows that the six resource persons in this study have good spiritual intelligence and make good social adjustments. Thus, the conclusions in this study indicate a positive relationship between the level of spiritual intelligence on the social adjustment of adolescents at SMK Negeri 1 Majalaya. It is hoped that future researchers will use other methods so that more accurate results are obtained.

Assessing The Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Psychological Distress Among Seminarians of The Catholic Diocese of Aba, Nigeria

Although Spiritual Intelligence enjoys recent recognition in research as a human potential to live a meaningful and fulfilled life even amid uncertainties and distress, no known study has been done among young people especially seminarians in Nigeria. Thus, this study uses the correlational research design to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the seminarians of the Catholic Diocese of Aba, Nigeria. The objectives are to determine the seminarians’ levels of spiritual intelligence, their levels of psychological distress, and the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among them. Forty-nine (49) major seminarians from the Catholic Diocese of Aba were recruited using the census method. Data collection was done through questionnaires delivered to each participant on google forms. Two standardised instruments – the Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS-45) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess the participants’ spiritual intelligence and psychological distress respectively. SPSS (version 26) aided the data analysis. The results showed that the seminarians had an average spiritual intelligence level (n = 49, M = 72.1%, SD = .42) and an average psychological distress level (n = 49, M = 55.8%, SD = 6.46). The Pearson correlation showed a weak positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the participants. There was no significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the seminarians of the Catholic Diocese of Aba (r = .066, p = .653). The findings provide an increased understanding of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the population studied. The study suggests the need for more investigation into the value of spiritual intelligence and the necessity of its improvement for seminarians as young people and as future leaders who will need to have the necessary resources to guide others in their wellbeing in a distressed country like Nigeria.

Spiritual intelligence and professional nursing practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The concept of spiritual intelligence was developed in 1997 based on philosophical theories and neurological evidence and introduced as the ultimate intelligence. Spiritual intelligence has been considered as one of the skills required by professionals and has recently gained traction within nursing practice. Understanding the role of spiritual intelligence and its association with professional nursing practice is crucial to creating knowledge in this area of inquiry. To identify the best available evidence of the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were reported according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO with the identification CRD42021254881. Ten electronic English and Persian databases [Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Magiran, SID, IranDoc] were searched to identify eligible studies, published in the English and Persian languages from January 2000 to May 2020. A systematized search strategy was used to include eligible published and unpublished observational studies that examined the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. Screening, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis were undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and carried out by two independent reviewers. Thirty-five studies, with a total of 7301 nurses, were included. The mean score for spiritual intelligence in 29 studies and 5853 nurses was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57-0.69, I2=99.97%). The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory was the most frequently used instrument to measure spiritual intelligence. Most of the professional nursing outcomes represented a positive association with nurses' spiritual intelligence. The pooled positive correlation coefficients between spiritual intelligence and a professional nursing practice components including the art of nursing, competence, attributes of practice and, personal commitment were 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.43, I2=63.4%, 5 studies), 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25,0.56, I 2=62.2%, 2 studies), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.50, I 2=92.2%, 5 studies) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.49, I 2=74.3%, 8 studies) respectively. The findings of this systematic review indicated a relatively high level of spiritual intelligence among nurses that was moderately associated with professional nursing practice. implementing strategies to promote spiritual intelligence levels among nurses is warranted.