Level Of Public Awareness Research Articles

Managing waste packaging for a sustainable future: a strategic and efficiency analysis in the European context

AbstractThe management of package waste has become a critical concern in pursuing sustainable development, particularly within the European context, where environmental regulations and sustainability goals are stringent. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic and efficiency analysis of waste packaging management across Europe, examining current practices, policies, and technological innovations in a sample of countries. The work identifies critical challenges and opportunities in the sector using Data Envelopment Analysis and Multicriteria decision analysis. Our findings reveal significant variations in the efficiency and effectiveness of waste packaging management practices among European countries, influenced by differing policy frameworks, recycling infrastructures, and public awareness levels. Sweden and Luxembourg excel in the sustainable and technical model for recycling, while Austria prevails for recovery in both. The strategic vision suggests an emphasis on green premium, and the most sustainable alternatives are those marked by natural fibres and respect for human conditions. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and communities to enhance waste packaging management efficiency. These include policy harmonisation at the EU level, investment in innovative recycling technologies, and fostering public–private partnerships to drive systemic change. By adopting these strategies, Europe can move closer to achieving its sustainability targets, reducing environmental impact, and promoting a circular economy. So, the implications of this paper are both strategic and political. The former is related to identifying the best strategy related to packaging waste, and the latter is to uniform the efficiency of waste packaging management in Europe.

Innovative Processes in the Sanatorium and Resort Sector of the Republic of Belarus

INTRODUCTION. The introduction of innovative processes in sanatorium-resort activities helps to approach the individual treatment of a citizen’s disease or preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of the population in a sanatorium-resort area, simplify the functioning of health resorts and their provision of high-quality services for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation. AIM. To determine the level of public awareness about sanatorium-resort organizations in the Republic of Belarus and to propose an algorithm for introducing innovative processes into their activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey method was used in the study. The research tool was a questionnaire. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by calculating the required number of respondents, taking into account the population of the regions of the Republic of Belarus (923 people) account the power of the study at the level (1 – β) = 80 %. A mobile application has been developed in the Visual Studio Code environment to improve the activities and optimize organizational processes in the health resort in order to raise public awareness, based on a study conducted in the health resorts of the republic to assess the quality of services provided for sanatorium treatment and wellness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. To identify the factors influencing the choice of a health resort by the population, cluster analysis, showed the closest correlation between the factors “doctors’ recommendations” and “medical services” influencing the choice of a health resort. The distribution of health resort awareness assessment in the regional context varied from 10.5 % (Grodno region) to 17.7 % (Minsk). The following are proposed: a system for informing the population and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population in treatment and rehabilitation, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities. A selective assessment of the quality of spa treatment and wellness services in health resorts was carried out. A mobile application has been developed. CONCLUSION. The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of Belarus about the activities of sanatorium-resort organizations was assessed using a survey method — regional differences were identified. A model of the public information system and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population and health improvement, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities are presented. A mobile application has been developed for sanatorium-resort organizations.

Climate Change Awareness and Policy Implementation in Canberra

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that while there is a high level of public awareness and concern about climate change among residents, translating this awareness into effective policy action remains a challenge. The local government has implemented various policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability, but gaps persist in policy enforcement and public engagement. The findings suggest that stronger collaboration between policymakers, community stakeholders, and educational campaigns is needed to bridge the gap between awareness and actionable outcomes in combating climate change in Canberra. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, framing theory & the theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Educational campaigns should incorporate interactive workshops, online resources, and community events that encourage participation and foster a deeper understanding of climate policies. Policymakers should allocate funding for climate education initiatives, ensuring that they are integrated into school curricula and community learning programs, thereby institutionalizing climate education.

Anatomical and Pathological Review of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Pick's Disease: A Public Study on the Awareness of Neurological Disorders

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's Disease, and Pick's disease. These conditions are characterized by a progressive decline in the structure and function of the nervous system. The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of these diseases, outline the anatomical changes they cause in the brain, and evaluate the level of public awareness about their prevalence and impact. Neuroimaging studies show that Alzheimer's disease initially leads to the degeneration of neuronal connections in brain regions associated with memory, such as the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. ALS is characterized by the degradation of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. In contrast, Parkinson's disease involves the decay of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor control impairments. Brain structure changes are linked to the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates such as amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, interfering with cellular functions and causing neuronal death. Besides addressing brain structure, this paper presents results from a survey assessing public awareness of neurodegenerative diseases. The findings suggest that while the public is well-informed about Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding less common conditions like ALS and Huntington's disease. The significance of implementing thorough educational approaches to increase public knowledge is highlighted by these results. This study seeks to narrow the divide between scientific knowledge and public awareness of neurodegenerative diseases by combining anatomical understanding with public perceptions.

The Role of Government and Community Collaboration in the Implementation of Waste Management Policies in Palu City

Waste management is a crucial issue for the growing city of Palu. Collaboration between the government and the community is the key to effective and sustainable waste management policy implementation. This study aims to describe the collaborative role between the government and the community in the implementation of waste management policies in Palu City. The method used is descriptive, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews with relevant parties, and analysis of waste management policy documents. The data obtained was analysed qualitatively to provide an overview of the dynamics of collaboration that occurred. The results showed that the Palu City government has played a role in formulating policies, providing waste management facilities and infrastructure, and building a supportive regulatory framework. The government also initiated waste management programmes such as waste banks and temporary disposal sites (TPS)). On the other hand, the role of the community is seen through active participation in these programmes, as well as involvement in waste reduction and recycling activities in their respective neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, challenges are still faced, including the low level of public awareness, the lack of supporting facilities, and inadequate law enforcement. This study concludes that good collaboration between the government and the community is essential in achieving more effective waste management in Palu City. Strengthening collaboration through education, improving facilities, and consistent law enforcement are needed so that waste management policies can be implemented optimally.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BUILDING

Green construction is a key element of Ukraine's sustainable development, as it contributes to reducing the impact on the environment and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, which is critically important in the face of global climate change and modern challenges. Green construction also supports Ukraine's integration into the international economy through the implementation of environmental standards, which increases the competitiveness of domestic companies. The purpose of the article is to single out the theoretical basis of the formation and development of green construction, as well as to determine the main problems in this field in Ukraine and ways to solve them. The analysis of Ukrainian and foreign studies have showed that the development of green construction in Ukraine has significant potential, especially under the condition of effective implementation of international standards and their adaptation to local realities, which will contribute not only to the preservation of the environment, but also to economic development, improving the quality of life and health population. The theoretical basis of the formation and development of green construction is systematized. The legislative and regulatory framework for green construction aimed at supporting ecologically sustainable development and construction in Ukraine has been analyzed. The main problems faced by green construction on the way to its development in Ukraine (insufficient regulatory framework, high cost of implementing ecological technologies, low level of public awareness and environmental culture, lack of qualified specialists, technical limitations and infrastructure challenges) are identified, and also given possible solutions to these problems. It is noted that for the further development of green construction, it is necessary to implement comprehensive strategies, which include stimulating investments in the green sector, developing and implementing new technologies, raising quality standards, and promoting environmental education. It is emphasized that government support through financial instruments, such as tax incentives and subsidies, can also contribute to increasing the number of green buildings.

Structural Analysis for Assessing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Strategies on Public Trust

Anti-corruption initiatives are critical tools in the fight against unethical behavior, selling transparency and integrity in both the public and commercial sectors. This study explores the efficacy of anti-corruption techniques on public trust in organizations. Using a dataset comprising 300 employees from a legal aid center, the research assesses the impact of diverse anti-corruption measures on Public Trust Score (PTS). Data turned into collected through surveys measuring the Transparency Index (TI), Accountability Index (AI), Effectiveness of Oversight Bodies (EOB), Public Awareness Level (PAL), and Quality of Anti-Corruption Training (QACT). SPSS was employed for analysis, consisting of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Pearson correlation was used to assess the significance and direction of the correlation between each independent variable and the dependent variable, and Multiple Linear regressions (MLR) was used to assess the influence of numerous independent variables. Simultaneously at the dependent variable. The findings imply that more advantageous transparency, accountability, and powerful oversight significantly enhance public acceptance, while public recognition and training quality have a notable but lesser impact.

Globalisation and Regulatory Strategies: Adapting to Changes in International Business

This article examines the interrelations between globalisation, economic development, and ecological sustainability. It analyses the role of financial innovations in promoting sustainable development and focuses on strategies that help companies adapt and thrive in the face of globalisation, turning challenges into opportunities. Given the complexity of the global business environment, success on the international level depends not only on the speed of changes but also on compliance with various regulatory standards. Regulatory strategies are crucial for mitigating risks and leveraging new opportunities. Therefore, companies must have a thorough understanding of their internal processes and the external regulatory and political environment. The research suggests that the integration of advanced financial instruments and effective political strategies can optimise the impact of globalisation, fostering economic growth and ecological sustainability. It is important to maintain a balanced and objective tone when presenting research findings. The importance of further analysing mechanisms for regulating globalisation processes and developing innovative financial instruments to stimulate environmentally sustainable investments is underscored, emphasising the need for international cooperation and adaptation to climate change. The study concludes that achieving harmony between economic progress and environmental protection requires economic measures, such as carbon taxes and emission quota systems, that embody the principle of pollution responsibility. Legislative initiatives that set limits on emissions and regulate resource use, as well as voluntary initiatives such as corporate social responsibility programs and eco-production criteria, are also necessary. The range of approaches reflects different methods of implementation, levels of compulsion, and stakeholder involvement. The implementation of a particular strategy depends on the economic context, political climate, level of public awareness, and technical readiness of a given country or region.

The ingredients for spreading tourism culture

The importance of spreading tourism components lies in identifying these tourism structures and trying to use them. This is to raise the cultural level of the population towards tourism culture and raise the level of tourism culture in a way that treats tourists properly without distorting the culture of the host country. The aim of this study is to identify the factors for the Spreading the elements of tourism and defining society is crucial for building a tourism industry in developing nations, which is seen as a valuable economic resource. The research has two sides: theoretical and operational, and the descriptive analytical approach was applied. Theoretically, reference was made to numerous publications and academic theses that had been written specifically to the factors contributing to the rise of tourist culture. Regarding the operational element, a questionnaire was created and given to a random sample of guests in both these hotels and tourist areas. To gauge the questionnaire's stability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The study questionnaire was next examined for the presence of internal stability (credibility), which demonstrates the degree of coherence or correlation between the questionnaire's paragraphs. In order to determine whether the study's assumptions of which indicates that (there is an importance of the components in spreading the tourism culture) and another of which argues that (there is a statistically significant relationship between the components and the tourism culture). The research produced a number of recommendations and conclusions, the most significant of which was that the desire to promote tourism awareness and culture is one of the prerequisites for the development of tourism infrastructure because it is practically impossible to discuss the growth of the tourism industry without a high level of public awareness of the industry. The creation of a national center or institute for the dissemination of tourism culture, which develops educational programs and studies for the community, workers, and those involved in the tourism sector, is one of the most crucial recommendations. This will help everyone, especially the residents of Sulaymaniyah governorate, understand the significance of tourism culture.

Analisis penerimaan dan penyetoran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat

The Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (or PBB-P2) is a crucial source of revenue for local governments in Indonesia. This research will analyze the revenue collection and payment of PBB-P2 in Tombasian Village, Kawangkoan Barat Subdistrict. The research methodology employed a qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews with tax officials and secondary data analysis. The findings clearly show a low level of public awareness regarding tax obligations, which is hurting tax revenue. Public understanding of tax policies and the quality of tax services significantly influence the payment of PBB-P2. The study provides recommendations to local governments to enhance public awareness campaigns, empower tax officials, and improve services to the community, thereby increasing revenue collection and tax payment of PBB-P2. These measures will undoubtedly lead to an increase in local tax revenue, which will support the development of Tombasian Village.

Law Enforcement of Environmental Agreement Violations by Business Entities

In the increasing demands for environmental protection and management which are currently increasing and require attention from every child of the nation as both policy makers and the community in general, the environmental law since the enactment of Law Number 4 of 1982 to Law Number 32 of 2009 which was then codified in the main ideas of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, this is the answer to the government's efforts in enforcing environmental law to be better and more beneficial. In the application of criminal law sanctions as a result of criminal acts by reviewing and highlighting the application of law to the implementation of environmental management as an effort for environmentally sustainable development, problems regarding the consequences of criminal acts committed by Business Entities so that they can result in additional criminal penalties must be based on legal norms by paying attention to the level of public awareness and global environmental developments and international legal instruments related to the environment as well as the awareness and life of the community in relation to environmental management have developed in such a way that they need to be refined to achieve the goals of environmentally sustainable development.

"An Integrated Model for Adopting Renewable Energy in IRAQ: A Standard Study for the Period (1992-2023)"

Data related to the study variables were collected for the period from 1992 to 2023, with the sample size reaching 31 observations for each variable. This research aims to review and analyze descriptive data for these multiple variables, which are related to different areas of renewable energy use and electricity consumption in Iraq. This research addresses important variables, including renewable energy, government policies related to it, and the level of public awareness of the subject. In addition, other variables such as electricity consumption, country's population, volume of imports and exports, economic growth, technological innovation, and foreign direct investment flows are analysed. The importance of this research is to understand the trends and factors influencing the field of renewable energy in Iraq, which can contribute to developing effective policies to promote the use of renewable energy and achieve environmental and economic sustainability in the country. Considering the negative impact, the variables EC (electricity consumption), NPG (population) and GP (economic growth) seem to have a negative impact on renewable energy production in the long run. Increased electrical consumption and population and economic growth can lead to increased demand for traditional sources of energy, reducing environmental sustainability and exposing the country to negative consequences in the future. On the other hand, the positive effect of the variables EG (economic growth), FDIF (foreign direct investment inflows), I (imports), PA (exports) and TI (technological innovation) on renewable energy production is shown. Increased investment in renewable energy infrastructure and adoption of clean technology can contribute to achieving environmental sustainability and boosting the economy. Using EViews 12 software, these variables will be analyzed according to available data with the aim of understanding trends, challenges and opportunities related to renewable energy in Iraq.

Effectiveness of the Role of the Rokan Hulu Regency Transportation Service in Monitoring Illegal Travel in Pasir Pengaraian City

This research aims to find out how effective the role of the Rokan Hulu district transportation service is in monitoring illegal travel in the city of Pasir Pengaraian. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The indicators in this research are input, process, output and outcome. This research was conducted at the Rokan Hulu Regency transportation service. Collecting data obtained through interviews, observation, documentation. The author's technique for determining informants uses the snowball sampling method. The snowball sampling method is a technique for taking data sources, initially the number is small and then becomes larger, this is because the few data sources are not able to provide satisfactory data, so look for other informants to use as data sources. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the role of the Rokan Hulu Regency Transportation Service in monitoring illegal travel in Pasir Pengaraian City is still not effective and optimal because what happens in the field in the monitoring process is only monitoring actions in routine operations and raids, but these activities are still rare. done. The inhibiting factors or obstacles for the Rokan Hulu district transportation service are that they are still careless in terms of supervision, lack of certainty and schedule in carrying out supervision, limited budget, lack of level of public awareness, and still difficulty for transport drivers in processing permits..

Tantangan Dalam Mengembangkan Komunikasi Lingkungan Pada Isu Sampah Plastik

In SIPSN KLHK data, plastic waste in Indonesia has significantly increased over the last three years, indicating a growing level of public awareness about the issue. The objective of this article is to achieve optimal environmental communication by describing the challenges in developing environmental communication on the issue of plastic waste, both conventionally and digitally. This aims to serve as a comprehensive review regarding challenges that have not been discussed by previous researchers who did not specify environmental communication challenges related to plastic waste. The research method used is qualitative, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The interviews and observations were conducted at Bank Sampah Teratai, a waste bank in South Tangerang City. The findings reveal that the challenges in developing environmental communication on plastic waste can be categorized by media (digital and conventional), demographic age groups (teenagers, adults, and seniors), and administrative challenges, all analyzed using Lasswell's theory of communication elements. In conclusion, the primary factors contributing to these challenges are inconsistency and public skepticism. The urgency of this research is the increasing volume of plastic waste annually, which has significant environmental impacts. Therefore, enhancing public awareness about plastic waste through effective environmental communication is crucial. The researcher recommends that environmental communicators focus on addressing solutions to inconsistency and skepticism to mitigate these challenges.

Public awareness about common ocular diseases among a sample of Egyptian population

Background Globally, the most common causes of blindness in adults are cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Inadequate knowledge of these conditions leads to lag in medical advice requisition, losing the opportunity for prevention and early intervention with an increased rate of disease complications. Aim This study aimed to detect the level of public awareness about common eye problems in Egypt to help build strategies to prevent complications related to these eye problems. Patients and methods This is a prospective cross-sectional analytical study that used a pre-tested e-questionnaire to collect data from the study participants during the period from September 2022 to June 2023 at Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt. A Google form was created, and participants were invited through social media. It included four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, medical history of study participants, knowledge about common ocular diseases, and sources of gaining knowledge. Results The study included 802 participants, 54.2% of them were females, more than 55% of them were between the ages of 18–30 years, and 74.4% were university graduates. Awareness of cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration was reported in 45.7, 34.8, 38.3, 80, and 77.5% of the study participants, respectively. Physicians and social media were the most common efficient sources of gaining knowledge. Higher education and working in a medical profession, especially physicians and pharmacists were associated with higher knowledge scores. Conclusion Low levels of knowledge of most of the blinding conditions among the study participants raise the importance of adopting health education programs by our healthcare systems taking into consideration that physicians and social media were among the most convenient routes to reach the targeted population.

THE ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS MATRIX IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY RESOURCE SUSTAINABILITY: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

The article examines the problem of resource sustainability of the Russian society in conditions of accele-rating rate of technic evolution and anthropogenic pressure on the natural world of the Earth. In this regard, the authors analyze the prerequisites for the environmental consciousness formation as a signifi cant structure of social self-organization related with the factors of ontological security, trust and human responsibility for the biosphere preservation. Research is carried out within the framework of an ecosystem approach, which emphasizes that’s the combination of biosphere and social resources ensuring the sustainable development of the global world. Setting of social psychology to activate the norm is used in the analysis of the motivation factors of pro-ecological behavior. The empirical basis is the statistical material of sociological surveys conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Re-search Center. At present, ecological consciousness resource is associated with a set of beliefs and values that guide person’s perception of the natural environment within the human life world as a self-suffi cient system interacting with the structures from technological and social spheres. There are various models of person’s behavior motivated by a combination of social norms and personal attitudes that form the semantic matrix of personal environmental consciousness. On the other hand, citizens’ concern for the environment state is identifi ed as a leading factor in motivating pro-environmental behavior. Presented statistical data from VCIOM surveys show the level of public awareness about the global signifi cance of the life safety factor in their region and public involvement in changing the situation. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that the formation of contextual structures of consciousness based on ecosystem settings gives rise to new stereotypes of worldview, thought and behavior. Therefore, this type of consciousness represents a signifi cant resource for the sustainable development of Russian society in condition of technogenic civilization

Brine waste from seawater desalination in Malaysia: Assessment on public awareness and understanding

Abstract Water scarcity is a growing concern, and saltwater desalination is being explored as a potential solution, including in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important to assess public awareness of the outcome of desalination and the harmful effects of improper disposal of brine in the ecosystem. Hence, a survey was conducted and analyzed using the relative importance index method to gather information on public awareness of brine waste management practices and the negative impacts of brine waste. One hundred respondents from the public in Malaysia were randomly selected for this sample study. The results indicated that the public has an average level of awareness about desalination. Despite that, their perception of brine waste and its impact on the ecosystem ranges from average to high. Nevertheless, the study also reveals significant findings related to the low understanding among Malaysians regarding the detrimental effects of untreated brine wastewater disposal. Thus, the experts emphasize the importance of education and awareness to the public and encourage the government to implement stricter regulations on brine disposal with more effective policies. Moreover, the output of this paper gauged the public awareness level in Malaysia regarding the increasing use of desalination technology and the potential negative consequences of brine waste. It later equips the policymakers with the necessary information to make well-informed decisions by actively engaging the understanding of local communities' needs, perspectives, and aspirations on matters that directly affect them.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНОГО ТА НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЦЕНТРУ НАРОДНИХ ПРОМИСЛІВ

The article proposes modern technologies and develops conceptual approaches to the design of a research and educational center that ensure functionality and compliance with historical traditions. The main planning zones and functions of the complex have been determined, including administrative, educational, research, craft, exhibition and recreational zones, ensuring the effective use of the territory and promoting the popularization of folk crafts. In order to form the conceptual foundations, the comparative historical method was used in the study in order to evaluate the organization of places in the past and integrate them into the present. In the 19th century, landlord settlements were a key component of the socio-economic structure on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis of folk crafts and their integration at the cultural heritage site allows for the implementation of a cultural program for visitors, namely: various workshops in weaving, pottery, cheese making, baking, woodworking, as well as holding folk holidays and ceremonies. An important part of the cultural program are folklore performances and theatrical productions, which contribute to the preservation of Ukrainian culture. Planning solutions have been developed that take into account the characteristics of historic buildings and the landscape, including strengthening the banks, installing drainage systems and other engineering measures to ensure the stability, sustainability and safety of the complex. The project of the research and training center of folk crafts in the village of Sednіv (Chernihiv region) is an important step in preserving the cultural heritage of Ukraine. It will contribute to the economic growth of the region and sustainable development, the development of tourism, raising the level of public awareness of folk crafts and traditions.

Community-Centric Approach: Bhabinkamtibmas Strategies in Mitigating Covid-19 Transmission Within The Cultural Landscape Of Hukurila

The escalation of Covid-19 in Indonesia, including Maluku, underscores varying levels of public awareness concerning health protocols, notably non-compliance with mask-wearing, public gatherings, and other breaches of Covid-19 regulations. This article delves into the pivotal role of Bhabinkamtibmas, an integral part of the police force, in addressing these community issues. The research aims to elucidate Bhabinkamtibmas' strategies in curtailing the virus's spread in the indigenous community of Negeri Hukurila, employing a community-centric approach with qualitative methods like in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. Research findings highlight Bhabinkamtibmas' active participation in health education, mask distribution, and vaccination programs. They are also integral to the 3T strategy, establishing health centres, innovating health protocols in restaurants, fortifying places of worship, conducting vaccinations, implementing colour zoning, and forming Covid-19 data task forces. Bhabinkamtibmas goes beyond education, fostering security and discipline in the community's adherence to health protocols during the pandemic. Collaborating with Babinsa, they actively curb virus spread through socializing health protocols, participating in evacuations, and overseeing quarantine measures. Despite distinct roles, Bhabinkamtibmas and Babinsa maintain synergy, underscoring the need for community involvement and cross-institutional collaboration for optimal Covid-19 management.

Building Eco-Friendly Cities: Government-Community Collaboration In Shaping Sustainable Urban Waste Management

The development of eco-friendly cities necessitates collaboration between the government and communities in shaping sustainable urban waste management. The issue of waste presents a significant challenge in efforts to enhance environmental quality and public health in urban areas. Well-managed waste not only reduces negative environmental impacts but also creates new economic opportunities. In this context, this research employs a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observation techniques to examine waste management in Ambon City. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants from the Ambon City Environmental and Waste Management Agency, while document studies were utilized to analyze information related to waste issues in the city. The findings indicate that collaboration between the government and communities is crucial for achieving success in waste management. Ambon City and its residents require joint efforts to address waste issues, particularly due to the low level of public awareness regarding government efforts in waste management. Increased community participation and full government support are necessary to achieve clean, healthy, and sustainable urban environments.