Level Of National Development Research Articles

The association between rapid growth and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity above the normal range, particularly in infants and children, and is highly prevalent in congenital deficiency infants. But the association between dyslipidemia and rapid growth remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the lipid profile in subjects with and without postnatal rapid growth, and to determine what are the confounding factors. Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Chinese citation database and WANFANG database were searched (last search in May 2021). Publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots, Egger's linear regression test and Begg's rank correlation test. The fixed effects model would be adopted if I2 is less than 25%, otherwise random effects model would be used. There were 11 articles involved with a total of 1148 participants (539 boys and 609 girls, mean age=7.4 years). Pooled analysis found that rapid growth was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (weighted mean difference=-0.068, 95%CI [-0.117, -0.020]), but not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Stratified analysis suggested that increased TG were found in rapid growth subjects from developing countries. Higher TC was observed for rapid growth participants of follow-up age ≤8 years old, rapid growth duration ≤2 years, preterm, low birth weight, and from developing countries. But decreased TC was observed in small for gestational age (SGA) rapid growth subjects. Decreased LDL-C had been documented in rapid growth subjects of follow-up age >8 years old, from developed countries, and SGA. At last, rapid growth groups had lower HDL-C in infants of rapid growth duration >2 years and from developed countries. Rapid growth is associated with lipid profiles, particularly during early childhood, and this relationship is influenced by factors such as the duration of growth, the level of national development, and birth weight. These findings are significant for the development of strategies to prevent metabolic diseases.This review was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration number CRD42020154240.

Cognitive and Socioemotional Caregiving in Mothers, Fathers, and Children’s Other Caregivers from 51 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

SYNOPSIS Objective. Cognitive and socioemotional caregiving practices are both important for child development, but little is known about the extent to which children’s different caregivers engage in the two types of practices or their relative effects on child development, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design. The current study investigates how often mothers, fathers, and children’s other caregivers in 159,959 families from 51 LMICs engage in cognitive versus socioemotional caregiving practices, associations between these caregiving practices, and how the balance between these practices predicts child development. Results. Caregivers reportedly engage in more socioemotional than cognitive caregiving practices in all LMICs examined at all levels of national development. The more mothers, fathers, and other caregivers reportedly engage in cognitive caregiving practices, the more they engage in socioemotional parenting practices. Engaging in cognitive caregiving practices is the strongest predictor of early childhood development when considering cognitive caregiving, socioemotional caregiving, and the balance between the two types of caregiving. Conclusions. Promoting increased caregiver use of cognitive caregiving and integration of cognitive and socioemotional caregiving could close the gap between the number of cognitive and socioemotional caregiving activities parents engage in and potentially promote child development in LMICs.

Developing International Collaboration Indicators in Fisheries Remote Sensing Research to Achieve SDG 14 and 17

Remote sensing technology significantly contributes to fisheries management and marine ecosystem preservation. The development disparities among countries create gaps that hinder sustainable fisheries and ecosystem protection. Assessing progress and efforts across regions and countries is crucial for sustainable development. Effective measurement methods are used to identify shortcomings, guide academic development, and strengthen partnerships. Tracking and highlighting partnership achievements is challenging due to the difficulties in quantification. The objective of this study is to create indicators for evaluating the community of international academic cooperation. We analyzed and examined the trend in national efforts and international partnerships before and after the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were released in 2015 using bibliometric methods and bibliographic information from the Web of Science (WoS). The results show that tracking the progress and evolution of international collaborations in fisheries remote sensing research can be facilitated by employing quantitative indicators that measure international cooperation among coauthors, institutions, and countries. Additionally, the number of partnerships in each country displays a significant relationship with the country’s level of national development. A comparison of indicators developed by actors with different orientations can be used as a strategic reference for developing partnerships among countries. Academic research in developing countries that rely heavily on fisheries plays a critical role in preserving life below water (SDG 14). The achievement of this SDG can be enhanced through global partnerships (SDG 17).

PIONEERING SUSTAINABLE GROWTH THROUGH HERITAGE CONSERVATION

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently reached a new growth phase to target a sustainable future in the post-oil area. The Saudi National Vision 2030, with the governmental institutions' commitment, aspires to reach the highest levels of national development through sustainable approaches that target the valorization of national resources and culture, together with local, sustainable traditions for a global excellence example of growth. Many recent conservation projects have been launched to preserve national heritage, targeting diverse interventions to enhance the local culture as part of the country's history. The paper presents some comparisons and assessments conducted on recently completed interventions to discuss the country's approach to requalifying national heritage, enhancing national identity, and targeting sustainable growth. The aim is not only the enhancement of hospitality services and tourism offers but also the involvement of the local communities and culture. The research aims at demonstrating how national heritage conservation can be a powerful tool to promote sustainable national growth by embedding the country's future into the local traditions and pioneering healthy, sustainable growth.

PIONEERING SUSTAINABLE GROWTH THROUGH HERITAGE CONSERVATION

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently reached a new growth phase to target a sustainable future in the post-oil area. The Saudi National Vision 2030, with the governmental institutions' commitment, aspires to reach the highest levels of national development through sustainable approaches that target the valorization of national resources and culture, together with local, sustainable traditions for a global excellence example of growth. Many recent conservation projects have been launched to preserve national heritage, targeting diverse interventions to enhance the local culture as part of the country's history. The paper presents some comparisons and assessments conducted on recently completed interventions to discuss the country's approach to requalifying national heritage, enhancing national identity, and targeting sustainable growth. The aim is not only the enhancement of hospitality services and tourism offers but also the involvement of the local communities and culture. The research aims at demonstrating how national heritage conservation can be a powerful tool to promote sustainable national growth by embedding the country's future into the local traditions and pioneering healthy, sustainable growth.

How can an alternative natural resource co-management system be established? —Evidence from Chinese community forestry

ABSTRACT In developing countries, interest in community forest management (CFM) has steadily increased over the last decade. Based on the extended political institutional analysis and development (P-IAD) framework, this paper analyzes the Chinese CFM system by combining the political-economic context, rules-in-use, and discourses to show alternative co-management practices. We find that CFM is rooted in national-level development strategies, embedded government-society relationships, and social development claims. This governance structure determines that the public sector guides the development and utilization directions of forest resources based on development planning and national discourses, while community leaders serve both villagers and the public sector. Over the course of development, this co-management system undergoes dynamic adjustments and gradually fulfills the evaluative criteria, including employing varied institutions, ordinary rules, and cross-scale connections. Compared with the previous co-management system, the current system presents the features of national layer penetration, continuous power coordination, and development orientation. The experience of Chinese CFM shows that scholars should focus on the impact of national-level macro strategies and social construction on natural resource management, not just cooperation between civilian agencies and the community. The findings provide developing countries with new thoughts for designing natural resource management systems.

PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS DAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

Strategic planning for organizations and the business world is the answer to all problems in planning for the long term. Where it is expected that leaders have the ability to carry out planning by looking at the problems, constraints and challenges faced by the organization, so that they are expected to be able to make the right strategic decisions according to the needs of the organization. Thus strategic planning is needed in preparing programs that have a concept on sustainable development. So it is necessary to understand what elements are needed for sustainable development, including what factors along with the tools needed to develop in a sustainable manner, both at the national development level, and at the regional development level. This paper is an article review that discusses the forms of strategic planning and sustainable development along with the preparation process and the benefits obtained by Organizations or Businesses.

Ethnic politics, the Cold War and sub-national dynamics: the Indonesian Communist Party, the ethnic Chinese minority and anti-Chinese activities in West Java, 1949–67

AbstractA growing body of scholarship has examined the intertwining of ideological polarization and inter-ethnic tensions during the Cold War. In this context, increasing attention has been paid to the experiences of the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, and how they were affected by international and national-level developments. Less scrutiny has been given to the role of sub-national forces, despite the fact that patterns of ethnic conflict sometimes varied markedly between different parts of a single country. This article addresses this lacuna via the case study of West Java, Indonesia. The article analyses the relationship between the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI), Indonesia’s ethnic Chinese population and anti-Chinese agitation in the 1950s and 1960s. International and national forces encouraged closer relations between the PKI and some ethnic Chinese Indonesians through the 1950s. From the late 1950s to the mid-1960s there were also recurrent episodes of anti-Chinese harassment, driven primarily by anti-communist groups. The strength of the anti-communist coalition within West Java helped make the province the epicentre of anti-Chinese agitation during crises in 1959–60 and 1963. Yet shifts in the configuration of military and political forces in the region meant anti-Chinese actions in West Java during the contentious period 1965–67 were less severe than in some other provinces. Overall the article highlights the need to consider the interaction of not only international and national processes but also sub-national regional dynamics when analysing the relationship between Cold War polarization and inter-ethnic conflict.

Fiscal Decentralization and the Human Development Index: A Cross-Border Empirical Study

Many countries have implemented fiscal decentralization reform in recent decades, which has had a profound impact on their national development. The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between fiscal decentralization and national development. To achieve this goal, we validated our proposition with panel data of 50 countries covering the period of 1991–2020 and used IV estimation to correct any potential endogeneity, with the Geographic Fragmentation Index as an instrumental variable. We used the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the level of national development, as it is a composite index that includes the three dimensions of economy, education, and health. The results show that there is a significant hump-shaped relationship between fiscal decentralization and the HDI. This result was robust when it was tested on an alternative sample covering the period of 2010–2021. The policy implication determined here is that governments should choose a moderate degree of fiscal decentralization in order to promote national development. We also discuss how to determine such a moderate degree of fiscal decentralization.

The Outlook of Green Building Development in China during the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan” Period

To achieve the "Double Carbon" target, China is paying increasing attention to green building development. Thus, this study selected 26 regional green building development planning documents that have been put into practice since the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan and analyzed different development goals and common development barriers and paths presented in regional documents by conducting qualitative research. After the analysis of common goals and goals with regional characteristics, this study verified that spatial imbalances did exist in the development targets of green building in each region during the "14th Five-Year Plan", and the development priorities also varied from region to region. Due to the relation between development goals and the current situation, this study can also illustrate the spatial imbalances of the development situation between different regions. The results of this study can assist regional governments in gaining a clear self-positioning to judge whether they keep pace with the national development level of green buildings and encourage them to take measures to guarantee the stable development of green buildings.

Population Aging, Industrial Intelligence and Export Technology Complexity

The ageing of the population has become a serious test for all countries and regions, and industrial intelligence, as a new development model that integrates traditional industries with modern technology, will contribute to the deep integration of the industrial and innovation chains and thus to the enhancement of national core competitiveness. Based on the dual influence of population ageing and industrial intelligence, this paper uses the 2016 version of the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) data for 16 manufacturing industries in 43 countries from 2000 to 2014 to construct an econometric regression model to empirically test the relationship between population ageing, industrial intelligence and technological complexity of exports. The results of the study show, firstly, that population ageing plays a positive role in the technical complexity of exports. Secondly, the introduction of industrial intelligence mitigates the adverse effects of an ageing population through a complementary substitution mechanism on the one hand, and promotes industrial upgrading and transformation through the infiltration and expansion effects of industrial intelligence on the other, which in turn has a positive impact on the increase in technological sophistication of exports. In addition, the paper further divides the level of industry technology, the level of national development and the age structure of the ageing population, and explores the impact of industry intelligence in different dimensions. The results show that industrial intelligence can have a positive impact on export technological sophistication at the industry level, at the national level and in terms of ageing demographics. The research results provide a new way of thinking, through which countries around the world can formulate population policies and industrial policies and improve the complexity of export technology under the background of aging.

뉴스 빅데이터를 활용한 대학평생교육 토픽 분석

This study analyzes the policy and social discourse on university lifelong education by applying the topic modeling analysis using news big data. In particular, the National Lifelong Education Enhancing Plans(NLEEP) was taken as the main context for the analysis. A total of 22,493 news articles were collected through BigKinds, the DB operated by the Korea Press Foundation. As a result of the analysis, the words that appeared the most were ‘Student’, ‘Support’, ‘Business’, ‘Operation’, and ‘Region’. And the topic that showed the most weight was 'Lifelong education through industry-university cooperation', followed by 'Participation in university lifelong education support project' and 'Distance learning and degree acquisition' in that order. Second, most of the derived topics appeared repeatedly throughout the entire cycle. Third, the topics classified at the individual university level show the highest frequency, followed by the local community linkage and the national development level. Based on the results of this analysis, the limitations of the study and follow-up studies were suggested along with suggestions such as the efforts to promote communication among the participants in lifelong education and the development and sharing of its success models.

Technology Policy and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

In the 21st century, the government and people of Nigeria are placing special emphasis on the technological component of development. In today’s world, technology has a critical impact on people and all areas of societal development, from communications and transport to construction and health care. In this study, the term “technology” is used in a broad context, referring to the knowledge, competencies and skills strongly required for technological development. Methodologically, the research is based on the secondary sources - monographs, academic articles and Internet resources. The main idea of the research is to comprehensively analyze the Nigeria’s technology and sustainable development policies. The performance of these efforts has been rather poor, preventing Nigeria from reaching a technological level comparable with that of developed economies. Rich in mineral resources Nigeria must initiate the development and adoption of modern technology to accelerate its economic growth. A review of Nigeria’s technology policy in the context of a long-term development is required. With a more thorough approach to the development of production functions and operations, such as quality control, maintenance, planning, etc., the level of national development would be much higher than at present. In the case of Nigeria, qualitative improvements in industrial production are directly linked to such factors as knowledge, expertise and experience. Overall, the authors conclude that vocational training for the sub-Saharan Africa sub-region is the key to bringing the respective countries to a new level of technological development. Meanwhile, in seeking technology, Nigeria must strive to strike a balance between industrial development and the environment in order to achieve sustainability.

Social Considerations of Ecotourism Planning in Nandapur, Chitwan National Park Buffer Zone, Nepal

Ecotourism holds promise of localized economic and environmental benefits. Yet, these benefits are often promoted in Nepal without assessing related challenges. Officials at Chitwan National Park plan to disperse tourism benefits and use more widely across the park buffer zone. The intention is to improve regional prosperity and alleviate impacts at the current, concentrated points of park entry. Park and tourism staff and government officials have identified Nandapur, a buffer zone village, as an additional park entry point. We present the story of Nandapur villagers, as they would be most affected by local ecotourism development. This case shares synthesized information from household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to showcase (1) how locals view this potential national-level development in their rural ethnic-minority village and (2) what methods may examine such cases. Findings suggest that opportunities are welcomed overall but that the Botey (marginalized caste) are less positive about ecotourism’s local supports and benefits than are the Magar and Tharu (privileged castes). Significant challenges are posed regarding difficulties in community–park relationships, skills development, staffing, and information availability. Readers are offered an opportunity to critically consider scale and local inclusion in ecotourism development and the local viability of such efforts.

Review of the Role of Landscape Approach in Biodiversity Conservation: Corridors, Patches and Matrix

Achieving global conservation goals requires that realizations, agreements, and directives be customized to reach all levels. In the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity, this means that approaches to conserving biological diversity must be developed at the local landscape level to support national implementation of the Convention. The main objective of this paper was to review the basic role of landscape in conserving biodiversity. To achieve the goal, different articles and books were referred. As it was reviewed, the three elements of landscape namely corridors, patches and matrix contribute pivotal roles in conservation of biodiversity as they facilitate mobility, particularly, for wild animals. In recent years, protected area management has evolved from a species-based conservation approach to a livelihoods-based landscape approach. A landscape approach to conservation offers significant benefit. It is impractical to plan and implement conservation for all species and their habitat requirements at different landscape scales. Many places around the world are considering how to simultaneously improve local livelihoods, meet national-level development needs, and achieve conservation goals on urgency as current decisions are paving the future pathway for people and biodiversity in landscapes. This is because, landscape approaches seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating and managing land to achieve social, economic, and environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, and other productive land uses compete with environmental and biodiversity goals. Therefore, landscape approaches should gain prominence in the search for solutions to reconcile conservation and development tradeoffs. Keywords: Landscape, Landscape Structure, Biodiversity Conservation DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

The impact of decision-making styles (effectuation logic and causation logic) on firm performance: a meta-analysis

PurposeAs two essential styles of firm decision-making, the relationships among effectuation logic, causation logic and firm performance are unclear. It is helpful to deepen the understanding of reasoning theory and the process of decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between effectuation logic, causation logic and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on 31 independent empirical studies (including 11,600 samples) published by predecessors, meta-analysis is used to systematically integrate the impact of two decision-making styles on firm performance and explore the potential factors affecting their relationship.FindingsThe results show a positive correlation between two decision-making styles and firm performance and the influence of effectuation decision-making style in firm performance is slightly stronger. However, the application environment is different: in the emerging market, the causation decision-making style is more effective for firm performance management. When the firm chooses the effectuation decision-making style, it is more effective for performance management in the emerging market. In addition, the industry type, firm performance evaluation tools, national development level and firm scale and firm age can significantly moderate the impact of two decision-making styles on firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsBoth decision-making logics are possible ways for firm to success. Still, the future needs to dig deeper into the black box that can unlock the decision-making styles to achieve firm performance or competitive advantage based on other factors of the decision-behavior-outcome business model, more longitudinal data and experiments.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the impact of decision-making styles (effectuation logic and causation logic) on firm performance using a meta-analysis.

Effect of Capital Structure, Tax Avoidance, and Firm Size on Firm Value with Dividend Payout Ratio as Moderating

Infrastructure is an integrated part of national-level development and the axis of economic movement. The more intensive infrastructure development is carried out, the higher the competition between construction companies to obtain capital from investors. This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Structure, Tax Avoidance, and Firm Size towards Firm Value with Dividend Payout Ratio as a Moderating Variable conducted on construction and building sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 period. This research was a quantitative research where data was processed using the SPSS 25 application. The population in this study was a construction and building sub-sector company that has gone public and published its financial or has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 period. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling method. In this study there were 30 samples of companies. This study used multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that: (1) Capital structure affects firm value; (2) Tax Avoidance does not affect firm value; (3) Firm Size affects firm value; (4) Dividend Payout Ratio is able to moderate the effect of capital structure towards firm value; (5) Dividend Payout Ratio is not able to moderate the effect of tax avoidance towards firm value; (6) Dividend Payout Ratio is not able to moderate the effect of firm size towards firm value.
 Keyword: Capital Structure, Tax Avoidance, Firm Size, Firm Value, Dividend Payout Ratio.

National development level effects on capital budgeting practices: a comparative study of nature vs nurture

Purpose This research should help determine whether development should focus on individual firms or will raising the national development level act like a rising tide and raise the performance of all corporations. Design/methodology/approach The comparative data used in this study come from 150 Australian (ASX200 index listed) firms and 150 Sri Lankan (Colombo Stock Exchange listed) firms. The research questions are answered via a quantitative research design that uses primary and secondary data. Findings The findings demonstrate that capital budgeting practices are more influenced by contingency features and sophistication in Australia and Sri Lanka. Also, Australian firms tend to use capital budget models with good-to-strong predictive power (except for ROE) and Sri Lankan firms tend to use capital-budget models with fair-to-poor predictive power. Further, the analysis of Australian firms yielded much stronger and more statistically significant results than the analysis of Sri Lankan firms. Practical implications In complex real-world situations, reconciling the outputs of a multifaceted approach to capital budgeting methods is more likely to give the depth and width of input needed to achieve an optimal capital investment plan. Originality/value The results of this study can provide rich information for stakeholders about new findings in capital budgeting (CB) practices and their contributions to firm performance in a comparative perspective.

Spatial Heterogeneity of China’s Environmental Regulation on Industrial Pollution: Evidence from a Top–Down Environmental Enforcement Action

To obtain precise information about enterprises’ pollution control and take corresponding environmental protection measures is the key to preventing and controlling industrial pollution. Taking the lead–acid battery industry as an example, this paper employs data from the Environmental Enforcement Action to analyze the urban–rural and inter-provincial distributions of pollution-intensive enterprises and to quantitatively verify the spatial differences in China’s environmental regulation on industrial pollution. The study finds that lead–acid battery manufacturing enterprises are mainly located in rural areas instead of urban areas; most pollution-intensive firms located in industrial parks, especially those approved by governments below the provincial level. The multivariate logistic model analysis finds that environmental regulation in urban districts is more strict than that in towns and villages, while the suburban areas are the laxest; environmental regulation in national-level development zones is more strict than that in provincial-level development zones, while zones below the provincial level are the laxest. In general, the environmental regulation is stricter in urban areas than in rural areas, and stricter in clustered space than in scattered space, while most inter-provincial environmental regulations have no significant differences. Local governments should effectively allocate conventional environmental law enforcement resources and shift the focus of law enforcement downwards to parks below the provincial level, and on suburbs and townships.

Global Population Aging, National Development Level, and Vulnerability to the Pandemic.

PurposeThis study examined the roles of population aging and national development level in affecting different phases of novel coronavirus disease development with a view to advancing preparedness and corresponding policy.MethodsRegression analysis was conducted using multisource data from the World Bank and Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Dashboard.ResultsPopulation aging is positively associated with confirmed cases of day-10, day-20, and day-30. The positive association between population aging and death does not emerge until day-20. Countries with a higher proportion of older males face higher risks of death.. Countries with a higher proportion of males aged 70–74 years are at the highest risk of confirmed cases. National development level is not associated with confirmed cases, but developing countries face significantly higher risks of death of day-10 and day-20.ConclusionPrevention and control policies for older adults and underdeveloped areas and sex differences need to be studied.