Level Of Live Weight Research Articles

Influence of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on gut function of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) juveniles.

The present work investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on the zootechnical performance and digestive physiology of juvenile Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). In this trial, 15 fiberglass tanks (39 × 39cm square and 33cm high) were used. Forty-five fish (3.52 ± 0.01g) were placed randomly per tank. Fish were fed for 90days with the diet containing 50, 100, 200, or 400mgkg-1 laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils, respectively. The work was performed in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) operating with freshwater. Fish were manually fed 3% level of live weight during the experiment period. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion rate (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were not affected by laurel essential oil supplementation. Dietary laurel essential oil (50mgkg-1) affected positively the surface area of fish intestinal villus that required for digestion. Both villus height and villus width were affected positively in fish fed with 50mg laurel essential oil kg-1. While incorporation with 100mg laurel essential oil kg-1 increased the total α-amylase enzyme, 50mg laurel kg-1 increased lipase enzyme. Moreover, 50mg laurel essential oil kg-1 increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in fish. Besides, 50mg laurel essential oil kg-1 reduced the number of total coliform and E. coli.

ВВОДНОЕ СКРЕЩИВАНИЕ В МЯСО-САЛЬНОМ ОВЦЕВОДСТВЕ ЗАПАДНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

The research was carried out in a flock of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed, where sheep producers of the Hissar breed were used on full-aged queens of the first class. In the resulting offspring, the level and dynamics of live weight for the suckling period and up to 16 months of age, as well as the slaughter indicators of sheep at 2 and 4 months of age were studied. In addition, the rams of the Hissar and Edilbaevsky breeds used in the experiment studied the nature of changes in the level of live weight in various age periods of ontogenesis, as well as the features of the physique by taking measurements of body articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИНАМИКИ РОСТА, ЭКСТЕРЬЕРА, ОПЛАТЫ КОРМА БЫЧКОВ АБЕРДИН-АНГУССКОЙ ПОРОДЫ РАЗНОГО ТИПА ТЕЛОСЛОЖЕНИЯ

The purpose of this work was to establish the features of growth, appearance, and feed costs as related to the increase in live weight in Aberdeen-Angus calves obtained from bulls of different body types. To conduct the experiment in the company LLC “Hammer” of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, 14 calf bulls were selected in each group from the offspring of 4 large calf bulls and 3 small calf bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. The fathers of the first group of young calf bulls had a higher level of live weight as compared to the fathers of the second group of calf bulls (by 80 kg). Their differed from their counterparts as being high-legged, less broad-bodied and having different massive characteristics. The mothers of the calf bulls of the first group also had a higher live weight (by 49 kg) as compared to the mothers of the calf bulls of the second group. The differences in constitution between them were nsignificant. The results of research on intensive rearing of different types from weaning to 18 months of age showed that calves originating from large-type bulls surpassed their counterparts obtained from the bulls of a small type of meat productivity. This distinction is primarily expressed in a greater growth rate and better feed gain in live weight. At the age of 18, calа bulls from large-type parents reached a mass of 442 kg, and those obtained from the small-type ones – 413 kg. These differences are statistically significant (P > 0.99) for the period from weaning to one and a half years of age. Calа bulls originating from large-type bulls spent 8.1 ECU per 1 kg of gain, and those originating from small-type bulls – 8.4 ECU.

PSX-29 Late-Breaking Abstract: The effectiveness of in vivo determination of meat quality using an ultrasonic scanning device in Kazakhstan

Abstract Improving beef quality is important task for livestock in Kazakhstan. Almost all indicators characterizing the quality of carcasses and beef are evaluated after slaughter. Their use in breeding is limited (Legoshin G.P. 2010). For lifetime assessment of carcasses in pedigree and slaughter cattle, Aloka 500B, EXAGO, EVO ultrasonographs are used, using which there is a high coincidence of the lifetime forecast of muscular development over the eye muscle area with the indicator in carcasses after slaughter of animals (Bisembaev A.T. 2019). A high correlation of prognosis of ribeye area with live weight of animals was noted (Lisitsyn A.B. 2010). The aim of the project is to study the effectiveness of in vivo determination of meat quality using an ultrasonic scanning device. Tasks: to determine the ribeye area, the fat of the cattle using an EXAGO ultrasonograph; compare the ribeye area, the fat of the slaughter cattle, determined using an EXAGO ultrasonograph and measured on the carcass after slaughter. The studies were carried out on pedigree bull-calves of the Kazakh white head (85 animals), Auliekol (101 animals) breeds aged 14–15 months and on the feeding stock (6 animals) with a live weight of more than 943 lb. The ribeye area, the fat were obtained: Kazakh white head had 23.2 sq.in and 0.10 in, Auliekol – 20.4 sq.in and 0.09 in. The animals studied after slaughter yielded full-bodied carcasses, while the slaughter yield averaged 56.3%. The correlation between live weight level and ribeye was r=0.97. The coincidence of ribeye, measured by an ultrasonograph with a post-mortem measurement averaging 93.8%. The introduction of ultrasound methods for determining beef productivity in beef industry will allow livestock husbandry to become cost-effective and improve the beef quality. The results of ultrasound images for the carcass traits will be applied in selection and breeding work.

Effect of indoor light on quail meat productivity

We investigated the effect of LED lamps and incandescent lamp bulbs on the productivity and slaughter quality of Pharaoh breed meat quaility. LED lamps had power output of 16 W, luminous flux of 1400 Lm, and color temperature of 4200 K. Incandescent lamp bulbs had power output of 40 W, luminous flux of 500 Lm, and color temperature of 2300-2900 K. From the 6th day of rearing the light, the intensity was 10-15 Lk within the level of live weight. We established a positive influence of LED lamps on quail slaughter qualities. The quails of experimental group (with LED lamps) had the advantages in terms of live weight (it was higher by 21.5 g or 8.23%, P> 0.999), the gains, feed conversion ratio (higher by 0.2 kg, or 5, 08%), quail liveability (higher by 4%). According to the results of the control slaughter, we admited a striking privilege in the level of slaughter weight and the eviscerated carcass of the poultry of the experimental group. The difference between groups is significant (P> 0.95…0.999). The advantages of the quails from experimental group towards the output of thigh muscles (higher by 0.02%), the drumstick muscles (0.12%), and the liver (by 1.02%) were obvious. The anatomical indices confirmed the influence of indoor lighting source on quali slaughter quality, i.e. the index of carcass food part and leg meat from experimental group were higher, the same was true with the indices of muscle and muscle breast of the quail of the control group with incandescent lamp bulbs. Keywords: Quails; LED lamps; Rearing; Productivity; Slaughter features References Cahaner, A. (1990). Genotype by environment interactions in poultry. Poultry Science, 81 (10), 1454-1462. Chu, T.T., Bastiaansen, J.W.M., Berg, P., Rome, H., Marois, D., Henshall, J. & Jensen. J. (2019). Use of genomic information to exploit genotype-by-environment interactions for body weight of broiler chicken in bio-secure and production environments. Genetics Selection Evolution, 51(50). Guidelines for the anatomical cutting of carcasses and organoleptic assessment of the quality of meat and eggs of poultry and egg morphology (2004). Sergiev Posad: VNITIP (in Russian) Kochish, I., Fedkina, T., Kovinko, V. (2010). Genotype, environment and productivity of broiler. Animal husbandry of Russia, 9, 11-12 (in Russian) Lewis, P.D., Morris, T.R. (1998). Responses of domestic poultry to various light sources. World's Poultry Science Journal, 54, 7-25. Lukanov, H. (2019). Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica), is there such farm animal? World's Poultry Science Journal, 75 (4), 547-558. Manser, C.E. (1996). Effects of lighting on the welfare of domestic poultry: a review. Animal Welfare, 5, 341-360. Melnyk, V.O. (2015). Modern science on the effects of light on birds. Melnyk, V.V., Prokopenko, N.P., Bazyvolyak, S.M. (2019). Poultry farming in Ukraine: poultry and egg and meat production in 2018. Modern poultry, 3-4, 2-8 (in Ukrainian) Melnyk, Yu.F., Kovalenko, V.P., Uhnivenko, A.M. (2008). Selection of farm animals. Kyiv: Intas (in Ukrainian) Minvielle, F. (2004). The future of Japanese quail for research and production. World's Poultry Science Journal, 60 (4), 500-507. Mohov B.P., Krasota, V.F. (1998). Ecological and genetic assessment of the livestock system. Zootechniya, 1, 20-22 (in Russian) Nelson, J.R., Bray, J.L., Delabbio, J., Archer G.S. (2020). Light emitting diode (LED) color and broiler growth: effect of supplementing blue/green LED to white LED light on broiler growth, stress, and welfare. Poultry Science, 99 (7), 3519-3524. Olanrewaju, H.A. , Miller, W.W., Maslin, W.R., Collier, S.D., Purswell, J.L., Branton, S.L. (2018). Influence of light sources and photoperiod on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and health indices of broilers grown to heavy weights. Poultry Science, 97, 1109-1116. Shanawany, M. M. (1994). Quail Production Systems: A Review. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sultana, S., Hassan, M.R., Chow, H.S., Ryu K.S. (2013). Impact of different monochromatic LED light colours and bird age on the behavioural output and fear response in ducks. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12 (2013), e94, 573-579. Vakulenko, Yu. (2014). Influence of different light sources on the quality of products of laying hens. Animal husbandry of Ukraine, 8-9, 15-18 (in Ukrainian).

The level of productive qualities of cows of black-motley breed contained in standard conditions of Russian farms

Researchers pay much attention to productivity aspects of cows of various breeds and are looking for approaches to its growth. The milk productivity of lactating cows of black-motley breed is a very important economic indicator, which they are constantly trying to increase by selecting young animals for the breeding process and economic use. When evaluating the economically useful qualities of black-motley cows contained in standard conditions of Russian households, they have excellent reproductive qualities. They turned out to be characterized by high levels of milk yield, mass fraction of fat in milk and the amount of milk fat received. The examined cows showed correlation between the volume of milk yield for the first, second, third and highest lactation with the level of milk yield in the second, third and highest lactation, as well as with the mass fraction of fat and live weight of the animal. Considering the obtained data, it can be considered that selection of cows of black-motley breed should be carried out taking into account the volume of milk yield during the first lactation, which positively correlates with the size of milk yield for subsequent lactation, with the level of live weight and with the level of butterfat for the period of the second and third lactation.

The importance of paratypical factors in the formation of productive longevity of red Gorbatov cows

The research was carried out on the basis of the breeding farm «Ababkovskoe» Nizhny Novgorod region. In the period of 2006-2015 518 heads of animals dropped out the herd. They formed the electronic database for studying the influence of paratypical factors on indicators of productive longevity of red Gorbatov cows. The analysis involving the method of grouping animals had been carried out. In the course of the study it was established that the increase in milk yield during the first lactation lead to an extension of productive life (r = 0.17). The best indicators (5.70 lactations) were observed in first-calf heifers having the yield of 5001-6000 kg of milk. Lifetime production and milk yield during the first lactation had a weak positive relation (r = 0.30). Cows with productivity of 5001-6000 kg of milk during the best lactation had the longest productive use (5.58 lactations). In general, there was an average positive relation between these indicators (r = 0.48). Power of influence of the highest lactation milk yield on the lifetime milk yield was 22.47% (F > Fst). In conditions of the red Gorbatov breed gene pool preservation the recommended milk yield for the first-calf heifers should be 4000-5000 kg of milk. The growth of milk production in subsequent lactations resulted in extension of the economic use of cows and increase in other productive indicators. Half of the animals in the herd (50.7%) had a coefficient of milk yield 751-1000 kg of milk per every 100 kg of live weight In this group there was the highest level of live weight (455 kg, р<0,001) and economic use (4.95 lactations, р<0,001). Great influence on the duration of red cow productive longevity had live weight during the first calving (power of influence 19.6% F > Fst). The most optimal live weight for red Gorbatov cows during the first calving is not less than 460 kg. Low weight leads to a rapid drop out of animals from the herd

A function for live-weight change between two calvings in dairy cattle

ABSTRACTA function to describe live-weight changes of dairy cows between two calvings is constructed. The following measurements were used: live-weight level (scale), pregnancy parameter, maximum decrease of live weight during the lactation and the time during lactation at which minimum live weight occurred.An analysis was carried out for each of 71 dairy cows of two genotypes, Dutch Friesian and Holstein Friesian crossbreds, given a high or a low concentrate diet. Data set 1 contained data of 40 weeks lactation and data set 2 data from calving to calving.The mean residual standard deviation per genotype-diet group ranged from 11 to 14 kg. The mean R2 ranged over the subgroups in data set 1 from 0·715 to 0·792 and in data set 2 from 0·857 to 0·906. Diet had a significant influence on the magnitude of the decrease in live weight during the lactation (71 v. 46 kg) and the mean time during the lactation at which minimum live weight occurred. The latter time ranged from day 58 to 100 over the four groups and a diet effect existed. The pregnancy parameter could not be estimated accurately based on measurements during the first 40 weeks of lactation. The correlation coefficient between the pregnancy parameter in data sets 1 and 2 ranged from +0·13 to +0·78. The other parameters showed coefficients from +0·82 to +0·99.