Levels Of Social Capital Research Articles

Investigating Social Capital Among COVID-19 Patients: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The global COVID-19 outbreak has posed significant challenges to public health. Social capital has emerged as a crucial social factor in mitigating the effects of COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the social capital levels of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and compare these levels between inpatient and outpatient cases. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Ganjavaian Hospital in Dezful city, Iran, involving 428 COVID-19 patients. The participants were selected through a stratified random sampling method and divided into two groups: Inpatients and outpatients. Data were collected using a standardized social capital instrument, along with demographic information on variables such as age, gender, education level, marital status, and the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Results: Among the COVID-19 patients, the social capital components of individual trust, cohesion/social support, and social trust/associative relations were measured at 3.24 ± 0.25, 3.15 ± 0.28, and 2.49 ± 0.41, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between patient status and age (OR = 1.47, CI 95%: 1.21 - 1.80), education level (OR = 2.64, CI 95%: 1.50 - 4.71), individual trust (OR = 3.40, CI 95%: 1.55 - 7.47), and cohesion/social support (OR = 3.03, CI 95%: 1.49 - 6.28). Conclusions: Outpatients demonstrated higher levels of social capital compared to inpatients, highlighting the critical role social capital plays in coping with illness. This disparity suggests that outpatients benefit from stronger social networks and support systems. Enhancing social capital for hospitalized patients could significantly improve their health outcomes.

Regional Social Capital and Non-GAAP Earnings Disclosure

We investigate whether regional social capital is associated with a company’s discretionary disclosures of non-GAAP earnings. The US county level social capital is used to capture the informal supervisory instrument of regional social capital. The two dimensions of social capital, dense networks and strong norms in regions with high social capital, cause reciprocity, integrity, and organizational citizenship. Using a panel of US companies, we find that companies located in regions with high social capital (1) are more likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings, and (2) their non-GAAP earnings disclosures have higher quality. These findings are robust to controlling for demographic features, substitute proxies for regional social capital, and using two-stage least squares and propensity score matching approaches. Furthermore, we implement a mediator analysis and show that companies in high social capital regions have lower costs of equity capital because they are more likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings, and their disclosures are of higher quality. Overall, the findings indicate that the informal institutional factor of regional social capital is associated with the crucial voluntary disclosure tool of managers’ non-GAAP earnings.

Оценка жизнестойкости сельских сообществ Ненецкого автономного округа

The concept of resilience is applied to complex social systems to describe the ability of a territory (or settlement) or local community to recover from external shocks. In this context, resilience complements the concept of sustainable development by revealing the mechanisms that enable systems to regenerate during crises. In recent decades, various approaches for assessing urban resilience, including that of Arctic cities in high-risk zones, have been developed in scientific literature. However, a comprehensive methodology for assessing the resilience of Arctic rural communities has not yet been fully developed or tested. The goal of this article is to assess the resilience of several rural communities in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), followed by their comparison and classification. Drawing on Russian researchers' experience in measuring the resilience of Arctic cities, the authors propose their own methodology for assessing the resilience of Arctic rural communities. This methodology involves measuring 11 resilience indicators, which are aggregated into a comprehensive resilience index (R-index). The R-index enables the ranking of Arctic rural communities by their resilience levels. In the course of the study, all surveyed rural communities were classified into four groups based on R-index values: 1) isolated communities with low resilience; 2) vulnerable communities prone to external shocks; 3) administrative centers of rural municipalities with moderate resilience; 4) large and stable rural communities. The primary differentiating factors among these communities include geographical location, transport links and logistics, the structure of local economies, and demographic resources. Overall, Arctic rural communities exhibit a high level of social capital. The novelty of this study lies in its application of the community resilience concept to Arctic rural areas, contributing to a deeper understanding of the factors that shape their development potential. Future research should expand the geographical scope of the study and conduct larger surveys to improve the accuracy and reliability of rural community resilience assessments.

Trends and Characteristics of U.S. Metropolitan Neighborhood Integration, 2000–2020

In this study, I advance the neighborhood integration literature by detailing a more comprehensive approach to measuring neighborhood integration, accounting for both ethnoracial and socioeconomic diversity and evenness over the years 2000–2020. I document the prevalence and persistence of neighborhood integration, representing one of the first studies to investigate trends over the post-Great Recession decade of 2010–2020. Finally, I compare levels of social capital across integrated and segregated neighborhoods. The results reveal that neighborhood integration has grown steadily and considerably during 2000–2020, although most neighborhoods over this timeframe were persistently segregated. Mean levels of social capital tend to be higher in segregated neighborhoods, though socioeconomically integrated neighborhoods register comparable mean levels of social capital. Overall, the results indicate that to promote further integration and social capital, integrative policies should be targeted toward stubbornly segregated neighborhoods, not just neighborhoods experiencing demographic shifts toward segregation since the former considerably outnumber the latter.

Факторы социальной жизнестойкости арктических сельских сообществ в современной России (на материалах прибрежных и островных территорий Архангельской области)

The article focuses on the problem of factors ensuring social resilience of Arctic rural communities. Using the materials of island and coastal territories of the Primorskiy district of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the author studies how the features of social organization and life activities of specific communities ensure their reproduction as local social systems, help them to remain resilient to external challenges of economic, environmental and other types, and allow them to adapt to the changes in the region. In order to solve these problems, the author took part in a field study on the territory of 14 rural settlements in three rural municipalities in the period from July to early September 2022. The main method of obtaining empirical data is in-depth interview. The analysis of the interviews made it possible to identify a set of key factors of resilience of the rural communities under consideration. The first factor is the ability of local residents to reorient to subsistence farming and traditional crafts in the conditions of degradation of those sectors of the local economy that imply permanent formal labor employment. The second factor is the high level of social capital of communities, which determines the normalization of mutual assistance practices. The third factor is the involvement of a part of the local population in grassroots activities: social and cultural initiatives of local residents make it possible to attract external resources to solve the problems of territorial development, as well as support the collective identity of rural community members and increase its cohesion. The fourth factor is the return of retired local natives who previously migrated from rural to urban areas.

Measuring the adaptive capacity of rangeland users under drought stress in North-easternIran: application of social network analysis

Drought events have significant impact on ecosystems and the livelihoods of rural communities in Iran. So, the purpose of this study was the analysis and evaluation of dimensions of adaptive capacity (AC) against drought in Bajestan county, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data for social network analysis (SNA) and AC by the full network method. Then, a combined SNA-SEM model was developed to determine what was the social response of rangeland users in dealing with drought. In this study, the AC of rangeland users was compared in two groups of villages covered by the collaborative management or Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) and uncovered by CSP. The results confirmed that the villages under CSP had higher levels of AC and social capital. Among five capitals, indicators of economic resources and information, skills and management were more effective on AC. Among the SNA indexes, effsize, constrain, indirects, density and betweenes centrality are more effective on AC of rangeland users. Results showed that identifying the key actors, who have the power and influence to determine the information flow and financial inflows in these components, can help increase the AC of rangeland users to mitigate effects of drought.

The many socials: how a social enterprise uses social media to communicate social capital-based social value. A case study

Purpose This study responds to the need in social entrepreneurship research for more empirical studies to clarify the meaning of social value. Specially, it aims to explore the meaning of social value communicated on social media (SoMe) within the local context of a social enterprise (SE). Design/methodology/approach A multimodal social semiotic approach was applied to several hundred Facebook posts of a Finnish SE providing elderly care solutions, complemented by secondary data from high-quality press sources. Findings Building on Young’s (2006) dimensions of social value and Hidalgo et al.’s (2021) theorisation of social capital in social entrepreneurship, the authors find that an SE draws on multiple levels of social capital on SoMe to express the meaning of the social value it creates. Research limitations/implications Although limited to one case, this study provides a deep contextual understanding of how SEs can give meaning to social value and leverage social capital on SoMe to do so. Practical implications The authors offer a contextually embedded framework for SEs to communicate social value through media. This approach enables SEs to engage stakeholders more effectively and improve the quality of support for local initiatives. Social implications Improvements in SEs’ ability to communicate social value will increase their legitimacy, thus enhancing their prospects to survive and create sustained social value. Originality/value The authors strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of social value by being among the first to empirically describe its connection to social capital in an SE, thereby deepening previous studies on subjective social value. Methodologically, this study is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to apply social semiotics to research on SEs.

Social Capital and Surgery Access Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

To compare the rates of unplanned procedures for access-sensitive surgical conditions among beneficiaries living in census tracts of varying social capital levels. Access-sensitive surgical conditions are conditions ideally screened for and treated in an elective setting. However, when left untreated, these conditions may result in unplanned (i.e., urgent or emergent) surgery. It is possible that social capital-the resources available to individuals through their membership in a social network-may impact the likelihood of a planned procedure occurring. Medicare beneficiaries who underwent one of three access-sensitive procedures (abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, colectomy for cancer, and ventral hernia repair) between 2016-2020 were stratified by their census tract level of social capital, the exposure variable. Outcomes included rate of unplanned surgery, readmission, 30-day mortality, and complications which were risk-adjusted with a logistic regression model that accounted for patient age, sex, race, comorbidities, and area deprivation. A total of 975,048 beneficiaries were included (mean [SD] patient age, 76 [7.6] years; 443,190 were male [45.45%]). Compared to patients from census tracts in the highest overall social capital decile, those from census tracts with the least social capital were on average more likely to undergo unplanned surgery (40.67% versus 35.28%, OR=1.26 P<0.001). Additionally, beneficiaries in these communities were also more likely to experience postoperative complications (24.99% versus 22.90%, OR=1.12 P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in rates of readmission or mortality. When evaluating only elective procedures, the differences between the lowest and highest social capital decile groups reduced significantly for complications (12.77% versus 12.11%, OR=1.06 P=0.04), the differences in mortality rates collapsed, and differences in readmission rates remained insignificant. These data suggest that Medicare beneficiaries who live in communities with lower social capital are more likely to undergo unplanned surgery for access-sensitive conditions. Efforts to improve social capital in these communities may be one strategy for reducing the rate of unplanned operations.

The effects of internet use on the cultivation of non-timber forest products

Cultivating Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) serves as a crucial means to increase the income of impoverished households in remote areas, while also providing an important avenue towards achieving equitable economic development and environmental preservation. This paper explores the impact of the internet use on households' NTFPs cultivation practices. Based on the available dataset of 641 valid questionnaire responses collected through field research conducted by the research team, this study employs an in-depth analysis utilizing endogenous transformation models. Furthermore, the study recognizes the importance of considering heterogeneity among different user groups and purposes. The results indicate that households who use the internet with the proportion of NTFPs in their forest land being 8.863 % higher than others. Households who use the internet for sales having a proportion of NTFPs in their forest land that is 12.083 % higher than that of non-internet-using households, while households who use it for production only has a 6.971 % increase. Further analysis reveals that internet use increases households' social capital levels, thereby promoting NTFP cultivation, which is attributable to the rise of special e-commerce models such as WeChat business. Furthermore, the use of the internet to some extent reduces the supply of agricultural labor.

A comparative study on undergraduate engineering student socialisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Student socialisation into the norms and environment of their institution is a crucial process during their college experience. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these processes were disrupted, and little published research exists exploring comparisons of these student socialisation processes before and during the pandemic. Accordingly, we report on a quantitative study conducted at a large mid-western university in the United States, which compared survey data from 2018 to data collected in 2021. We operationalised student socialisation processes using Ashford and Black’s proactive behaviours scale to explore how these behaviours and relevant socialisation outcomes changed from before to during the pandemic. The primary socialisation outcomes of interest were engineering identity and social capital. During the COVID pandemic, students reported lower levels of social capital. However, we simultaneously observed higher ratings of students’ engineering identity. Next, using multivariate linear regression, we examined which proactive behaviours best predicted socialisation outcomes in both datasets. We found all proactive behaviours were significant predictors of social capital. Proactive behaviours did not influence student’s sense of engineering identity. This study contributes to the growing literature on the pandemic's impact on engineering undergraduate students and how proactive behaviours are related to their socialisation outcomes.

자활사업 참여자의 자활사업 효과성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study examined the impact on the effectiveness of self-reliance projectparticipants, focusing on the level and type of social capital of the participants. The subjectsof the study were participants participating in self-reliance projects at local self-reliancecenters in the region, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. As a result of dataanalysis, it was analyzed that the level and type of social capital had a statistically significant impact on the effectiveness of self-reliance projects such as changes in income, changes inwork satisfaction, and changes in life satisfaction. Based on the above results, policyrecommendations were presented for establishing a resource network for managing socialcapital of participants, guaranteeing autonomy in self-reliance projects, modifying criteria forjudging participants' work ability, and field-based customized education. However, this studyhas limitations because it only examined the social capital of participants participating inself-reliance projects. In future research, we believe that by examining a wide range of factorsrelated to the effectiveness of self-reliance projects, we will be able to find factors that werenot examined in this study.

The impact of physical activity on social anxiety among college students: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological capital.

As a topic of widespread concern in the fields of mental health and public health, social anxiety has many negative impacts on the physical and mental health of contemporary college students. Therefore, this study aims to provide new ideas for solving the problem of social anxiety among college students by exploring the potential mediating role of social support and psychological capital in the relationship between physical activity and social anxiety. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 874 college students from five universities in Shandong Province. Various self-report tools such as physical activity rating scale, social support scale, positive psychological capital scale, and social anxiety scale were used to collect information needed for this study. Related data. Use this to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis. The results showed that physical activity was significantly positively correlated with college students' social support (r = 0.354, p < 0.01) and psychological capital (r = 0.448, p < 0.01), and social support was significantly positively correlated with psychological capital (r = 0.556, p < 0.01), the above three are significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.326, -0.381, -0.432, p < 0.01); the mediation effect analysis shows that physical activity has a significant direct effect on college students' social anxiety The effect value is -0.136, accounting for 43.31% of the total effect; social support and psychological capital both play a separate mediating role between physical activity and social anxiety among college students, with effect values of -0.064 and -0.073 respectively, accounting for the total effect. 20.38, 23.25%, and also played a chain intermediary role, with an effect value of -0.041, accounting for 13.05% of the total effect. Current research shows that physical activity can not only directly reduce social anxiety among college students, but also indirectly alleviate social anxiety among college students by increasing the level of social support and psychological capital. This has important reference significance for helping college students in China and even around the world overcome social anxiety.

Assessing social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Herdananta BY, Ibriza NM, Wardha’adlina WA, Sulton MN, Sugiyarto, Budiharta S, Setyawan AD. 2024. Assessing social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 7: 50-60. Community-based Forest Management (CFM) offers more effective protection of forest resources with a decentralized approach to ownership and management, as well as the establishment of autonomous local institutions that provide adequate incentives for the parties involved. The community manages natural resources through mutual use agreements, which lead to the concept of social capital as a solution to overcome collective problems. The study aims to evaluate the state of social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia and identify the determinants that influence it as recommendations for improvement to policymakers. Data collection was conducted in March 2024 with research methods included interviews, surveys with questionnaires based on The Social Capital Assessment Tool (SCAT) and the Social Capital Integrated Questionnaire (SC-IQ) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) discussions with local communities. The results showed that social capital in the studied area was significantly influenced by various variables, such as the role of forest farmer groups, access to information, community knowledge, non-formal education, and forestry extension activities. Consequently, the average level of social capital is obtained at 36.91 with a moderate category. Additionally, the analysis of concern community reveals a high classification, with an average score of 8.39. Increased social capital can be reflected in a higher density and diversity of social ties, as well as greater access to resources and stronger trust among group members. The recommendations of this study emphasize the importance of government in encouraging community participation in CFM management, reducing mistrust and conflict with government agencies, and strengthening social capital essential for sustainable forest management.

The relationship between social capital and inflammatory biomarkers in early adulthood: A longitudinal study.

Higher levels of social capital (SC) are associated with better health status. However, there is little evidence of the impact of SC on biological health outcomes in the early ages. To identify the association between SC in adolescence and inflammation levels in early adulthood. Prospective study using data from 2435 participants from the Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto cohort. SC was assessed at age 17 through a self-administered questionnaire, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leucocytes were measured in a fasting blood sample at 17 and 21 years-old. A principal components analysis was performed to identify the domains of SC. Simple linear regressions were performed to assess the association between SC components and inflammatory status at 17 and 21years old. Pathway analysis was performed to assess the direct, indirect, and total effects of SC on hs-CRP and leucocyte levels. We did not find a significant total effect between SC at 17 years-old and hs-CRP at 21 years-old. However, the Trust/Reciprocity dimension showed a significant direct effect between SC and hs-CRP levels at 21 (β=-0.065, 95% CI: -0.129; -0.001), as well as a significant total effect (β=-0.075, 95% CI: -0.139; -0.011). Regarding leucocyte levels, total SC at 17 years-old was associated with leucocytes levels at 21 (β=-0.115, 95% CI: -0.205; -0.024). Significant direct (β=-0.104, 95% CI: -0.194; -0.014) and total effect (β=-0.107, 95% CI: -0.199; -0.015) of Trust/Reciprocity on leucocyte levels were observed. Adolescents with higher SC have a low inflammatory level in early adulthood, especially those with greater levels of trust/reciprocity.

Social Capital and Cross-Border Venture Capital Investments in China

In the context of the Chinese market, foreign cross-border venture capitalists have devised specific strategies to mitigate the challenges associated with the liabilities of foreignness, such as risks and information asymmetry. They have strategically leveraged social capital to not only decrease investment risk but also to influence their investment preferences and behaviors. To investigate the influence of different types of social capital on the investment decisions of cross-border venture capitalists, hypotheses are proposed and tested using regression analysis. Our research reveals several key findings in this regard. Firstly, cross-border venture capitalists with a robust structural social capital network exhibit a greater propensity to invest in early-stage companies. This suggests that well-established connections and partnerships within the Chinese entrepreneurial ecosystem provide a level of comfort and confidence when investing in ventures at their infancy. Interestingly, relational and cognitive social capital, though undoubtedly valuable, do not significantly impact the decision to make early-stage investments. Furthermore, we have observed that venture capitalists with higher levels of structural and cognitive social capital are more inclined to form syndications. Collaborative partnerships and shared knowledge networks seem to be crucial factors that drive syndication decisions. Lastly, venture capitalists endowed with substantial structural and relational social capital tend to allocate larger investment amounts, signifying the influence of business or personal relationships and network connections on the scale of their investments.

Impact of Social Media Use on the Life Satisfaction of Adolescents in South Korea Through Social Support and Social Capital

This study investigated how social media use among South Korean adolescents influences life satisfaction, using two-wave panel survey data. Specifically, this study examined the mediating mechanism by which adolescents’ social media use is associated with their life satisfaction through social support and social capital. The results demonstrated that social support and social capital mediate the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction. Social media use is positively related to social support, and social support has a positive relationship with a higher level of social capital which, in turn, is related to a higher level of life satisfaction. This study improves our understanding of the relationship between social media use and adolescents’ life satisfaction and presents significant implications for those attempting to help such individuals promote their life satisfaction and mental health.

Community Social Capital in Community Forest Management in Poso Pesisir District

In Indonesia, commercial management of community forests began several hundred years ago. This research aims to measure the level of social capital in community forest management, and analyze its influence on community forest performance. The research was carried out using a survey method. Two villages in one district were chosen purposively. Respondents were 60 people that randomly selected from each village. The results of the research reveal that the level of social capital of the two communities in community forest management is classified as different. High social capital has facilitated the revival of good community forest performance, which is characterized by high levels of community forest productivity, as well as continuing sustainable management of community forests, the benefits of regulations. fair management and cost efficiency of community forest management. Strong social capital drives better performance. This research concludes that community social capital in managing community forests in Toini Village is relatively high, while in Betania Village it is low. Considering the differences in social capital that exist in society, the author suggests the need to increase parties, especially the government, to support forest management through increasing roles, facilitating the expansion of social networks, and strengthening the implementation of rules to the community.

Disparity of Rural Income in Counties between Ecologically Functional Areas and Non-Ecologically Functional Areas from Social Capital Perspective

In China, income disparities between regions continue to widen, especially in rural areas where environmental policies are implemented, where regional development is more underdeveloped and inequality is high. This paper provides an explanation from the perspective of social capital. Based on the panel data of 2077 counties in 2001–2015, this paper finds that the difference in social capital between ecological and non-ecological functional areas is not only from the gap in the total amount but also from the gap in the income effects. Empirical evidence shows that, although there is a positive correlation between social capital and rural income, the difference between the income effects is further caused by the lower level of social capital in ecological functional areas than in non-ecological functional areas. It is proved that there is a gap between the income effects of social capital in ecological function areas and non-ecological function areas, especially among the low-income groups of the two sectors. The results of the further decomposition of the differences show that the total difference in rural income between ecological function areas and non-ecological function areas is about 40%, of which the contribution of social capital is greater than the contribution of the two sectors. Therefore, the national key ecological functional areas need to explore new models for poverty reduction through social capital.

Accessing diagnosis and treatment: The experience of cancer as wrangling with the system

Long term cancer survival is increasingly prevalent, and the consequences are of sociological and clinical interest. In this paper we deploy the concept of wrangling to emphasise the everyday tussle of survivorship and processes of navigating pathways through what can be an unwelcoming environment. From 2020 to 2022 81 interviews were conducted with people, Māori and non-Māori, throughout Aotearoa New Zealand identified as exceptional cancer survivors, living with a diagnosis of cancer from four to 37 years. Categories of wrangling discussed by participants included wrangling with the public drug-buying agency in Aotearoa New Zealand, wrangling between private and public healthcare systems, subaltern wrangling and wrangling across regions. Wrangling could be driven by the person with the cancer diagnosis, undertaken on behalf of that person by others including family and health professionals, and undertaken by the community. We argue that for most people with long-term cancer survival wrangling is a social practice, but the capacity to succeed in that practice is dependent on a range of factors, including levels of economic, cultural, and social capital. The concept of wrangling provides a contrast to an overemphasis in the survivorship literature on cancer as an individual experience; one largely disconnected from the art and practice of managing (often unwieldy and flawed) systems of care.

Pengaruh Modal Sosial Terhadap Kinerja Peternak Kambing Di Desa Besowo, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri

Social capital is an important factor for farmers because it can support the management of livestock businesses in Indonesia. Especially because Indonesian culture still relies heavily on group activities in society. Research on the influence of social capital on the performance of goat breeders in the Besowo Village area aims to describe the characteristics of social capital (Trust, Norm, Network, Reciprocity) by identifying the level of social capital of breeders in Besowo Village, Kepung subdistrict on the performance of the livestock. The research was carried out on 1-28 September 2023 using the Systematic Random Sampling method, namely determining the initial sample randomly using the Slovin formula to obtain 82 respondents in all hamlets in Besowo Village. The results of this research show that social capital has an important role in people's livestock by utilizing the existing social patterns of society.