Levels Of Psychological Burden Research Articles

The impact of potentially morally injurious experience of betrayal on PTSD and depression following the October 7th terror attack

With about 1200 individuals murdered, the massacre of October 7th was one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in modern history. The mental health consequences of terrorist attacks have been documented. However, little is known of the impact of the potentially morally injurious experience (PMIE) of betrayal––in which individuals feel betrayed by leaders they once trusted––on levels of psychological burden in the aftermath of such an attack. In this national prospective cohort study, we examined to what extent the PMIE of betrayal exacerbates the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in the wake of the October 7th terrorist attack. A representative sample of 710 Israeli adults (362 female, 51.1%), Jews (557, 79.9%) and Arabs (153, 20.1%), aged 18–85 (M = 41.01, SD = 13.72) completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, and PMIE-betrayal at two timepoints: T1, in August 2023 (6–7 weeks before the attack) and T2, in November 2023 (5–6 weeks after the attack). In two hierarchical logistic regressions, we found that experience of PMIE-betrayal predicted diagnoses of both PTSD (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.26–2.92) and depression (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.37–3.01) at T2, beyond probable PTSD/depression at T1 and demographic and trauma-related variables. Moreover, in two repeated-measure analyses predicting PTSD/depression symptoms, we found significant interactions between PTSD/depression trajectories and PMIE-betrayal, meaning that the increase of PTSD/depression symptoms was significantly higher among participants experiencing betrayal in the context of the attack. Our study highlights the impact of PMIE of betrayal on the dramatic increase in psychopathology following the October 7th terror attack on Israel’s population. Clinicians treating individuals coping with PTSD and depression should attend to their patients’ possible exposure to betrayal following the attack. Moreover, national leaders and policymakers should take significant steps to repair the public’s betrayal experience.

Role of Demographic Characteristics in predicting Psychological Burden and Marital Satisfaction among Diabetic Patients

The study was conducted to predict the relationship of psychological burden and marital satisfaction among patients of diabetic mellitus with role of demographic variables. Sample size was 150 diagnosed diabetic patients in which 75 married males and 75 were married females. Sample was approached through purposive sampling technique. All diabetic patients were selected from public hospitals and private clinics of Multan Division, Pakistan. The Nishter Hospital Multan, Combined Military Hospital Multan and City Hospital Multan and it was focused to their gender, age, education, type of disease, working status and socio-economic condition. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond, 1995) and Index of Marital Satisfaction (Hudson, 1981) were used as a research instrument to collect the data. Data were analyzed on SPSS. Findings of the study reveal that there is negative correlation between psychological burden and marital satisfaction. Moreover, depression, anxiety and stress are the significant negative predictors of marital satisfaction. Results suggest that level of psychological burden was reported higher among female patients than male. Mean score of marital satisfaction was greater among male as compared to female patients. Furthermore, there was significant mean score difference on PB between educated and uneducated patients. Patients with type 2 have greater level of psychological burden as compared to type 1 diabetes. Level of psychological burden was greater in those patients who have above than 3 children as compared to those who have 1-3 children. Difference is significant between working and non-working diabetic patients on psychological burden. Results suggest that there is no significant mean score difference of marital status with respect to education, type of diabetes, family size, and working status. There was no significant difference of PB and MS with respect to socio-economic status. Role of demographic characteristics of the participants is significant in predicting psychological burden among them.

Longitudinal follow-up of a novel classification system for irritable bowel syndrome: natural history and prognostic value.

Conventionally, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is subgrouped using predominant stool form, yet it is a complex disorder, with multiple biopsychosocial contributors. We previously derived and validated a latent class model subgrouping people with IBS into seven clusters based on gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms and psychological profile. To conduct longitudinal follow-up examining the natural history and prognostic value of these clusters. Participants completed a 12-month follow-up questionnaire. We applied our model to these data, comparing cluster membership between the two time points in those still meeting Rome IV criteria at follow-up, including stratifying the analysis by predominant stool pattern, and level of psychological burden, at baseline. We examined whether baseline cluster predicted the course of IBS, and whether starting new treatment was associated with changing cluster. Eight hundred and eleven participants met Rome IV criteria for IBS at baseline, of whom 452 (55.7%) responded, and 319 (70.6%) still met Rome IV criteria for IBS at follow-up. Of these, 172 (53.9%) remained in the same IBS cluster as at baseline and 147 changed cluster. Cluster membership stratified according to psychological comorbidity was more stable; 84% of those in a cluster with high psychological burden at baseline remained in such a cluster at follow-up. People in clusters with high psychological burden at baseline had more severe symptoms (P<0.001), received a higher mean number of subsequent treatments (P<0.001), and were more likely to consult a doctor than people in clusters with low psychological burden (P<0.001). There was no significant association between starting a new treatment and changing cluster at follow-up. Longitudinal follow-up demonstrated little transition between clusters with respect to psychological burden, and these appeared to predict disease course. Directing treatment according to cluster, including earlier use of psychological therapies, and exploring how this approach influences outcomes in IBS, should be examined.

Psychological Burden of Caregivers of Children with Cancer at AL-Amal Hospital in Baghdad City

Objectives: To assess psychological burden of care givers of child with cancer at Al-Amal Hospital inBaghdad City.Method: Descriptive study conducted among 50 caregivers, they are using self-administration method toanswer the psychological burden items. The data collection started from October 7th 2019 to March, 9st2020 at Al-Amal Hospital in Baghdad city.Results: 50% of caregivers had moderate level of psychological burden and 44% had severe level ofpsychological burden. The grand mean was (2.21) at moderate level of assessment. There is no significantrelationship between the caregivers psychological burden and their general information at P-value 0.05.Conclusion: the care giver had moderate to severe psychological burden due to caring child with cancer.They are need for psychological support.

Psychological Burden of Caregivers of Children with Cancer at AL-Amal Hospital in Baghdad City

Objectives: To assess psychological burden of care givers of child with cancer at Al-Amal Hospital inBaghdad CityMethod: Descriptive study conducted among 50 caregivers, they are using self-administration method toanswer the psychological burden items. The data collection started from October 7th 2019 to March, 9st2020 at Al-Amal Hospital in Baghdad city.Results: 50% of caregivers had moderate level of psychological burden and 44% had severe level ofpsychological burden. The grand mean was (2.21) at moderate level of assessment. There is no significantrelationship between the caregivers psychological burden and their general information at P-value 0.05.Conclusion: The care giver had moderate to severe psychological burden due to caring child with cancer.They are need for psychological support.

Doctor's recommendations for psychosocial care: Frequency and predictors of recommendations and referrals.

BackgroundA significant number of oncological patients are heavily burdened by psychosocial stress. Doctors recommending or referring their patients to psycho-oncologists in the course of routine consultations can positively influence psycho-oncological care. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and predictors of such recommendations and to examine the use of these services by patients.Methods4,020 cancer patients (mean age 58 years; 51% women) were evaluated in a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Germany. Data was gathered about doctors’ referral practices, patients’ utilization of psycho-oncological care services, and disease-related symptoms. The PHQ-9 depression scale and the GAD-7 anxiety scale were used to measure psychological burden. Descriptive data analysis was conducted on the basis of subgroup comparisons and multivariable analysis was done using binary logistical regression.Results21.9% of the respondents reported having been given a recommendation or referral for psycho-oncological care by a doctor within the course of their cancer diagnosis and treatment. This comprises 29.5% of the patients identified by screening as being psychologically burdened. Nearly half of the patients who received a recommendation or referral (49.8%) acted on it. Predictors for seeking out psycho-oncological care included: patient desire (OR = 2.0), previous experience with psycho-oncological care (OR = 1.59), and female gender (OR = 1.57). Multivariable analysis indicated that patients’ level of psychological burden (depression, anxiety) had no effect on whether doctors gave them a recommendation or referral.ConclusionsAlong with examining the degree to which patients are burdened (e.g. using screening instruments), determining whether or not patients would like to receive psycho-oncological care is an important aspect of improving referral practices and, by extension, will allow important progress in the field of psycho-oncological care to be made.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among some elderly caregivers in Alexandria city, Egypt

Background: Caregiving is extremely stressful task. Thus, Caregivers are sometimes at greater health risk than the care receivers, tend to develop negative health behaviors, and suffer from physical and psychological disorders. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess depression, anxiety, and stress among elderly caregivers in Alexandria and to compare psychological impact on formal against informal elderly caregivers. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 276 formal caregivers working at 12 elders’ care institutions and 183 randomly selected informal elderly caregivers in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. An interview anonymous questionnaire was utilized to collect data from caregivers about personal characteristics, occupational history, and psychological condition using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) to detect depression, anxiety, and stress among them. Results: The results revealed that higher percentage of the studied formal caregivers experienced depression (45.7%) and anxiety (46.7%) as compared to the informal group (33.9% for both). Meanwhile, the majority of the informal caregivers (75.4%) suffered from stress compared to 48.9% of the formal caregivers, (P < 0.0001). Totally, the informal group experienced higher levels of psychological burden (P = 0.029). Receiving unsatisfactory income and serving elders suffering from Alzheimer and/or dementia were the predictors for a higher DASS score among formal caregivers. Meanwhile, the predictors among the informal caregivers were being a female of younger age and caring for a higher number of elders. Conclusion: The study revealed that caregiving has a negative psychological impact on both formal and informal caregivers with statistically significantly higher level on informal ones.