Practical Level Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers towards healthcare- associated infections in Jimma University Medical Center, southwestern Ethiopia: using structural equation model

BackgroundHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a common challenge faced in healthcare facilities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among healthcare personnel regarding HCAI prevention and identifying the relevant factors is important for handling and controlling these infections. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the direct and indirect effects of knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) towards HCAIs prevention in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC).MethodAn institutional cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2022. A total of 262 was sampled from 1354 health professionals working in JUMC using the population proportion stratified random sampling method. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify the direct and indirect effects of KAP of HCWs on HCAIs.ResultsOf the 262 participants, 55% (n = 144) were nurses and 52.7% were female. The study found that HCW occupational skills (os) had a direct effect on knowledge (k) and attitudes (a) in preventing HCAIs (βos→k = 1.43, Pos→k = 0.004, and βos→a = 0.65, Pos→a = 0.004). HCWs’ practice on HCAIs had an effect (βos→p = -0.79; Pos→p = 0.004). HCWs’ attitudes toward HCAI preventive practice (p) and knowledge had an effect, p-values Pa→p = .002 and Pa→k = .003, respectively. Indirect effects revealed that HCWs’ attitudes towards preventing HCAIs through practice had an impact (γa→k = .426, Pa→k = .003). HCWs’ occupational skills and attitudes towards preventing HCAIs had an effect (γos→p = .523, Pos→p = .002).ConclusionThe finding indicated that attitude and occupational skills can be improved through practice which finally brings a significant improvement in the knowledge of HCWs about HCAIs prevention. Besides, there were direct effects of occupational skills on the practices of HCAIs prevention. This highlights ongoing training and mentoring of HCWs during practice is essential to enhance HCAIs prevention.

Revisiting cumulative harm: Reflecting on new research insights, legislative developments and coronial evidence as a road map for next steps

In 2018, I penned an analysis of national and international approaches to cumulative harm in a child protection context, published in Children Australia, that identified an evolution acknowledging the impact of all harm to children as detrimental. Through analysis of the available policies informing child protection in Australia, it was clear there was a shift towards a more holistic understanding of harm and the impacts of long-term maltreatment. However, a nationwide, collaborative level of consistent practice that placed cumulative harm and reoccurring maltreatment on an equal footing with episodic maltreatment, particularly in relation to notification and reporting, had not yet been achieved. This begs the question, what has occurred to address this need, this gap, and promote the acknowledgement of cumulative harm since 2018? In this paper, I revisit this important topic, reviewing recent scholarly works, legislative developments across Australian jurisdictions and evidence from a decade of coronial inquests into child deaths that provide powerful messages of guidance on responding to cumulative harm.

Comparative Effectiveness of Blended Teaching Models with Micro-Teaching Assistants in Clinical Pharmacokinetics Education

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micro-teaching assistants within a hybrid online-offline teaching framework in the context of clinical pharmacokinetics education.Material and Methods: A total of 320 clinical pharmacy students participated, with 143 students from earlier cohorts forming the control group and 177 students from the 2019 and 2020 batches comprising of the observation group. Traditional teaching methodologies instructed the control group, while the observation group benefited from a novel, blended teaching approach incorporating micro-teaching assistants. The evaluation criteria encompassed theoretical knowledge acquisition, practical skill development, pass rates, and score distribution.Results: This investigation into clinical pharmacokinetics education demonstrates the superiority of a blended teaching model, enhanced by micro-teaching assistants, over traditional methodologies. The observation group, utilizing this approach, displayed a significant 15% increase in theoretical knowledge scores, maintained high practical skill levels, alongside achieving a 94.9% pass rate, markedly surpassing the control group’s 91.6%. Feedback from students corroborated the model’s effectiveness, with satisfaction scores exceeding 4.8 out of 5; despite potential respondent bias. Notably, the application of micro-teaching assistants was most pronounced in Pharmacology, highlighting its value in teaching complex theoretical content, and advocating for expanded use in medical education.Conclusion: This study concludes that the integration of micro-teaching assistants into blended teaching strategies for clinical pharmacokinetics significantly improves educational outcomes. This approach not only facilitates a more effective learning environment but also underscores the potential of innovative pedagogical tools in enhancing student performance, and comprehension in complex subjects.

Experiences and Views of Older Adults of South Asian, Black African, and Caribbean Backgrounds About the Digitalization of Primary Care Services Since the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Focus Group Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022 prompted governments worldwide to enforce lockdowns and social restrictions, alongside the rapid adoption of digital health and care services. However, there are concerns about the potential exclusion of older adults, who face barriers to digital inclusion, such as age, socioeconomic status, literacy level, and ethnicity. This study aims to explore the experiences of older adults from the 3 largest minoritized ethnic groups in England and Wales-people of South Asian, Black African, and Caribbean backgrounds-in the use of digitalized primary care services since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 27 individuals participated in 4 focus groups (April and May 2023) either in person or via online videoconferencing. Patient and public involvement and engagement were sought through collaboration with community organizations for focus group recruitment and feedback on the topic guide. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. This paper summarizes the perspectives of 27 older adults from these 3 minoritized ethnic groups and identifies four key themes: (1) service accessibility through digital health (participants faced difficulties accessing digital health care services through online platforms, primarily due to language barriers and limited digital skills, with reliance on younger family members or community organizations for assistance; the lack of digital literacy among older community members was a prominent concern, and digital health care services were felt to be tailored for English speakers, with minimal consultation during the development phase), (2) importance of face-to-face (in-person) appointments for patient-clinician interactions (in-person appointments were strongly preferred, emphasizing the value of physical interaction and connection with health care professionals; video consultations were seen as an acceptable alternative), (3) stressors caused by the shift to remote access (the transition to remote digital access caused stress, fear, and anxiety; participants felt that digital health solutions were imposed without sufficient explanation or consent; and Black African and Caribbean participants reported experiences of racial discrimination within the health care system), and (4) digital solutions (evaluating technology acceptance; participants acknowledged the importance of digitalization but cautioned against viewing it as a one-size-fits-all solution; they advocated for offline alternatives and a hybrid approach, emphasizing the need for choice and a well-staffed clinical workforce). Digital health initiatives should address the digital divide, health inequalities, and the specific challenges faced by older adults, particularly those from minoritized ethnic backgrounds, ensuring accessibility, choice, and privacy. Overcoming language barriers involves more than mere translation. Maintaining in-person options for consultations, addressing sensitive issues, and implementing support systems at the practice level to support those struggling to access services are vital. This study recommends that policy makers ensure the inclusivity of older adults from diverse backgrounds in the design and implementation of digital health and social care services.

Cross-sectional observation of self-medication pattern among readymade garment workers in southern Bangladesh and their knowledge and practice towards antibiotic self-medication

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication practices and explore knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use among readymade garment (RMG) workers in Bangladesh.Study designThis large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among garment workers in three different garment factories in Chattogram, Bangladesh.MethodsData were collected from 1743 participants, using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed to examine sociodemographic factors, medication patterns, and antibiotic knowledge and practices among the workers.ResultsA significant proportion of the participants (42.4%) only had a primary level of education and majority (80.3%) were not engaged in lifestyle habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or chewing betel leaves (80.3%). Cough, cold, and fever were the most reported health complications (66.0%). Most of the participants obtained their medications from pharmacies (66.4%). Self-medication was reported by 93.4% of them, with 55.9% practiced it thinking the disease was not severe. Poor knowledge and practice levels about antibiotics were observed. Gender and educational background influenced the participants' knowledge, while the presence of common diseases affected the practice score.ConclusionThe study demonstrated a high prevalence of self-medication practices among garment workers in Bangladesh, particularly with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The findings suggest developing interventions to improve knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use and promote responsible self-medication practices among garment workers to mitigate potential risks and adverse effects.

Legal Regime Covering Mineral Resources Benefit Sharing in the International Seabed Area

This paper presents recommendations for developing a legal framework for sharing benefits derived from mineral resources in the international seabed area. Establishing a legal regime that encompasses benefit sharing is of paramount importance for promoting the principle of a common heritage of mankind, for narrowing the technological gap that exists between developing and developed countries in the field of deep-sea mining, for safeguarding the rights and interests of developing countries, and for advancing global development. However, the international seabed management system is confronted with considerable challenges, including uncertainty regarding its contribution and redistribution mechanisms, the criteria for equitable distribution, and the initial distribution mechanism. These challenges have the potential to undermine the principle of a common heritage of mankind. To address these issues, it is imperative that the International Seabed Authority establish a robust legal regime for benefit-sharing without delay. To this end, a comprehensive approach is required, encompassing theoretical, institutional, and practical considerations, with the aim of enhancing the legal system governing the international seabed area. From a theoretical standpoint, the primary challenge lies in striking a balance between private and public interests in the initial distribution of benefits and addressing any subsequent distributional imbalances. Furthermore, it is imperative to prioritize environmental protection and sustainable resource management in the international seabed area. At the practical level, criteria for equitable sharing should be established, the order of distribution of benefits should be clarified, and a common heritage fund should be established. At the institutional level, it is necessary to establish a system of information transparency, implement the principle of intergenerational equity, and establish a standardized mechanism for stakeholder consultation.

A novel single-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b method for rapid and visual detection of zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii in the environment

BackgroundToxoplasma gondii oocysts, excreted in cat feces, pose a significant health risk to humans through contaminated soil and water. Rapid and accurate detection of T. gondii in environmental samples is essential for public health protection.MethodsWe developed a novel, single-tube detection method that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12b system, and lateral flow immunoassay strips for rapid, visual identification of T. gondii. This method targets the T. gondii B1 gene, initially amplifies it with LAMP, directed by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). It then recognizes the amplified target gene and activates trans-cleavage, cutting nearby single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) reporters. Fluorescence detection was performed using a 6-Carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-12N-Black Hole Quencher-1 (BHQ1) reporter, while Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)-12N-Biotin enabled visual detection on lateral flow strips. The method was tested for its ability to detect various T. gondii genotypes and related parasites, assessing its specificity and broad-spectrum applicability. It was further applied to real-world environmental samples to evaluate its practicality.ResultsThe LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b method exhibited high specificity and broad-spectrum detection capability, successfully identifying nine T. gondii genotypes and distinguishing them from 11 other parasitic species. Sensitivity testing at both molecular (plasmid) and practical (oocyst) levels showed detection limits of 10 copies/μL and 0.1 oocyst, respectively. When applied to 112 environmental samples (soil, water, and cat feces), the method demonstrated 100% sensitivity, accurately reflecting known infection rates.ConclusionsThis LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b single-tube method offers a robust, innovative approach for monitoring zoonotic T. gondii in environmental samples, with significant implications for public health surveillance.Graphical

Influence of emergence delirium-related knowledge and nursing stress, practice, and confidence levels on the performance of recovery room nurses: A cross-sectional study.

In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between knowledge of emergence delirium (ED) and nursing stress, practice, confidence, and performance levels, as well as to identify factors influencing the performance of recovery room nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 135 recovery room nurses at a general hospital in South Korea. The nurses completed a questionnaire from April 12 to April 25, 2023. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine factors associated with nursing performance in relation to ED. Nursing performance showed a significant negative correlation with nursing stress levels and a moderate positive correlation with nursing practice and confidence levels. Furthermore, ED education, nursing practice, and nursing confidence are factors influencing nursing performance. To enhance the performance of recovery room nurses in caring for patients with ED, we recommend developing a tailored educational program that focuses on increasing both the confidence levels and practical skills of nurses, thereby meeting the specific needs of the patients.

Highly Durable Sn-Ni Alloy Anode Pretreated in Vinylene Carbonate-Containing Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Abstract Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are promising energy storage devices for electric vehicles because they rank between LIBs and EDLCs in terms of energy and power density. In a previous work, an LIC with a Sn-Ni alloy anode was proven to be superior in terms of energy and power density compared to that with a graphite anode. To improve the cycle durability at a practical level, the effect of vinylene carbonate (VC), which positively affects LIBs, was investigated. VC demonstrates a positive effect during the pre-treatment process, but also a negative effect during charge-discharge cycling. The difference between these effects is discussed in terms of the potential and morphology changes of the anode, revealing that the VC forms a polymer-like solid electrolyte interphase during the pre-treatment process, suppressing the deactivation of Sn caused by crack growth and peeling off during charge-discharge cycling. In contrast, VC continuously decomposes during charge-discharge cycling while consuming pre-treated lithium. Finally, an excellent cycle durability (10,000 cycles with a capacity retention of 72.3%) is here demonstrated for the first time for the LIC with a high volumetric energy density of 38.9 Wh/L at 120 W/L.

Tourism for Economic Prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal

Tourism is a multidimensional mega industry interconnected with hospitality services and facilities. It generates assorted business connectivity with transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, nature, culture and adventure business and facilities. Obviously, tourism has some significant implications over the local economy at community as well as destination level. However, the variance of tourism impacts on various districts and provinces of Nepal mainly depends on the availability and abundance of tourism products, activities and the level of hospitality practices of the destinations. This study, therefore, is an attempt to analyze the potentiality of tourism as an opportunity for economic prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal based on the economic contributions of major tourism components of the province. The trend of visitors’ flow, people’s involvement in tourism as entrepreneurs, volume of revenue generation and the number of employment creation are major variants of analysis for this paper. The paper is based on qual-quan method of analysis with partial use of secondary date published from tourism related authorities and organizations whereas a focus group discussion of the leaders of tourism entrepreneurs’ associations and the representations of concerned authorities is the major source of primary information. The study has come up with the finding that there is a huge potentiality of tourism development and an ample opportunity for economic prosperity via tourism in Gandaki province and hence suggested to incorporate tourism in the plans and policies of the province as a crux of development mainly through the involvement of local community, enhancement of village tourism and promotion of adventure tourism activities and products in the province.

Level of Essential Best Practices and the Implementation of Inclusive Education among Regular Elementary Teachers

The study aimed to investigate the level of essential best practices and the implementation of inclusive education among regular elementary teachers in identified schools in the five districts of the Division of Capiz for the school year 2020-2021. The quantitative technique was employed, and convenient random sampling was used to determine 50 respondents. An adapted research survey questionnaire was used to gather data. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and correlation coefficient were used. The findings revealed that the participants perceived themselves as having a "moderate" level of essential best practices of inclusive education and having a "moderate" implementation of inclusive education. Furthermore, results revealed no significant relationship between the level of essential best practices in inclusive education and its profile as to age and gender, teaching position, number of years in service, number of LSENs in class, and number of special/inclusive education trainings attended. There was no significant relationship between implementation of inclusive education as to age and gender, number of years in service, number of LSENs in class, number of special/inclusive education training attended, and number of hours in special/inclusive education training attended. It is concluded that essential best practices of inclusive education have influenced inclusive school practice. To address the issue, an action plan was formulated for implementation.

Research on the Rules of Right Restriction under the Protection Regulations for New Varieties of Plants: Taking Farmers' Own Seed Saving as an Example

The protection of intellectual property for the new varieties of plants aligns with the needs of contemporary development, yet it also creates conflicts with the traditional practices of farmers who save their own seeds. Farmers' right to save their own seeds is a natural entitlement, and the clash between the public interest in this practice and the rights associated with new plant varieties remains a derivative issue of the intellectual property enclosure movement. The starting point of the problem lies in reconciling the private nature of intellectual property rights with public interests, while its resolution depends on the adaptation of limitations and exceptions within intellectual property law. Under the protection of intellectual property rights for new plant varieties, farmers face difficulties in determining reasonable boundaries for seed saving. At the legal level, it is necessary to recognize the legitimacy of farmers’ seed-saving practices and reasonably define such activities; at the practical level, it is feasible to incorporate relevant systems from copyright law, establish a compensation mechanism, and set up collective management organizations for seed-saving fees to rebalance the interests of relevant parties.

The expansive language access framework: an integrated approach to addressing oppression in language education

AbstractWhile language education programs were created with an equity stance in mind—with the goals of increasing access and facilitating academic success for ethnically and linguistically marginalized students—the larger educational context has compromised access for multiply marginalized students. Recognizing a need for more complex understandings of language access, scholars have turned to intersectionality; however, intersectional theory is often applied to individual encounters rather than systemic issues. In this conceptual paper, we showcase how this unitary and unidimensional approach manifests in policies, programs, and conceptualizations of languages and language practices that perpetuate the systematic marginalization of multilingual learners with disabilities (MLwDs). We illustrate how policy and programming have centered language while omitting critical perspectives of race and disability. By focusing on MLwDs, we demonstrate how MLs who are racialized and pathologized through language have been systematically ignored in ways that sustain systems of oppression. The expansive language access framework provides a structure for understanding what it would mean to attend to race, language, and dis/ability at the policy, program, and practice levels, and can thus serve as a tool for stakeholders (e.g., scholars, policymakers, educators) to critically examine, evaluate, and rethink their role in perpetuating and disrupting institutional oppressions that multiply marginalized students encounter. Ultimately, we hope the framework empowers stakeholders to identify opportunities for growth and expansion to increase access to more holistically responsive language programming.

Dependence of plasma dynamics on the strength of spatiotemporal-changing magnetic field in an RF plasma thruster using rotating magnetic field acceleration method

Abstract The rotating magnetic field (RMF) acceleration method is a newly proposed approach to enhance the performance of electrodelessradio frequency (RF)plasma thruster. In the previous study, electron current drivein the azimuthal direction was observed using the RMF method,which resultedin the electromagnetic force in the presence of a magnetic nozzle. To further optimizethe acceleration effect with the RMF method, we investigated the dependenceofspatial profiles of plasmaparameters and the driven current density on the RMF-field strength.We observed a higherazimuthal-currentdensityin plasma compared to the previous campaign.According to spatial electrostatic probe measurements,the ion Mach numberspatially increaseswith the increase in RMF strength. The ion acceleration on thez-axis can result from the presence of spatial convergence of electron pressure due to radial electron transport. Total thrust composed of a static pressure termand electromagnetic force increases with higher RMF strength under the full penetration condition of the RMF. We clarified the strengthening RMF-field contributes to enhancementof the azimuthal current and spatial ion acceleration effect, leading to the thrust increment. These findings, although the thrust performance is not yet at a practical level, hold significant potential for the future optimization of the RMF acceleration method applied to electrodeless RF plasma thrusters.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with periodontal disease toward disease management

IntroductionPeriodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects oral health and carries broader public health implications. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among patients with periodontal disease toward disease management.MethodsThis cross-sectional web-based study was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate KAP toward disease management.ResultsA total of 514 questionnaires were collected. Among the patients, 313 (60.89%) of them were female, 309 (60.12%) resided in urban areas and 130 (25.29%) reported having severe periodontal disease. The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and practices were 3.05 ± 2.03 (possible range: 0–8), 18.71 ± 3.64 (possible range: 6–30), and 14.85 ± 3.63 (possible range: 5–25), respectively. The knowledge item with highest correctness rate was the link between periodontal disease and systemic health (60.70%), while the lowest correctness rate was seen for understanding disease classification (36.96%). Pearson’s analysis revealed positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), knowledge and practices (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) attitudes, as well as attitudes and practices (r = 0.17, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.49, p < 0.001), age ≥ 33 years old (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18–0.62, p = 0.001), housewife/househusband (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.95, p = 0.037) and student (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20–0.92, p = 0.029) were independently associated with practices.ConclusionPatients with periodontal disease had insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, and passive practices toward disease management. Further efforts could be directed toward enhancing patient education on periodontal disease to improve knowledge, thereby positively influencing attitudes and disease management practices.

Technological Due Process: Review, Optimization, and Prospects

The Houston Independent School District case has revealed the challenges of transparency, impartiality, and human review mechanisms that automated administrative systems face in practice. The case shows that the automated administrative system needs to solve the problems of insufficient transparency and impartiality challenges while enhancing efficiency. At the theoretical level, the connotation of technical due process is further enriched in order to effectively respond to the complex and realistic needs. At the practical level, automated administrative systems with scenarios are constantly applied. In the face of the generalization of technical due process, we need to be alert to potential technical bugs and legal risks. In order to ensure the healthy development of the automated administrative system, it is necessary to pay attention to system updating and continuous optimization in the future, and introduce new technologies to improve the performance. At the same time, establish a sound error correction and human intervention mechanism to ensure that the automated system can be corrected quickly in the event of an error, and to strengthen the timeliness and effectiveness of human intervention. In addition, improving the transparency and fairness of the system, and perfecting manual intervention and decision support tools are also important directions for future development. The research will provide a reference for the optimization and improvement of automated administrative systems.

Sports, Tourism and Leisure Activities – Factor for Integrating Foreign Students in the University Environment

The integration of foreign students into the university environment is a crucial aspect for their academic and personal development. The aim of the research is to highlight the importance of sport, tourism and leisure activities in facilitating the integration process of foreign students in the university environment. From a theoretical perspective, our study highlights how sport, tourism and leisure activities interact to influence the various social identities of foreign students. On a practical level, the research proposes solutions for universities to capitalize on sport activities in facilitating social interactions between students from different cultures and to support international students to perceive themselves as important members of the university community. By engaging in a variety of physical, tourism and leisure activities, foreign students will maintain their health, will improve their mental stress and will cope better with the specific pressures of a socio-cultural and economic crisis, being able to increase their confidence and self-esteem, developing physical and social skills in an environment that supports and motivates them. Also, participating in the proposed activities will help reduce the feeling of isolation and loneliness, giving them an environment where they will form social bonds and friendships.

The Phenomenon of Power: The Social and Psychological Foundations of Power Relations

Today, in the academic environment and on the practical level, many methods are used to assess the motive of collective and internal (personal) power. At the same time, less and less attention is being paid to the issue of the phenomenon of power itself, epistemological and ontological side of it. In this work, variety of approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon of power are considered, evidence is provided that power, first of all, has a social basis and the motive of expanding power is an internal engine for all human activity. In order to form clear definitions related to such a complex phenomenon, it became necessary to integrate the ideas of power of many authors. However, due to the breadth of the notion of power, it is difficult to reduce it to one simple definition. The reader needs to understand the impossibility of fully covering everything related to the phenomenon of power in one scientific article. One of the indirect goals pursued in this work is to revive the discussion about the foundations of the concept of power and power relations.

Socio-demographic characteristics on land records management practices in Tanzania

Background of the study: Land registry offices are faced with misplacement and misfiling of records caused by improper practices by registry staff. Purpose: This study examined the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on the extent of land records management practices in land registry offices in district councils in Tanzania. Method: Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to complete data collection and data analysis. A purposive sampling was used to select 160 land registry staff and 19 key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26, while the qualitative data was analyzed by using content analysis with the aid of ATLAS.ti software. Findings: The findings show that there is a low practice among land registry staff of district councils. Age has a positive influence on LRMP, while career and working experience have a negative influence on LRMP. Conclusion: Adequate consideration should be given to individuals' age, experience, and career to a higher level of practices of land records in land registry offices. Training programs for non-professionals such as surveys, cartographers, and evaluators should be conducted to enhance their skills and competence in LRMP.

Kreativitas Linguistik dalam Iklan E-Commerce : Studi Perbandingan Wacana Persuasif antara Shopee dan Blibli

This study aims to describe and analyze the discourse structure consisting of macro structure, supra structure, micro structure, and discourse contained in Shopee and Blibli online shopping advertisements. The object of the research is the transcript of online shopping advertisements from Shopee and Blibli. The data collection methods used were advertising observation and doing advertising transcripts so that the final data used was in the form of text. This data was then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis model of Teun A Van Dijk's discourse analysis theory. From the data studied, the results of the study showed that (1) the macro structure or theme in the transcript of online shopping ads was seen in the entire content. The themes were big discounts, free shipping, cash back bonuses and discount vouchers. (2) The super structure consisted of (a) an introduction to the issue, (b) a series of arguments, (c) a statement of invitation, (d) a reaffirmation. (3) Microstructure consists of (a) background, (b) details, (c) meaning, (d) coherence marker, (e) stylistic, (f) rhetoric, (g) graphic use. (4) The discourse contained in the text was a persuasive discourse.