Levels Of Psychological Adjustment Research Articles

The Relationship between Willingness to Communicate in English and Psychological Adjustment of Iraqi EFL Learners

The current research aims to examine the willingness to communicate and psychological adjustment of Iraqi EFL undergraduate students. To achieve the main aim, a sample of 100 male and female Iraqis’ undergraduate students studying English as a foreign language was chosen randomly from two different public colleges in Baghdad city for the academic year 2023-2024. Two scales have five Likert alternatives of 17 and 16 items developed by McCroskey & Richmond (1990) and Wais (2010), respectively were administered to the research sample to collect the needed data. The results revealed that Iraqi EFL undergraduate students have a willingness to communicate in the English language. Iraqi EFL undergraduate students have a good level of psychological adjustment. There is no statistically significant difference in the willingness to communicate between male and female students. There is no significant difference in psychological adjustment between male and female students, as for students’ willingness to communicate and psychological adjustment relationship, a positive correlation is proved. It implies that the more psychological adjustment a student experiences in the learning environment, the more students have a willingness to communicate in the English language. The researcher recommended creating a very encouraging educational environment would motivate language learners to communicate more.

Discrepancies in perceived family resilience between adolescents with chronic illness and parents: using response surface analysis to examine the relationship with adolescents’ psychological adjustment

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore discrepancies in adolescents with chronic illness and their parents’ perceptions of family resilience, as well as the relationship between these differences and the psychological adjustment of adolescents with chronic illness.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 264 dyads of parents (77.7% mothers, mean age 41.60 years, SD = 6.17) and adolescents (48.5% girls, mean age 12.68 years, SD = 2.11) with chronic illness were recruited through convenience sampling from three children’s hospitals in Wenzhou, Hangzhou, and Shanghai, China between June 2022 and May 2023. The Chinese version of the Family Resilience Scale and the Psychological Adjustment Scale, which are commonly used measures with good reliability and validity, were employed to assess family resilience and psychological adaption, respectively. The data were analyzed using polynomial regression and response surface analysis.ResultsAdolescents with chronic illness reported higher family resilience than their parents (t=-2.80, p < 0.05). The correlations between family resilience and adolescents’ psychological adjustment reported by the adolescents (r = 0.45–0.48) were higher than parents (r = 0.18–0.23). In the line of congruence, there were positive linear (a1 = 1.09–1.60, p < 0.001) and curvilinear (a2=-1.38∼-0.72, p < 0.05) associations between convergent family resilience and adolescents’ psychological adjustment. In the line of incongruence, when adolescents reported lower family resilience than parents, adolescents had a lower level of psychological adjustment (a3=-1.02∼-0.45, p < 0.05). Adolescents’ sociability decreased when the perceived family resilience of parent-adolescent dyads converged (a4 = 1.36, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings highlighted the importance of considering the discrepancies and congruence of family resilience in the parent-child dyads when developing interventions to improve the psychological adjustment of adolescents with chronic illness. Interventions aimed at strengthening family communication to foster the convergence of perceptions of family resilience in parent-adolescent dyads were warranted.

The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Psychoanalytic Theory in Developing Psychological Adjustment among Students with Motor Disabilities at Al-Balqa Applied University

This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychoanalytic theory-based training program in enhancing psychological adjustment among students with motor disabilities at Al-Balqa Applied University. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with 33 participants (male and female) from various faculties. A newly developed, 25-item psychological adjustment scale assessed five key dimensions. The program's impact was evaluated through pre- and post-application assessments in both the experimental and control groups. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in psychological adjustment within the experimental group (pre- vs. post-application). Additionally, significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups in the post-application assessment, with the latter demonstrating higher levels of psychological adjustment. These findings suggest that the training program based on psychoanalytic theory may be beneficial for promoting psychological well-being among students with motor disabilities.

Cognitive flexibility and socioemotional competences as a modulating factor of psychopathological symptoms in adolescence

BackgroundThe deficit in socio-emotional competence can lead to the development of problems in different areas such as educational and psychosocial (Fernández-Vilar et al., 2012), to understand the etiology of psychopathology, it is necessary to explore the nature and origin of competencies (Mcfall, 1982). The objective of this study is to evaluate the Cognitive Flexibility (FC) that reveals the functioning of the internal devices of these schemes, and thus access the quality of problem behavior MethodThe sample n = 425 participants, grade 6 to 11 of high school. Being 193 (45.4 %) males, 232 females (54.6 %); aged between 13 and 18 years old. Two scales were used: EEFCO (Evaluation of Cognitive Flexibility Scale); Alpha α = 0.565 - 0, 886 and the ECSE scale with α = 0.895. ResultsCorrelation coefficients yielded significance rho = (0.41) between the Cognitive Flexibility (FC) and Socio-emotional Competencies (SEC) scales, being a predictive element of the tendencies and inclinations of psychopathological traits. ConclusionsSuch estimation explains that the index of Cognitive Flexibility, associated with SEC, allows asses the level of psychological adjustment and cognitive styles in the adolescent; this suggests examining the compensation mechanisms, in the face of new socio-affective learning, in adolescence.

The Role of Cultural Intelligence as a Mediating Variable in the Relationship between Psychological Adjustment and Academic Adaptation among the Students of Mu'tah University

This study aimed at identifying the level of psychological adjustment, academic adaptation and cultural intelligence among the students of Mu'tah university, identifying the impact of the variables of (gender, faculty) on the cultural intelligence, psychological adjustment and academic adaptation, as well as identifying the role of cultural intelligence as a mediating variable in the relationship between psychological adjustment and academic adaptation among the students of Mu'tah university. In order to achieve the study objectives, three scales were used: the scale of cultural intelligence, the scale of psychological adjustment and the scale of academic adaptation; their validity and reliability were verified. The study sample consisted of (295) male and female students. The results revealed that the level of cultural intelligence, psychological adjustment and academic adaptation was medium. The results revealed that there was a relationship for cultural intelligence as a mediating variable between psychological adjustment and academic adjustment. The results showed that both psychological adjustment and cultural intelligence accounted for (32%) of academic adjustment. The results also revealed that there was no statistically significant impact for the variables of (gender, faculty) on the level of cultural intelligence, psychological adjustment and academic adaptation among the students of Mu'tah university.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT AND RELATED FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTOMY

Background: Ostomy has become a common therapy for treating gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer. Patients with ostomy experience many problems including appearance change, uncontrolled discharge and odour, sexual dysfunction, decreased social functioning, and difficulties taking care of themselves. Because of these problems, many patients with ostomies feel anxious, unconfident and afraid to participate in social activities. However, previous studies investigating psychological adjustment in patients with ostomies are scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to survey the level of psychological adjustment and to determine factors associated with the level of psychological adjustment in patients with ostomies. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 patients with ostomies at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. The Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23) scale was used to interview patients. Results: 61% of patients were male; the mean age of patients was 59.2 ± 14.3 years old, the majority of the Kinh ethnic group (96.1%); 50.6% of participants had a secondary or high school level and 43% of patients had a permanent ostomy. The psychological adjustment score was 40.4 ± 9.8 with 52% of patients assigned to a moderate level of psychological adjustment and 48% assigned to a low level of psychological adjustment. There was a relationship between psychological adjustment and gender (p=0.0001), duration of ostomy (p=0.003) and complication (p&lt;0.001). Patients who received all support related to ostomy care had a higher level of psychological adjustment (p=0.0004). There were no significant differences in psychological adjustment scores among patients with different age groups, residences, ethnicities, marital statuses, education levels, economic statuses, type of surgery, and comorbidities. Conclusions: Patients with ostomy had a moderate level of psychological adjustment. The results indicated a need for supporting programs for patients with ostomies so that they can have better mental health. This can help patients to have optimal treatment and quality of life.

Teacher sentiments about physical appearance and risk of bullying victimization: the mediating role of quality of student–teacher relationships and psychological adjustment

IntroductionThis study investigated the relationship between teachers’ sentiments about physical appearance, student–teacher relationships, psychological adjustment, and the risk of becoming a victim of bullying.MethodParticipants consisted of 995 students (471 females, 47.3%; Mage = 11.3, SDage = 1.49) and 64 teachers (56 females, 87.5%; Mage = 47.59). Students reported their levels of psychological adjustment and their involvement with bullying victimization, while teachers rated relationship quality with their students and reported their sentiments about students’ physical appearance. Teachers’ sentiments about physical appearance were analyzed using the NRC Emotion Lexicon. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted with Mplus, using a multicategorical antecedent.ResultsResults indicate that teachers’ positive ratings of students’ physical appearance were correlated with close teacher–student relationships, less conflictual relationships, whereas negative ratings were correlated with more conflictual student–teacher relationships and increased bullying victimization risk. Psychological adjustment mediated the relationship, with positive adjustment associated with closer relationships and negative adjustment associated with more conflict.DiscussionThis study suggests the importance of teachers’ sentiments about students’ physical appearance. Positive sentiments promote supportive relationships and reduce the risk of bullying victimization, while negative sentiments erano correlate ad una relazione studente-insegnante netagativa and increased risk of bullying victimization. Promoting positive interactions between teachers and students and addressing appearance biases are critical to creating inclusive educational environments. Further research should focus on understanding and examining the impact of teacher attitudes on student well-being and bullying dynamics.

Social media use for coping with stress and psychological adjustment: A transactional model of stress and coping perspective.

The psychological well-being of individuals has become an essential issue during the global pandemic. As a pervasive activity for individuals to pull through COVID-19, social media use may play a role in psychological well-being. Drawing on the transactional model of stress and coping, the current study investigated the relationships between COVID-19-related stressors and the use of social media to facilitate specific coping strategies. We further investigated how social media coping strategies impact users' psychological adjustment. We collected the data from 641 quarantined residents through a two-wave survey that was conducted in two cities in China during government-mandated lockdowns. The results showed that perceived COVID-19 stress was related to the intensity of social media use for problem-focused coping, socioemotional coping, and mental disengagement. In addition, individuals' psychological adjustment was positively associated with social media use for socioemotional coping and mental disengagement while negatively related to problem-focused coping. Age was also found to be a moderator of the relationship between socioemotional coping and psychological adjustment. To relieve pandemic-related stress, individuals can actively utilize social media to implement various coping strategies. However, coping activities with social media may not always induce psychological benefits. By revealing the different levels of psychological adjustment among social media users with specific coping strategies, the current research enriched the literature on the effects of social media use on mental health. Findings from this study suggest the need for the prudent use of social media to cope with public health crises.

OXYGEN EXERCISES AND THEIR EFFECT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY، SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS, CONCENTRATION OF BETA-ENDORPHINS AND BASIC SKILLS OF AL-KARKH JUNIOR BASKETBALL TEAM PLAYERS

Identified the research problem stating that the oxygen exercises prepared by the two researchers have an effect on improving psychological compatibility, functional and chemical indicators, and basic basketball skills for young players? Through it, the researcher set the objectives of this study in terms of first: identifying the tribal and dimensional differences between the level of psychological adjustment، oxygen susceptibility, functional indicators، beta-endorphin and basic skills in basketball for the junior category for the experimental and control samples, and secondly: identifying the dimensional differences in psychological adjustment, oxygen susceptibility, functional indicators and beta-endorphin And the basic skills of basketball for the junior category between the experimental and control samples, using the statistical methods of the program spss shows the result of the first goal. It appeared that the level of statistical significance for all variables is less than (0.05), which indicates that there are significant differences between the results of these pre and post tests and in favor of the post tests. As for the result of the second goal, it also appears that its level of statistical significance is smaller from (0.05), which indicates that there are significant differences between the results of these pre and post tests in the previous tests and in favor of the post tests.

THE LEVEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOME VARIABLES AMONG A SAMPLE OF MEDICAL PREPARATION STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISURATA

The research aims to identify the level of psychological adjustment and its relationship to some variables among a sample of medical preparation students at the University of Misurata, as well as to identify the differences in the level of psychological adjustment according to the gender variable and the college variable. The research sample consisted of (109) male and female students, a simple random sample of students was selected And students of the faculties of (human medicine, oral and dental medicine and surgery, pharmacy) in the city of Misurata, the two researchers used the descriptive-comparative approach, as well as applying the psychological compatibility scale for (Ferjani, Yasmine Mukhtar, 2021), consisting of (30) items.The results of the research concluded that the level of psychological adjustment among college students in the research sample came to a large degree, with a relative weight (92%), and the family adjustment came at the forefront of the dimensions of psychological adjustment to a large degree, followed by personal adjustment, which came in the second place with a medium degree, and with a relative weight (80.5). %). And in the third place came the academic compatibility with a medium degree and a relative weight of (72.25%). The results also showed that there are no differences in the level of psychological adjustment among university students due to the gender variable, while there are statistically significant differences in the level of academic adjustment among university students due to the gender variable, in favor of males. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of feeling of personal and family adjustment among university students due to the gender variable.There are also no differences in the level of psychological adjustment among university students due to the college variable. While there are statistically significant differences in the level of academic adjustment, while there are no differences in the level of sense of personal adjustment and family adjustment among university students due to the college variable.

Patterns of Sexual Well-Being in Mexican Adolescents and Associations with Psychological Adjustment: A Latent Profile Analysis Approach

ABSTRACT We examined Mexican adolescent sexual well-being tasks, defined as the positive cognitive and emotional evaluations of one’s sexuality. We assessed three dimensions: acceptance of sexual desire, sexual decision-making involving mutual consent, and, when sexually active, the practice of safe sex. We utilized a person-centered approach to examine how patterns marked by different aspects of sexual well-being predict psychological adjustment. Participants were 1123 Mexican high or middle school (72%) students (54% girls; Mage = 15.1, SD = 1.52). We found a 6-profile model: 1) Average Sexual Health (40%); 2) High Protective Low Acceptance (20%); 3) Multidimensional Healthy (19%); 4) Multidimensional Risky (11%); 5) High Acceptance Low Contraception and Consent (6%); and 6) High Consent Low Contraception (4%). These profiles included some adolescents who experienced both low and high sexual scores on different sexual well-being indicators. For example, adolescents who belonged to the High Protective, Low Acceptance profile understood the importance of safe sex and mutual consent; but still felt sexual guilt. Profile membership was associated with gender, religion, age, and sexual experience. Adolescents in classes marked by high levels of well-being reported high levels of psychological adjustment. Findings may help educators develop more targeted sexual risk and violence prevention programs.

Psychological adjustment mediating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality features among Chinese early adolescents

BackgroundA strong link between childhood maltreatment (CM) and borderline personality features (BPF) has been consistently demonstrated. However, little is known about the role of psychological adjustment (PA) as a mediator of this relationship. The purpose of the study was to explore the mediating role of PA in the CM-BPF linkage in a large sample of early adolescents. MethodsA total of 5724 students (mean age = 13.5, SD = 1.0) were recruited from three middle schools by using the multistage random cluster sampling method in Anhui Province, China. Participants were required to complete self-report questionnaires regarding CM experience, self-perceived PA and BPF. Mediation analyses were computed via structural equation modelling. ResultsCM victimization was positively associated with BPF, and individuals with lower levels of PA were more likely to present with BPF. Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of CM on BPF via PA (effect = 0.047, 95 % CI: 0.035, 0.058). LimitationThe cross-sectional design of this study did not allow testing causality. The retrospective investigation of CM history could cause recall bias. ConclusionsPA partially mediates the relationship between CM and BPF. These findings have important implications for considering PA as a protective factor in this relationship.

Parental styles and their relationship to psychological adjustment among preparatory students

The current study aims to assess the patterns of parental style among adolescent students and assess the level of psychological adjustment among adolescent students to find out the significant relationship between parental style and psychological adjustment among adolescent students. A descriptive correlational design has been used in the present study using a simple random sample to select (381) students by using the self-report to select the students who will be recruited into the study. The result of the present study was showed that there are significant negative relationships between punitive and love withdrawal parental style, and psychological adjustment, in contrast, there is a positive relationship between indicative parental style and psychological adjustment among secondary and preparatory school students. We found also that more than half of the sample (52%) with moderate psychological adjustment and (45%) with good psychological adjustment, addition to (3%) with poor psychological adjustment.

Level of Psychological Adjustment and Intolerance Uncertainty among Heart Surgery Patients

To perceive the association among psychological adjustment and intolerance uncertainty among heart surgery patients, the present research was conducted. On the basis of purposive sampling method, a sample of 100 was chosen. These patients of BVH, completed the questionnaire forms. From BVH, the sample was purposively selected. By enumerating the percentages, the gathered data was examined and the interpretation was obtained on the base of findings of each type of questionnaire. For examining the data, descriptive statistics, correlation; SPSS was used. On the basis of findings and conclusion, the endorsement was drawn. Among researchers, psychological adjustment is increasingly getting popular as for analyzing behavior, conflicts, obstacles and misrepresenting varied social involvements that pupil go through as executive at workplaces and intolerance uncertainty investigation cogitative, profundity of future uncertainty as intimidating about their disease. Furthermore, there was a pessimistic association among psychological adjustment and intolerance uncertainty.

Personality Traits, Cognitive Styles, Coping Strategies, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Healthy Youngsters.

The objective of the present study was to explore possible changes in the psychological wellbeing of young healthy students during the initial 14 days of the COVID-19 general lockdown that occurred in March of 2020, and if there was any relation with specific personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism, and extraversion), cognitive styles (internal and external locus of control and intolerance of uncertainty), and coping strategies. One hundred twenty-two university students aged from 18 to 29 years participated in the study. The dispositional factors were assessed at the beginning of the study, while measures of psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, and self-perceived health) were taken in three different assessment stages, employing validated questionnaires and scales. Anxiety and depression scores significantly increased after one week of lockdown, reaching a plateau pattern by the second week. The levels of self-perceived mental health, vitality, and quality of life showed a pattern of sustained progressive decrease, with a more acute lessening during the first week. Neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative autofocus were associated to worse levels of psychological adjustment. These individual differences might be taken into consideration when designing prevention programs aiming to dampen the psychological impact of a general lockdown in healthy population.

Students’ Psychological Adjustment and Perceived Mental Healthcare Needs During Pandemic Covid-19

This study explores the level of psychological adjustment and perceived mental healthcare needs among university students in Malaysia. A quantitative method was adopted in this study and responses from 250 university students in Malaysia. This result shows most of the students’ psychological adjustment were good however, the students still need mental healthcare from counselor. This study adopt a cross-sectional research design and longitudinal research design should be done for a better result. This empirical study attempts to enrich the understanding of the psychological adjustment and perceived mental healthcare needs among university students during pandemic covid 19 within Malaysian context.

Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Psychological Adjustment to Limb Loss: A Case Study of Acquired Limb Amputation

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; OBJECTIVES:&#x0D; To examine the psychological issues following acquired limb amputation and examine the significance of positive self-esteem in the psychological adjustment of amputation.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY:&#x0D; This case study was conducted in the surgical and orthopedic units of different government and private hospitals of Peshawar district. The study includes a sample of 100 acquired limb amputees,both adult males and females admitted in different hospitals of Peshawar. Patients with congenital limb loss or with preexisting psychological issues were excluded from the study. Psychological adjustment scale developed by Sabir (1999) and Self-Esteem scale developed by Rifai’s (1999) was used to determine the amputee’s level of psychological adjustment and self-esteem.&#x0D; RESULTS:&#x0D; Results revealed that amputation leads to number of psychological issues. It was found that males had lowered self-esteem and severe adjustment issues then females while young amputees exhibit greater signs of maladjustment as compared to older amputees. Regression analysis for selfesteem predicting psychological adjustment also displayed pronounced differences in the level of psychological adjustment due changing level of self-esteem. The model suggested a strong positive relation between self-esteem and psychological adjustment (r=0.880, B=0.867, t=18.37, p&lt;.001) and 77.5% of the variance in the dependent variable (psychological adjustment) was caused by predictor variable i.e. self-esteem (R2=0.775, F (98)=337.6, p&lt;.001).&#x0D; CONCLUSION:&#x0D; Amputation badly disturbs the psychological state of an amputee and an amputee’s self-esteem is an important coping tool and has a direct relation with better psychological adjustment to limb loss.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Assessing Maladaptive Personality in the Forensic Context: Development and Validation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Forensic Faceted Brief Form (PID-5-FFBF)

The current study proposes an adaptation of the PID-5 to assesses maladaptive personal traits in forensic settings. Specifically, we adapted the item set of the PID-5 Faceted Brief Form (PID-5-FBF) to the forensic context and validated the resulting PID-5 Forensic Faceted Brief Form (PID-5-FFBF) using self- and informant-reports of 199 male prisoners. Exploratory factor analyses suggested a four-factor solution comprising Antagonism, Detachment, Disinhibited Aggression, and Insecurity. Antagonism and Detachment were very similar to the domains with the same name from the five-factor solution of the PID-5. Insecurity conceptually resembled Negative Affectivity. Disinhibited Aggression represented a forensically highly relevant composition of Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Negative Affectivity. We report results for this four- and the canonical five-factor solution throughout the manuscript. The PID-5-FFBF domains showed convergent associations with the corresponding Big Five personality traits. Furthermore, the PID-5-FFBF domains were differentially correlated with indicators of psychological adjustment and forensically relevant outcomes such as institutional misbehavior and risk for reoffending. In particular, Insecurity was associated with lower levels of psychological adjustment, while Antagonism and Disinhibited Aggression were associated with higher levels of institutional misbehavior and risk for reoffending. These findings provide initial evidence for the validity and utility of the PID-5-FFBF in forensic settings.

International Students’ Cross-Cultural Adjustment: Social Selection or Social Influence?

International education provides students with an opportunity to develop new social networks while they fit in to the new culture. In a three-wave longitudinal study, we investigated how social networks and psychological adjustment coevolve within a group of international students enrolled in a coursework degree at the tertiary level. Using the Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model (SAOM), we identified the occurrences of social selection based on the levels of psychological and sociocultural adjustment. More specifically, students tended to deselect classmates who were dissimilar in their level of psychological adjustment and to befriend those who differed in their levels of sociocultural adjustment. In contrast, little evidence was found to suggest that features of social networks influenced students’ adjustment. Potential applications of this new method to future acculturation research are suggested.

Typology of Young Korean Adults’ Relationships with their Parents from an Intergenerational Solidarity Lens

The literature on parent-child relationships in young adulthood lacks a systemic approach that considers the multifaceted nature of intergenerational relationships. In this paper, we identify the latent profiles of young Korean adults’ relationships with their parents based on the six dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (structural, associational, affectual, consensual, functional, and normative solidarity) as indicators. We considered solidarity for the mother and the father separately for structural, associational, affectual, and consensual dimensions. In terms of functional and normative solidarity, we measured both upstream and downstream intergenerational support. The sample included 1,015 young adults who were 19-34 years old, never married, not in secondary school, and had both parents living. The latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: (a) independent but intimate (22.7%), (b) coresident, outwardly intimate (32.4%), (c) detached from father (6.7%), and (d) coresident, intimate (38.2%). The factors that predicted each profile included the young adults’ education, income, subjective socioeconomic status, and experiencing the features of emerging adulthood along with the parents’ marital status, father’s employment, and overparenting. The “coresident, intimate” group reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms compared to the other three groups. The lowest levels of psychological adjustment were found in the “coresident, outwardly intimate” group and “detached from father” group.