Level Of Political Awareness Research Articles

Application Of Vikor Method To Determine The Location Of Election And Election Care Villages

General elections are the core of the democratic process which involves active community participation. In order to realize optimal participation, it is necessary to make efforts to increase public awareness and participation in elections and elections. One effective way is to identify strategic locations to implement the "Village Care for Elections and Elections" program. This study aims to apply the VIKOR method (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) in determining the optimal location for the program. The VIKOR method is used as an analytical tool in considering several relevant criteria, such as the level of previous participation, the level of political awareness, the accessibility of the location, and the level of local government support. These data are evaluated and analyzed to assign a ranking to each potential location. Application steps include data collection, normalization, calculating VIKOR scores, and determining ranking. The results of this research provide clear guidance in determining the most suitable location for the "Election and Election Care Village" program. The selected location is the result of a compromise that considers all relevant criteria. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a basis for local governments or related institutions to allocate resources more effectively in order to increase people's participation in the democratic process.

Political Awareness Among Rural Women of Punjab: A Case Study of Sangrur District

India is a democratic nation. It is considered as the world’s largest democracy. Participation of people in working of government is the basic necessity for the success of democracy. It is significant that the extent of participation of individual and various groups in politics depends upon the level of their ‘awareness’. Thus the awareness about politics is the prerequisite of participation. Political awareness broadly defined as a knowledge and information that a person possesses about the nature, structures, functions, activities and problems of the political system in which an individual lives. In spite of constitutional provisions of gender equality and other political rights, only a small number of women have been able to make room for themselves in decision making process due to the lack of political consciousness. Many steps have been taken for the women empowerment as so far. There are many constitutional provisions about equal political participation of women. The 73^rd and 74^th amendment of the Indian constitution ensured the reservation of one third of Panchayats seats for women. These amendments brought about significant changes in the political scenario of the country with regard to women's participation in politics. But over the years, many researchers reveal that these amendments have had little effect on women's lives at the grassroots level. While political indicators reflects an increasing number of women contesting elections and holding offices in villages, study suggests that in most of the cases women's political participation gets reduced to tokenism and rubber stamp. Women empowerment is incomplete without the political awareness and their participation in the social, economic and political institutions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the pattern of political awareness among women with special reference to their knowledge about the political institutions of the country as well as their participation in the local self government and other decisions making structures. This paper also examines the role of political awareness in strengthening the political participation in politics and empowerment of rural women. It also analyzes the impact of social institutions like marriage, family etc. on the level of political awareness among rural women. This study is specifically confined to the four villages of Sangrur District of Punjab.

Political Learning through a Social Media Network

This study tries to fill the knowledge theory gap on the impact of social media use in political discourse. This research examines social media's performance in political learning where it does not exist as part of classroom learning. Social media is differentiated between activities that do not involve political interaction directly and discussion with other users. This study develops a cross-sectional survey on undergraduate college students' representatives of the five biggest campuses in Bandung, Indonesia. A total of 977 students filled questionnaires. The results show political discussion through social media networks providing students' political learning. The more students discuss related politics through social media, the higher their level of political awareness becomes. Social media activities do not impact political learning, where these activities do not involve discussion with other users. This study shows that students obtain political learning through political discussion through their networks, not just through social media activities. Political learning through social media requires discussion related to politics. Besides, sex, age, and expenditure also affect students' political knowledge acquisition. The results have implications for conducting studies on specific platforms to confirm social media activities' impact according to each platform's characteristics.

Cyber security as an innovative protection in the political space of Ukraine

The article focuses on the values of the role of cybersecurity in the modern information society. To develop an effective system of interaction in the information space, there is a need to form boundaries of protection for users. The system of protection that exists in society is aimed at resolving the contradictions that arise at the level of actual confrontation and significant influence on political processes with clearly defined subjects of political activity. For the modern world, the subjects of global governance pay serious attention to the level of security of the management system in individual countries and regions, which indicates the effectiveness or imbalance in the management system. Also, the role of such an entity at the supranational level of the management system. Therefore, the chosen topic is quite relevant for the global process of interaction and taking into account the views of individual regions. In addition, effective protection of cyberspace will help reduce the level of manipulation by political actors, which will help increase the level of political culture among politicians and the level of political awareness among ordinary citizens. The article analyzes modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of cybersecurity and cybersecurity, provides a generalized description of these concepts, identifies modern forms of security in cyberspace, analyzes the state of cybersecurity in the Ukrainian information space and defines its status as a subject of global interaction in the information space. In the political process, an integral element of interaction is the information space, as the modern platform for public relations between policy actors has been reformatted in the latest ways, and therefore the mechanisms of influencing citizens become innovative and demonstrate uncertain response from society and possible ways of political development. events. As a result, a number of mechanisms need to be put in place to protect all cyberspace users who engage in public communication on important policy issues.

TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM IN ODISHA

Indian democracy, like all other democracies of the Western World, believes in sharing of power that necessitates the popular participation of these poor, illiterate and culturally deprived communities of the County. As most of the people in this County live in villages, so democracy in India can be successful with the progressive involvement of these Tribes in the institutions at the grass-roots level (Panchayati Raj Institutions). This noble goal can only be achieved with the emergence of the development-oriented institutional leadership from among these communities who make the rural people conscious of participating in developmental activities in villages. Accordingly, it is the aim of this study to know the attitude of the tribal people and elected tribal leaders (of Panchayati Raj Institutions), their level of political awareness, the factors of motivation for their political participation and to perceive how these leaders participate in various political activities especially relating to the rural self-governing institutions. Planning for promoting socio-economic development of marginalised people has emerged as a key function of Panchayats in India. This scenario is also found in the case of the scheduled areas of Odisha. This article argues that institutional arrangement and functioning of Panchayats have paved the way for formulation of decentralised development plans in these areas. The Panchayats have been playing a key role in the ways of formulating decentralised development plans and fostering the participation of tribal people in planning process. Many important issues related to socio-economic development of tribal people have been discussed in the meetings involving planning. Despite this, the goals of promoting socio-economic development of tribal people through formulating decentralised development plans have not achieved the desired results. Inadequate infrastructure and poor data management system at the Panchayat level and weak coordination among the various tiers have created hurdles in the path of formulation of decentralised development plans in the districts of Odisha. It is on this basis, that this article suggests decentralised planning as a systemic process in the scheduled areas under the guidance of the Panchayats. This article also says some conservative attitudes of tribes push them back because they feel that the election has harm to their culture and tradition, if the people get away from politics their society will be saved.

PENYUSUNAN INDEKS KESADARAN POLITIK DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA

Sebagai agen perubahan, mahasiswa dituntut untuk memiliki kesadaran politik yang baik. Dengan kesadaran politik yang baik maka mahasiswa memiliki kesadaran akan posisinya dalam sebuah tatanan kehidupan bernegara yang lebih lanjut memperkuat sistem demokrasi negara tersebut. Selama ini kesadaran politik diukur melalui tingkat partisipasi pemilu dan indeks demokrasi Indonesia (IDI) khusus aspek hak-hak politik. Pengukuran tersebut merupakan pengukuran tidak langsung yang terkadang menghasilkan tingkat kesadaran politik yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu indeks khusus untuk mengukur tingkat kesadaran politik seseorang. Karenanya melalui studi di Politeknik Statistika STIS penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kesadaran politik seseorang dan menjelaskan gambaran umum tingkat kesadaran politik mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS menggunakan indeks kesadaran politik (IKP). Pengukuran IKP menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri 36 item pertanyaan yang mencakup dimensi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Data dikumpulkan pada 4 Juni 2020 dengan unit analisis sebanyak 140 sampel mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS yang diiambil menggunakan metode Stratified Circular Systematic Sampling. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa tingkat kesadaran politik mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS tergolong sedang atau cukup baik dengan masing-masing dimensi yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor secara berurutan termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, rendah, dan tinggi.

Government’s Responsibilities and Citizens’ Duties in a Democratic System: The implication for Nigerian Fourth Republic

In any political system the presence of government and citizens is sine qua non. Inkeeping with the purpose for which government was established, citizens expectgovernment not only to be responsible for all its actions towards them, but also beresponsive to their yearning just as government expects its citizens to discharge theirduties to the state. It is often claimed that democracy is a system of government thatenables both the leaders and the citizens to be conscious of what is required, andaccomplish it for the betterment of the society in terms of political, social and economicdevelopment. In Nigeria, it is argued, however, that neither government nor the citizenshave discharged their statutory functions satisfactorily. The study was undertaken toexamine the extent to which the Nigerian state and its citizens have lived up to theirstatutory and civic requirements. The study revealed that most citizens of Nigeria arepolitically docile, gullible, and parochial. This has led to a situation where citizen‘ rightsare trampled upon and made them easy target of elites‘ maneuvers. The citizens‘ levelof political awareness and participation is low and this has resulted in the being shirkingof their duties to the state. The work is of the view that democratic system in Nigeriacould only be sustained when both the state and its citizens accept their duties andresponsibilities as being inherent and inalienable. Both descriptive and historicalmethods were used in the study. It recommended among others that governmentshould work to help citizens through massive education to develop their capacity fordemocratic participations and civic leadership.

PRE-ELECTION AWARENESS OF VOTERS IN INDIA

The present paper examines the role of voters before an election. It analyses the awareness and participation of voters before an election and what will they do to make them active partners in the democratic system of India. In this paper, right of vote, media coverage, political interest and political discussion have an impact on voters. Whether voter’s political awareness influences their participation in electoral activities. The results indicate that a majority of the voters need more awareness about politics. Their level of political awareness is accounted for by their level of interest in politics, pattern of media use and frequency of political discussion. The result also reports a limited impact of political awareness on voter’s participation in electoral activities.

MENAKAR PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN TANA TORAJA TERHADAP PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH (PILKADA) TAHUN 2020

Studi ini mengkaji tentang menakar partisipasi politik masyarakat Kabupaten Tana Toraja pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2020. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan partisipasi masyarakat Tana Toraja pada Pilkada 2015 dapat dijadikan referensi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih di Pilkada 2020. Terlebih lagi, mempelajari kesiapan masyarakat Tana Toraja pada Pilkada 2020 di masa pandemi penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui data primer yang didapatkan dari wawancara mendalam kepada narasumber yang berasal dari KPUD Tana Toraja, organisasi semu politik Banteng Muda Indonesia dan Pengamat Politik Tana Toraja. Pengumpulan data skunder dengan mengutip buku, jurnal, dokumen, media online. Teknik analisis data melalui aktivitas reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan partisipasi masyarakat pada Pilkada Tana Toraja Tahun 2015 dipengaruhi tingkat kesadaran politik dan kurangnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah dalam mengantisipasi konflik antar pendukung pasangan calon. Selain itu, Pilkada Tana Toraja Tahun 2020 di masa pandemi diprediksikan mengalami penurunan terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam menggunakan hak pilih. Hal itu disebabkan karena masih tingginya jumlah kasus Covid-19 yang terjadi dan pemungutan suara di bulan Desember dimana pada bulan ini juga factor cuaca cenderung tidak mendukung masyarakat dalam melakukan aktifitasnya sehingga dapat menjadi alasan masyarakat untuk tidak hadir di TPS pada hari pemilihan 9 Desember nanti.

‘What is that to me?’

The Spanish civil war is featured in the works of Jorge de Sena as a moment which created a new level of political awareness and militancy. Sena’s incomplete, posthumously published novel Sinais de...

Pengaruh Gender Terhadap Kesadaran Politik Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas

This article aims to describe the effect of gender differences in the political awareness of high school students as a novice voter. The study method uses a correlational research design using a quantitative approach. The analysis used was independent samples T-test using SPSS 21. Data collection instruments used a questionnaire distributed to research samples. The sample is 245 students consisting of 128 female students and 117 male students. The results of the study showed differences in the level of political awareness between male and female students, male students had higher political awareness than female students. There is a positive and significant gender influence on the political awareness of high school students.

Women, Political Participation, and the Arab Spring: Political Awareness and Participation in Democratizing Tunisia

ABSTRACTThis research examines the constraints to female political participation in democratizing Tunisia. Analyzing data from the Voter Registration & Voter Confidence Assessment in Tunisia Survey conducted by the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) in March 2011 shows stark differences between men and women in their levels of political awareness, which causes a barrier to female political participation. Substantiated by a battery of tests, this gap is primarily structured by differences in university-level education and income levels. Contributing factors to explain the gap are differences in the degree of female public presence in urban settings, as opposed to rural areas, and a lack of access to information about politics. Policy recommendations to reduce this gap are creating educational funds for women and increasing the accessibility of political information outside of the capital.

Attention Must Be Paid: Political Awareness and Trade Preference Formation

What explains public opinion on trade? Many scholars of trade opinion argue that individuals form opinions about trade based upon personal economic interest. However, public opinion research suggests that individuals are rarely able to connect the effects of national policies with their own interests. This paper addresses this puzzle. Based on over three decades of public and elite survey data, we find that higher levels of political awareness robustly predict greater support for free trade, consistent with data showing that overwhelming elite support for trade. Further, we show that the effects reported in the trade opinion literature (e.g., education, gender, race, and income) are conditioned on respondents' levels of political awareness. This suggests that few people have settled opinions on trade policy. Instead, politically-aware individuals receive cues from political elites and take positions corresponding to elite positions on trade policy.

Leaders Without Borders: Familiarity as a Moderator of Transnational Source Cue Effects

The role of source cue effects in transnational persuasion (in which a foreign actor attempts to persuade an audience in another jurisdiction) is largely unexplored in both the political communication and international relations literatures. This article investigates transnational source cue effects using two source cue experiments that test the persuasiveness of German chancellor Angela Merkel and UK prime minister David Cameron in a Canadian context. The experiments were embedded in an online survey administered to student participants at a Canadian university in January 2011. As might be expected, the foreign leaders exerted positive source cue effects among participants who held positive impressions of the leaders and backlash effects among those who held strongly negative impressions. These effects, however, were moderated by participants’ level of political awareness, with the largest effects observed among participants who had an intermediate level of awareness. It is argued that this nonlinear moderating effect can be attributed to the countervailing effects of attitude stability and source familiarity (both of which are associated with political awareness) on individuals’ susceptibility to source cue effects. Finally, cueing David Cameron had approximately equivalent source cue effects on participants’ attitudes towards government spending on foreign aid and welfare, suggesting that foreign leaders may be able to move opinion on domestic as well as on foreign policy issues. Overall, these results validate existing models of source cue effects in a transnational context and point to the scope and limitations of national leaders’ ability to engage in direct public diplomacy. [Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Political Communication for the following free supplemental resources: Appendix: Question Wordings for Survey Experiments; Table A1: Balance Tests for Afghanistan and Cameron Cue Experiments; and Table A2: Underlying Salience of Domestic and Foreign Policy Spending.]

POLITICAL VALUES AND POLITICAL AWARENESS

At the heart of Zaller's model of public opinion lies the hypothesis that the greater one's level of political awareness, the more one is able to deduce political preferences from abstract values. Due to data limitations, Zaller relied on liberal/conservative scales as proxy measures of abstract values. However, measures of values correlate robustly with ideological scales only among the politically aware; the politically unaware do not hold genuine ideological orientations. Consequently, citizens may be better able than Zaller allows to connect values to policies without elite input.

Experience versus Perceptions: Accounting for the NHS “Perception Gap”

Between 2003 and 2006, annual Populus opinion polls have revealed a significant gap between personal experience and perceptions of the performance of national public services. The gap is most pronounced in the case of the NHS. In this paper, I examine whether social characteristics, party identification, newspaper readership, and variation in the levels of political awareness, issue salience, and partisan strength account for differences in evaluations of the NHS. Party identification appears to influence perceptions more than evaluations of personal experience; the evidence on newspaper readership is equivocal. Attaching importance to the NHS as an issue and strong identification with the Labour Party, along with social characteristics, party identification and newspaper readership also significantly affected the size of the gap between experience and perceptions. These findings suggest that perceptions, rather than views based on personal experience of the NHS, are more susceptible to partisan and, possibly, media influences. They also suggest that fluctuations in the NHS perception gap’s size, apparent between 2003 and 2006, are the product of changes in the intensity and direction of party support.

Political Awareness and its Implications on Participatory Behaviour

The analysis in this article centres around three questions: First, how well informed are Naga women voters about politics. Second, whether political interest, media exposure and political discussion have an impact on women’s level of political awareness. Third, whether women’s level of political awareness influences their participation in electoral activities. The results indicate that a majority of the women have moderate awareness about politics. Their level of political awareness is accounted for by their level of interest in politics, pattern of media use and frequency of political discussion. The result also reports a limited impact of political awareness on women’s participation in electoral activities.

Opinion Taking within Friendship Networks

Communication within friendship networks can provide gains in efficiency that help individuals enrich their understanding of politics. Through two panel survey experiments, we demonstrate that the dissemination of an individual's opinion about the hazards posed by public policies can have both durable and significant effects on the policy judgments of friends. These effects are conditioned by both the content of the communication and the recipient's level of political awareness. Opinions emphasizing potential risks carry more weight than those that attempt to alleviate concerns about potential risks. Moreover, opinion transmission is more effective for subjects who are less politically aware when policy issues are salient; but when the political issue is more esoteric, friends who are more politically aware evidence greater opinion change.

Testing Zaller’s Reception and Acceptance Model in an Intense Election Campaign

The paper provides a test of Zaller’s reception and acceptance model. The theory describes conditions under which a political message is received, and, if received, accepted or rejected. The study deals with the 1988 Canadian election that was fiercely fought over one central issue, the Free Trade Accord with the United States. We use the 1988 Canadian Election Study campaign rolling cross-section survey, and we test Zaller’s propositions about who is most likely to receive and then accept party messages. Our findings provide little support for the model. We suggest that when an issue is hotly debated in an election campaign voters who receive party messages are able to connect these messages to their values and predispositions whatever their level of political awareness.

Transnationalism or assimilation? Patterns of sociopolitical adaptation among Canadian business immigrants

This study analyses patterns of sociopolitical incorporation among immigrant entrepreneurs in Ontario who entered Canada under the auspices of the federal Business Immigration Program [BIP] between 1984 and 1994. The analysis focuses specifically on issues of transnationalism, adaptation to mainstream social and political institutions, and citizenship. In-depth interviews of a sample of BIP entrepreneurs reveal that, over a period of eight to eighteen years, respondents generally achieved a high level of political awareness, maintained weak transnational ties, and naturalized at an extraordinarily high rate. In the process of sociopolitical integration, respondents relied primarily on human forms of capital, especially English language proficiency and business skills, rather than on the social capital that inheres in ethnic communities and networks.