Level Of Psychosocial Adjustment Research Articles

Factors related to psychosocial adjustment in patients with enterostomy: Based on a national cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to explore the psychosocial adjustment of enterostomy patients on a national scale. Based on a national cross-sectional survey. From December 2021 and February 2023, a total of 22,040 enterostomy patients were assessed using the ostomy adjustment inventory-20. Initial analysis involved employing the chi-square test or Kruskal-Wallis H test to identify factors influencing the psychosocial adjustment of these patients. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting the classification of psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients. The reporting of this study adhered to the STROBE checklist. Eventually 21,124 patients with enterostomy were included in this study, out of which 7788 (36.9%) patients with low level of psychosocial adjustment, 11,803 (55.8%) patients with medium level of psychosocial adjustment and 1533 (7.3%) patients with high level of psychosocial adjustment. The factors influencing the classification of psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients were gender, educational background, carer, enterostomy self-care knowledge score and medical payment method. The overall psychosocial adjustment level of enterostomy patients is not optimistic, and the factors that may affect the classification of their psychosocial adjustment level are analysed. Individualised intervention should be given according to different psychosocial adjustment levels of enterostomy patients. The number of enterostomy patients with a high level of psychosocial adjustment is small in relation to the total number of enterostomy patients, and caregivers can provide health education to enterostomy patients by analysing the factors affecting the level of psychosocial adjustment of enterostomy patients. None.

High level of psychosocial adjustment in patients on ongoing ventricular assist device support in the years one to three after VAD implantation—A national multi-center Study

BackgroundAdvanced heart failure therapies such as durable ventricular assist device (VAD) support require psychosocial adjustment for those affected. Since VAD implantation has become an established treatment strategy, a focus on psychosocial factors is needed. ObjectivesTo investigate the construct of psychosocial adjustment and to further understand the role of social support. MethodsIn a nation-wide, multi-center, cross-sectional study, we recruited 393 participants with ongoing VAD support (3mts-3yrs on device; clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04234230). Patient demographics, psychosocial adjustment (perceived social support, anxiety, depression, and quality of life), and major adverse events (thromboembolic events, bleeding, driveline infections) were assessed. ResultsOverall, 85.8 % of the sample were male; mean age was 58.3 years (range 18-85). The majority of the sample (89.3 %) reported normal to high perceived social support. Participants expressed symptoms of anxiety within the normal range (M=6.0±3.9), mildly elevated depressive symptoms (HADS: M=7.6±2.9; PHQ-9: M=6.2±4.7), and good quality of life (KCCQ: M=65.3±17.9). Higher perceived social support was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher levels of quality of life within our sample (all p<0.001). Driveline infection was the most prevalent adverse event (0.304 infections per person-years [32.6 % of patients]). Binary logistic regression models did not identify significant associations for the occurrence of adverse events and variables of psychosocial adjustment. ConclusionOur sample perceived high levels of psychosocial adjustment. High perceived social support was associated with better outcomes in levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life, demonstrating potential for the future development and evaluation of targeted multi-professional social support interventions including peer- and caregiver support.

Factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in newly diagnosed young to middle-aged women with breast cancer: A cross-sectional study.

To examine the psychosocial adjustment of young to middle-aged women who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer and to determine the comprehensive risk factors contributing to psychosocial adjustment. This study was carried out on 358 young to middle-aged women who recently received a breast cancer diagnosis in two hospitals in Guangzhou, China. Participants reported data about sociodemographic characteristics, disease and treatment information, coping modes, social support, self-efficacy, and psychosocial adjustment. To analyze the data, the researchers utilized independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the participants exhibited a moderate level of psychosocial maladjustment, with a mean score of 42.44±15.38. Additionally, 30.4% of the participants were classified as having severe psychosocial maladjustment. The study identified the coping mode of acceptance-resignation (β=0.367, P< 0.001), mode of avoidance (β=-0.248, P=0.001), social support (β=-0.239, P< 0.001), self-efficacy (β=-0.199, P=0.001) as factors that impacted the level of psychosocial adjustment. Psychosocial adjustment among young to middle-aged women who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer is affected by self-efficacy, social support, and coping modes. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to psychosocial adjustment in young to middle-aged women with breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, and could formulate effective interventions to improve their psychosocial adjustment by increasing self-efficacy, promoting social support, and encouraging effective coping.

Psychosocial adaptation under adverse experiences: A study on the role of empathy with adolescents from vulnerable contexts in Brazil

BackgroundAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that affect children and adolescents, increasing the risk for negative outcomes in several developmental domains. The literature suggests that ACEs affect boys and girls differently, and that protective factors such as social and emotional skills may favor resilience processes and promote Psychosocial Adjustment. ObjectiveThe present study aimed to verify gender differences in relation to ACEs and Empathy, and to identify whether the effect of ACEs on Psychosocial Adjustment is moderated by Empathy. Participants and settingA total of 1229 boys and girls aged 14 to 17 years from public schools in regions considered to be of high social vulnerability in two cities of Brazil participated in this study. MethodsComparisons between genders were carried out using a logistic regression model. We then fitted multiple regression models predicting Psychosocial Adjustment, where ACEs, Empathy, and an interaction term between ACEs and Empathy were employed as independent variables, controlled by gender. ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that girls experience ACEs more often than boys (d = 0.26, p = 0.02; d = 0.36; p < 0.001), and score higher on the Empathy scale (d = 0.43, p < 0.001). The genders do not differ in Community Violence Exposure nor Psychosocial Adjustment levels. Interaction analysis showed that Empathy moderates the effect of ACEs on adolescents' level of Psychosocial Adjustment. In the context of close relationships, Empathy may counteract the effect of ACEs, while in cases involving domestic violence and/or psychological abuse, it may amplify the impact of ACEs. ConclusionsThe results show the relevance of considering gender specificities and that the role played by Empathy is more complex and needs further investigation. We emphasize that programs and policies aiming to prevent ACEs and their harmful effects should consider its types, in addition to the diversity and the specificities of the target population.

Psychosocial adjustment and its influencing factors among head and neck cancer survivors after radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study.

Psychosocial adjustment is an important issue in patients' long-term survival. Understanding psychosocial adjustment and its influencing factors in head and neck cancer survivors after radiotherapy is essential to help them return to society and lead a normal life. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of psychosocial adjustment and explore its influencing factors in head and neck cancer patients. Between May 2019 and May 2022, 253 head and neck cancer survivors at a tertiary hospital in northeast China were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The research instruments comprised the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire, the Self-report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR), the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the M.D. Anderson Symptom Survey-head and neck Questionnaire (MDASI-H&N). The mean PAIS-SR score was 42.31±16.70 (moderate). The multiple regression model revealed that 73.2% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment was explained by marital status (β = -0.114, P=0.005), return to work or not (β = -0.275, P<0.01), self-efficacy (β = -0.327, P<0.01), subjective support (β = -0.106, P=0.043), utilization of support (β = -0.172, P<0.01), and trouble with symptoms in daily life (β = 0.138, P=0.021). The psychosocial adjustment of head and neck cancer survivors after radiotherapy is an issue that needs to be addressed, and medical staff should develop effective, individualized interventions to improve their psychosocial adjustment by increasing their social support, improving their self-efficacy and strengthening symptom management according to their actual situation.

Factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in working-age colorectal cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the level of psychosocial adjustment and identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in working-age colorectal cancer survivors. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 212 colorectal cancer survivors visiting a cancer clinic at a specialized oncology hospital in China. Socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related characteristics, status of returning to work, Work Ability Index scores, M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory for Gastrointestinal Cancer scores, and self-reported Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale scores were collected from all participants. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, which were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). ResultsParticipants reported a medium level of psychosocial maladjustment (35.73 ​± ​19.68), with 19.3% of participants experiencing severe maladjustment, 29.7% experiencing moderate maladjustment, and 50.9% experiencing mild maladjustment, respectively. Age, gender, marital status, having a child, education level, having a stoma, comorbidities, return to work, work ability, and symptom distress were entered into a multiple linear regression analysis. The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was work ability (β ​= ​−0.393, P ​< ​0.001), followed by symptom distress (β ​= ​0.380, P ​< ​0.001) and an education level of college or above (β ​= ​0.150, P ​= ​0.027). These variables accounted for 46.1% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment. ConclusionsColorectal cancer survivors with low work ability, high symptom distress, and an education level of college or above are at a high risk for psychosocial maladjustment. Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment should attach increased importance to the work status and symptom distress of colorectal cancer survivors.

Does the trauma associated with out-of-home care transmit across generations? Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study during a major health pandemic

ObjectivesChildren with experience of out-of-home care (OHC) are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes in later life, including poorer levels of psycho-social adjustment. Less is known about the intergenerational...

A Survey of social support and psychosocial compliance in patients with breast cancer

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate social support and psychosocial compliance in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The research was carried out on 131 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The forms containing patients’ demographic information were prepared by the researcher and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Psychosocial Adjustment of Illnes Scale-Self Report Scale (PAIS-SR) were used as the data tools. Data were collected during personal interviews with patients, and were evaluated on computer using SPSS packet program. Mean, standard deviation, t-test and Mann-Whitney U-Test, one way variance, Kruskal Wallis test Kolmogorov-Simirnov test, Spearman correlation analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The mean score of MSPSS was 60.9±8.2 and the mean score of PAIS-SR scale was 56.0±9.5. It was found out that level of psychosocial adjustment of 3.8% of the patients was “good”, level of psychosocial adjustment of 22.2% of them was “fair” and level of psychosocial adjustment of 74.0% of them was “poor”. It was found that there was a negative and significant correlations between MSPSS and PAIS-SR.

Psychosocial Adjustment of In-Home Caregivers of Family Members with Dementia and Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and dementia are highly prevalent worldwide. People who suffer from these disorders often receive in-home care and assistance from family members, who must dedicate a considerable amount of time to the care recipient. The study of family caregivers' psychosocial adjustment to the degenerative processes of both conditions is of interest due to the implications for the quality of life of both the care receiver and the caregiver, as well as other family members. This study compares the psychosocial adjustment of family members who care for people with dementia and Parkinson's disease and identifies the main sociodemographic variables that affect the processes of adjustment to both conditions. To this end, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) and a sociodemographic form were administered to 157 family caregivers in Navarre, Spain. The results show that adjustment to the disease in family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease and dementia is, in general, satisfactory and related to variables such as place of residence, income, and employment status. The illness itself (Parkinson's or dementia), however, is found to be the most influential variable in the level of psychosocial adjustment.

أثر لجوء الطفل السوري في علاقته بالتکيف النفسي والاجتماعي والتفکير الابداعي في ضوء بعض المتغيرات

هدفت الدراسة إلى الکشف عن مستوى کل من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، والتفکير الإبداعي لدى الأطفال السوريين في ضوء بعض المتغيرات، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (318) طفلا وطفلة.استخدمت الدراسة أداة للقياس تمثلت في مقياس التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، أظهرت النتائج امتلاک أفراد العينة لمستوى متوسط من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، ومستوى متدن من التفکير الإبداعي. کما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى کل من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، والتفکير الإبداعي تعزى لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث، کما وجدت فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى کل من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، والتفکير الإبداعي تعزى لمتغير العمر لصالح الأعمار من (10-12) سنة، کما أشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى کل من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، والتفکير الإبداعي تعزى لمتغير فقدان أحد الوالدين لصالح أطفال غير الفاقدين لوالديهم، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى کل من التکيف النفسي والاجتماعي، والتفکير الإبداعي تعزى لمتغير المستوى الاقتصادي لصالح المستوى الاقتصادي المرتفع. The study aimed to detect the level of psychological and social adjustment and creative thinking among Syrian children in the light of some variables. The sample of the study consisted of (318) children’s. The results have showed a medium level of psychosocial adjustment, and low level of creative thinking. The results also showed statistically significant differences in the level of psychological and social adjustment, creative thinking due to the gender variable in favor of females, and significant differences in the level of psychological and social adjustment, and creative thinking due to age variable for ages 10-12 years, The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the level of psychosocial adjustment, and creative thinking due to the variable of loss of one of the parents in favor of the parents' presence. There were statistically significant differences in the level of psychological and social adjustment, and creative thinking due to the economic level in favor of high economic level.

The correlation between stigma and adjustment in patients with a permanent colostomy in the Midlands of China

Objective: To investigate the correlation between stigma and ostomy adjustment in patients with a permanent colostomy. Methods: A total of 118 patients (male 81/female 37 with an average age 57.4±15.0) from six grade 3 hospitals of the Midlands of China with a permanent colostomy were recruited. Participants responded to a questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data, Social Impact Scale (SIS) scores to ascertain stigma level and Ostomy Adjustment Inventory (OAI-20) scores to identify the level of psychosocial adjustment. Results: The patients’ average SIS score was (60.7±10.4). The QAI-20 total score was (41.3±10.8). The SIS total score and SIS subscores were negatively related to the total score and subscore of QAI-20 (r=-0.222~-0.537, all P&lt;0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed the level of self-stoma care performed, the degree of communication with medical staff, financial insecurity and social rejection when added into the regression equation had a significant negative impact on OAI-20. Conclusion: In comparison to the average SIS score, the SIS score in this study sample is higher than midpoint, indicating stigma is closely related to ostomy adjustment. It is suggested that health professionals need to pay more attention to patients’ expressed feelings of stigma to improve their ability to adjust to living with a colostomy.

Pathways Into Psychosocial Adjustment in Children: Modeling the Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence, Social-Emotional Problems, and Gender.

Trait Emotional intelligence (Trait EI) can be understood as a personality trait related to individual differences in recognition, processing, and the regulation of emotionally charged information. Trait EI has been considered a variable of great importance in determining psychosocial adjustment. However, most research on Trait EI has focused on adult and adolescent populations, while very few studies have explored its influence on children. The aim of this study was to analyze possible pathways into psychosocial adjustment in children by examining the combined effects of Trait EI and emotional and social problems. It also aimed to assess the possible mediating role of gender in this relationship. A total of 268 Spanish children participated in this study, ranging in age from 8 to 12 years (mean age = 10.09, SD = 1.32, 45.10% male). Selected measures were applied through a web-based survey called DetectaWeb. The regression and mediation/moderation analyses confirmed that psychosocial adjustment in children was determined by Trait EI directly and by emotional and social problems in an indirect way. Together, the three variables explained 46% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, although Trait EI was the most powerful predictor (44%), demonstrating incremental validity over and above social and emotional problems. In addition, gender was shown to be a moderating variable between Trait EI and psychosocial adjustment; for girls specifically, lower Trait EI scores were a determinant of lower levels of psychosocial adjustment, regardless of emotional and social problems. It can be concluded that the identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting psychosocial adjustment, well-being, and good mental health among children. Our findings support the buffer role of Trait EI against maladjustment risk in children, but more clearly in girls.

Influences of facial disfigurement and social support for psychosocial adjustment among patients with oral cancer in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo explore the influences of facial disfigurement and social support for psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer.DesignA cross-sectional design was used for the study.Participants and settingA convenience sample of...

Psychosocial Adjustment of First Year Gymnasium Students Depending on Gender

Research background and hypothesis. The data of students’ national academic achievements confirmed that high achievements were related to good well-being at school. Most attention should be paid to first year gymnasium students because especially great differences were established in the academic achievements of those who evaluated school microclimate favorably and unfavorably. We hypothesized that the level of psychosocial adjustment of female first year gymnasium students would be higher than that of male students.Research aim. The aim of the present study was to establish psychosocial adjustment of first year gymnasium students depending on their gender.Research methods. The sample included 362 first year gymnasium students, girls (n = 198) and boys (n = 164). They were 14–16 years of age. The Rogers and Dymond’s questionnaire was chosen for the evaluation of psychosocial adjustment (Rogers, Dymond, 1954). It was translated into the Lithuanian language and adapted for the Lithuanian population (Klizas, 2009). Besides the psychosocial adjustment subscale, we analyzed other subscales (self-esteem, evaluation of others, emotional comfort, integrity, domination, avoidance of problem) as well which helped reveal the person’s psychosocial adjustment.Research results. Analyzing the level of gymnasium students psychosocial adjustment in the aspect of gender, we established statistically significant difference in the avoidance of problems (t = –3.19; p &lt; 0.05). We established that the level of negative evaluation of others for boys and girls was statistically significant (χ 2 = 10.71; df = 2; p &lt; 0.05). The evaluation of the level of emotional discomfort for boys and girls revealed a statistically significant difference in the aspect of gender (χ 2 = 12.49; df = 2; p &lt; 0.05).Discussion and conclusions. We established that psychosocial adjustment of first year gymnasium students was of low level. Such components of psychosocial adjustment as adjustment, evaluation of others, emotional comfort, integrity, domination and avoidance of problems were of low level, and only self-esteem was moderate. In the aspect of gender, we revealed a statistically significant difference in the avoidance of problems (p &lt; 0.05). The avoidance level of girls in the first year of the gymnasium was higher than that of boys. But for boys, the levels of adjustment, evaluation of others, emotional comfort, integrity, domination were higher than those of girls. Self-esteem for girls was higher than that of boys; however, no statistically significant difference was found.Keywords: school (adjustment) microclimate, emotional comfort, avoidance of problems.

The Role of Optimism, Social Constraints, Coping, and Cognitive Processing in Psychosocial Adjustment Among Breast Cancer Survivors.

The social-cognitive processing model suggests that a socially constrained environment may impede adjustment to a chronic illness. The present study primarily investigated the mediating psychological pathways through which social constraints on cancer-related disclosure, low optimism, disengagement-oriented coping, and brooding could be associated with low levels of psychosocial adjustment. One hundred twenty-five female breast cancer survivors participated in a cross-sectional study. Path analysis was used to examine the proposed model. Low optimism, increased social constraints, and higher levels of brooding appeared to be risk factors for poor psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer. Disengagement-oriented coping and brooding partially mediated the relationship between social constraints and adjustment. Brooding totally mediated the relationship between disengagement-oriented coping and adjustment. The current findings provide support for the value of the social-cognitive processing model among breast cancer survivors. The mapping of psychological pathways of adjustment to breast cancer may have useful clinical implications for better adjustment outcomes.

Facebook: Risks and Opportunities in Brazilian and Portuguese Youths with Different Levels of Psychosocial Adjustment

This study aimed to assess the risks and opportunities associated with Facebook usage and to explore the moderating role of psychosocial (mal)adjustment, nationality and age in these relationships. This correlational study involved a sample of 452 Brazilian and 500 Portuguese youths, aged between 14 and 20 years. Results showed that these youths spent a daily average of 61-120 minutes on Facebook, three to four times per week, displaying a positive attitude towards its use. These characteristics were most notable in the Brazilian youths [t(950) = 5.64, p < .001; t(950) = -5.07, p < .001; and t(950) = - 6.85, p < .001, respectively]. The Portuguese youths ran more risks than the Brazilians [t(950) = 6.36, p < .001], but both youths equally enjoyed the opportunities. In the case of the Portuguese youths, the risks and opportunities were moderated by the frequency of use, in other words "the higher the usage, the more risks and opportunities" (β = -.235 p < .001and β = -.167, p < .001, respectively). The psychosocial adjustment indicators did not moderate the effects of Facebook usage habits in risks and opportunities. The less psychosocially adjusted youths were those who ran more risks and also made the most of the opportunities. The results are discussed in light of the role of psychological, socio-cultural and developmental factors.

Psychosocial Adjustment in Korean Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

The increasing survival rate of colorectal cancer demands various nursing interventions and continuous care for patients to adapt to their psychosocial daily lives. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors. A cross-sectional descriptive study with face-to-face interviews was conducted of 156 colorectal cancer survivors after surgery visiting an outpatient cancer clinic at a tertiary hospital in S city, Korea. Posttraumatic growth, health-promoting behavior, length of treatment, difficulty in activities of daily living, and having a stoma were entered into the linear regression model. The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was health-promoting behavior (β=.33, p<.001), followed by difficulty in activities of daily living (β=-.24, p=.001), posttraumatic growth (β=.20, p=.004), and having a stoma (β=-.19, p=.004). Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors need to include the contents for posttraumatic growth, as well as health-promoting behavior, and activities of daily living.

Psychosocial Adjustment among Orphan Children Living with HIV/AIDS

AIDS is the final stage of infection with the retro-virus HIV. This disease not only affects the individuals’ physical health, but it also affects the psychological health and the adjustment of an individual towards oneself and his surrounding environment. The objective of the present study is to understand the level of psychosocial adjustment among orphan and non-orphan children living with HIV/AIDS. Adjustment inventory was administered to 400 orphan and non-orphan children living with HIV/AIDS. Results indicated that orphan children with HIV/AIDS were having lower level of adjustment than non-orphan children with HIV/AIDS. Within the orphan children with HIV/AIDS the girl and rural children were having lower level adjustment compared to the boy and urban children. The study suggested the need for specific interventions to improve adjustment of the orphan children with HIV/AIDS.

The study on the level of psychosocial adjustment and related factors affecting to psychosocial adjustment of children living with custodial grandparents

본 연구는 조손가정 아동들의 심리사회적 적응 수준이 일반 아동과 비교하여 어떠한 상태인지 살펴보고, 이들의 심리사회적응 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 무엇인지 검토하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서울 경기 지역 지역사회복지관과 지역아동센터를 대상으로 조손가정 아동들에 대한 설문을 실시하여 112부를 수거하였으며, 초중고등학교에 재학중인 일반 아동 124명을 비교집단으로 하여 심리사회적응 수준과 개인, 가정, 학교 환경적 특성에 대해 비교분석하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 조손가정 아동들은 일반아동에 비해 더 많은 심리사회적응 문제를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조손가정 아동들을 대상으로 심리사회적 적응 수준에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 검토한 결과 신체적 건강문제가 많을수록, 학교생활에 대한 흥미가 낮을수록 심리사회적응의 문제가 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 볼 때, 우선적으로 조손가정 아동들의 심리사회적 적응을 도울 수 있는 사회시스템이 갖추어져야 할 필요성이 높으며, 특히 조손가정 아동들의 건강 증진과 학교생활에의 흥미를 높일 수 있는 방안이 도입되어야 함을 알 수 있다.

Factors influencing peritoneal dialysis patients' psychosocial adjustment

The specific aims of this study were as follows: (1) to describe psychosocial adjustment in adults with end-stage renal disease who underwent maintenance peritoneal dialysis; (2) to explore the influence of demographics, clinical variables, symptom distress and social support on psychosocial adjustment and (3) to determine predictive factors of psychosocial adjustment. Proper psychosocial adjustment is important for patients with end-stage renal disease to cope with multiple stressors of their disease and to balance their lives within the restrictions imposed by peritoneal dialysis treatment. Knowledge on psychosocial adjustment in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis has been limited. The study was based on a predictive correlational design. One hundred peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited from outpatient peritoneal dialysis clinics of a general hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected with the study questionnaires, including the Physical Symptom Distress Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale - self-report. The mean score on the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was 359.7 (SD = 40.0), indicating that these participants were moderately struggling in adjusting to their illness. Symptom distress, family social support and financial status explained 38.3% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment (F3,96 = 21..5, p < 0.001). The level of psychosocial adjustment in peritoneal dialysis patients is suboptimal. Overall, the patients with high physical symptom distress, weak family social support and poor financial status reported deficient psychosocial adjustment to their illness. The findings of this study are relevant to the understanding of preconditions that enable peritoneal dialysis patients to successfully adjust to the disease and its diverse consequences. Patients with insufficient income, higher symptom distress and less family social support have a greater risk of psychosocial maladjustment. Medical professionals may use these variables to identify higher risk groups for early intensive intervention.