Learning Difficulty Level Research Articles

Dynamic Loss Weighting for Multiorgan Segmentation in Medical Images.

Deep neural networks often suffer from performance inconsistency for multiorgan segmentation in medical images; some organs are segmented far worse than others. The main reason might be organs with different levels of learning difficulty for segmentation mapping, due to variations such as size, texture complexity, shape irregularity, and imaging quality. In this article, we propose a principled class-reweighting algorithm, termed dynamic loss weighting, which dynamically assigns a larger loss weight to organs if they are discriminated as more difficult to learn according to the data and network's status, for forcing the network to learn from them more to maximally promote the performance consistency. This new algorithm uses an extra autoencoder to measure the discrepancy between the segmentation network's output and the ground truth and dynamically estimates the loss weight of organs per the contribution of the organ to the new updated discrepancy. It can capture the variation in organs' learning difficult during training, and it is neither sensitive to data's property nor dependent on human priors. We evaluate this algorithm in two multiorgan segmentation tasks: abdominal organs and head-neck structures, on publicly available datasets, with positive results obtained from extensive experiments which confirm the validity and effectiveness. Source codes are available at: https://github.com/YouyiSong/Dynamic-Loss-Weighting.

The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technology on Improving Students’ Concept Understanding

Adaptive learning technology is an educational method that uses artificial intelligence and computer algorithms. This learning system can manage students’ interaction pattern during learning activities. The use of adaptive learning technology is able to change students from just receiving information to an active and collaborative part in the learning process. This research was conducted with the aim of improving the quality of education in Indonesia by encouraging teachers to use this technology. This research also aims to provide a better understanding of the potential and weaknesses of adaptive learning technology in improving students’ concept understanding as well as providing stronger guidance for curriculum development and better educational practices. The method used in this research is quantitative method. This method is a way of collecting numerical data that can be tested. Data is collected through the distribution of questionnaires addressed to students. Furthermore, the data that has been collected from the distribution of the questionnaire, will be accessible in Excel format which can then be processed with SPSS. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the impact of using adaptive learning technology shows that adaptive learning technology can improve the quality of education. Research shows that with the use of adaptive learning technology, it can change teaching methods, learning materials, and can find out the level of learning difficulties faced by these students. From this study, researchers can conclude that the impact of using adaptive learning technology, can improve student understanding and achievement and has the potential to improve the quality of education. with the existence of adaptive learning technology, it is able to increase student involvement and motivation in learning, so that student understanding in learning can be achieved well.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas X IPA di SMA Negeri 3 Tebas pada Materi Protista

Biology is considered difficult for students to study, this condition cannot be separated from the nature of science. Studying science is complex because it emphasizes unification, systematization, combination and analysis of information and concepts. The aim of this research is to measure the level of learning difficulties experienced by class X Science students on Protista material. The method used is a case study. The research subjects were students of class X Science at SMA Negeri 3 Tebas, Sambas Regency. Data collection instruments consist of diagnostic tests, questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research showed that the learning difficulty of class X Science students at SMA Negeri 3 Tebas on Protista material was 91.94% with very high criteria. The factors that influence students' learning difficulties are internal factors of 78.18% with strong criteria, and external factors of 64.14% with strong criteria.

Students’ digital addiction and learning difficulties: shortcomings of surveys in inclusion

Students have been distance learning to a considerable extent during the Covid years and the primary concerns are teenagers’ learning difficulties, digital addiction and long screen time. Our aim was thus to study teenagers’ perceived learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. The current study was a part of a larger e-survey. The data were collected across Estonia from 8,486 teenagers who studied in the inclusive education system during spring 2022. The students were 11–20 years old. While analysing the data, we had to exclude the answers of 315 students. Those students had answered carelessly or inaccurately, had written an inaccurate age, illogical answers or similar answers throughout the test. We studied teenagers’ level of learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. The study shows positive correlations between learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. Digital addiction and screen time predict 11% of the variability of perceived learning difficulties scores based on a Linear Regression model. The model shows a poor prediction for students whose scores are very different from the mean. We describe the weaknesses of an e-survey method in inclusive education. Linear statistical models predict well for average students, but do not predict well for respondents who are very different from the mean. The so-called residuals need special attention or, paradoxically, exclusion from the statistical analysis. The outliers are often the students who need help in the inclusive system. Here, we will share our insights, what we have learned as researchers from conducting the study. We cannot collect reliable data about special needs students with any wide scale e-survey if we do not address the developmentally heterogeneous group of students and their needs while participating in the survey. This is significant for study reliability as well as gathering data from children with special needs.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Siswa Di Kelas VI SD Negeri 101944 Deli Muda


 
 
 
 Decreased student learning outcomes indicate the occurrence of difficulties in learning. This research was conducted to determine students' learning difficulties in mathematics in grade VI, the level of students' learning difficulties in mathematics, and to find out the causes of students' learning difficulties in mathematics in class VI SD Negeri 101944 Deli Muda. The research design is descriptive analysis, where this research uses quantitative research methods. the level of learning difficulties of students, especially in learning mathematics in class VI amounted to 63.1% which were identified as having learning difficulties in class, or in other words there were 12 out of 19 students / I who experienced learning difficulties with the type of learning difficulties in mathematics (Discalculia) which included difficulties in understand the concept of arithmetic in the material for addition of integers, mixed arithmetic operations, and understand how to solve problems in the material for solving area and perimeter problems in plane and geometric shapes. There is 5.2% at the level of difficulty with the type of reading difficulty or (dyslexia) or in other words there is 1 student who experiences an error when reading the questions. The level of difficulty with the type of writing learning difficulty (Disgraphia) is 0%, because there are no students in grade VI who have difficulty writing. There are several factors that cause learning difficulties in mathematics to occur, namely internal factors that occur from within the student, which include student interest and motivation in learning, study habits, and the health condition of the student's body. While external factors that occur from outside the student's self, which include environmental conditions, the relationship between teacher and student, and media/learning aids.
 
 
 

Description of Student Chemistry Learning Difficulties in Acid Base Material Class XI IPA at SMAN 7 Padang

Acid base material is a material that is quiet difficult to understand, because 75,5% of class XI science students at SMAN 7 Padang hae not been able to achieve the learning KKM that has been set. This is an indicator that there are still many student who have learning difficulties. Learning difficulties are inability of students to learn to achieve learning objectives and are characterized by low learning outcomes. This research is a descriptive research that aims to describe the level of learning difficulties of students and the factors that influence it in each indicator learning of acid base matter. The subject of this research is class XI IPA 6 SMAN 7 Padang TA 2021/2022 students who number 38 people. The instruments used are two-tier multiple choice diagnostic tests, questionnaire sheets and interviews. Data processing uses descriptive statistical methods. From the results of this research it was obtained that students have difficulty learning in acid base matter. Students' highest learning difficulties lie in the first indicator of analyzing soluble properties based on acid-base theory according to Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis by 77.2% with a high category of learning difficulty levels. Based on the results of questionnaires and interviews with students, the factors that cause students' learning difficulties in acid-base materials are seen from the internal factors of students are due to the student's less effective way of learning, namely not concentrating, not making schedules and carrying them out, not repeating materials, not taking notes and reading, and not doing assignments.

Description of Self Efficacy Students SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak in Chemistry

The aims of this research are to give description of student’s self efficacy SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak in chemistry. The research method that used in this study is descriptive which is quantitative. The subject of this research were 29 students in class XI IPA 2 SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. Data collection techniques carried out by indirect communication techniques in the form of questionnaires and direct communication in the form of interviews. The results of the analysis showed that students with high, medium and low self-efficacy were 34.48%, 41.38% and 24.14%, respectively. The results of categorizing self-efficacy indicate that most students already have confidence in their ability to determine and carry out learning activities to achieve the desired target, although there are still some students who have low self-efficacy. The results of the analysis of aspects of self-efficacy, showed that students have a level of learning difficulties, the strength of confidence and broad areas of behavior as much as 49%, 31% and 20%. These results indicate that students have different perceptions in looking at the difficulty of an assignment so students will try to carry out tasks that they think are capable of doing and will avoid situations and conditions that they think are beyond the limits of their abilities.

The Correlation Between Elementary Students’ English Listening Skills and Their Interest in and Views on Learning English

This paper examines the relationship between students’ listening comprehension skills and their opinions and interest in learning English. The participants were 514 ninth-grade students in public elementary schools in the Republic of Kosovo. A standardised listening comprehension test was used to assess students’ listening skills, followed by a questionnaire covering a range of opinions and interest in learning English. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between proficiency in English listening and factors such as interest in learning English, perception of English as a motivating skill, and lower levels of learning difficulty. In addition, favouring a dedicated language school for learning English was found to be a significant factor in English listening proficiency.

Self-Determination Factors and Their Impact Through the Relative Autonomy Index on Skills-Based Learning

Through this study, we aim to identify the relationships between self-determination factors and skills-based learning, as well as the impact of these relationships on increasing the quality of skills-based learning in lower secondary education. The methodology of this paper is the use of quantitative methods of descriptive and inferential statistics in order to study the principle of self-determination through statistical estimation of the RAI (Relative Autonomy Index) coefficient. The data for the conduct of the empirical study were made possible by the questionnaires of the academic self-regulation type. The study includes two samples of students divided by the learning difficulty level. The novelty of this study is precisely the inclusion of the students with learning difficulties and the comparison of their outcomes with those of progressive students. There are many studies on the latter, some of which have guided the idea of this study. The Relative Autonomy Index was built by assessing the motivation sublevels dependent on their position in the self-determination process. Consequently, the data were collected by the standard academic self-regulation questionnaire, for the students with learning difficulties (45 students) and progressive students (45 students). The content of the questions is mainly about the reasons that make students do their works at school. The study of the RAI variable was conducted by treating the data according to their classification in terms of students' level of learning difficulties. To conclude on the relation of controlled motivation to relative autonomous motivation, the results of cross-quartile and descriptive distribution of RAI variable were studied. According to the selected sample, the analysis of this empirical study does not give us a good picture of the implementation of the skills-based curriculum, a process, which should enable each student to master the key skills for lifelong learning. Received: 20 April 2021 / Accepted: 16 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

Pendekatan Teknik Johari Window dalam Menangani Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Di SMP Al-Hidayah Medan

Abstrack: The problem in this study is the condition of learning difficulties experienced by students with research subjects of Medan Al-Hidayah Middle School students. This study aims to determine the implementation of the johari window engineering approach in dealing with student learning difficulties in Al-Hidayah Middle School Medan. This study used a qualitative method with the subject of the research counseling guidance teacher and 3 students of Al-Hidayah Medan Middle School. This study gives meaning that through the johari window technique approach can find out how the factors causing learning difficulties are either observed or experienced by students. The conclusion was proven through the results of observations and interviews obtained from 3 students and BK teachers. The result is students can provide an explanation of the level of learning difficulties experienced by students after being given a student approach shows a better attitude towards the approach that has been given by the teacher for guidance and counseling in overcoming student learning difficulties.<br />Keywords: johari window technique, learning difficulties

Relationship between self-directed learning readiness, learning attitude, and self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates

Abstract Objective The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) of nursing undergraduates and explore the impacts of learning attitude and self-efficacy on nursing undergraduates. Methods A total of 500 nursing undergraduates were investigated in Tianjin, with the Chinese version of SDLR scale, learning attitude questionnaire of nursing college students, academic self-efficacy scale, and the general information questionnaire. Result The score of SDLR was 149.99±15.73. Multiple stepwise regressions indicated that academic self-efficacy, learning attitude, attitudes to major of nursing, and level of learning difficulties were major influential factors and explained 48.1% of the variance in SDLR of nursing interns. Conclusions The score of SDLR of nursing undergraduates is not promising. It is imperative to correct students’ learning attitude, improve self-efficacy, and adopt appropriate teaching model to improve SDLR.

ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI VIRUS DI KELAS X MIPA SMA NEGERI 1 RANTAU SELATAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2017/2018

This study aims to determine the level of learning difficulties students on Virus material in terms of cognitive aspects, learning indicators and factors causing. The method used is the analysis of the causes of students' learning difficulties. The research design is descriptive quantitative. Population in research is all students of class X IPA SMA Negeri 1 Rantau Selatan, Kab. Labuhan Batu. The sample was taken in total sampling as many as 129 students. The research instruments are multiple choice test and questionnaire. The results showed: (1) the percentage of students' learning difficulties on each cognitive aspect of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 and 43.05%, 48.15%, 49.36%, 50, 17%, 61.54%, 69.93%; (2) indicator to differentiate body structure of virus with other creature equal to 53,03%, (3) indicator to identify virus characteristic by 42,24%, (2) explain the way of virus reproduction 53,72%, (4) indicator explain the role of virus for life equal to 56,64%, and (5) indicator communicate how to avoid self from danger of virus like influenza, AIDS, bird flu etc 50, 7%; and (3) factors that, inhibiting students in studying viral plant matter are physical, psychological, parent, biology teacher, lesson, school environment. It was concluded that there were students' learning difficulties on virus material in class X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Rantau Selatan Tahun Learning 2017/2018.Keywords: learning difficulties, cognitive aspects, and factors causing learning difficulties

EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING KELOMPOK TEKNIK RELAKSASI UNTUK MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMP PGRI 1 PALEMBANG

The objectives of this research are: (1) to know the effectiveness of group counseling and to overcome student's learning difficulties in SMP PGRI 1 Palembang, (2) to know effectiveness of group counseling model with intrumental music based relaxation technique to overcome student learning difficulties SMP PGRI 1 Palembang. This reasearch use Quantitative approach Quasi-experimental design method with Non equivalent Control Group Design was conducted to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of group counseling through instrumental music-based relaxation techniques to overcome the learning difficulties of SMP PGRI 1 Palembang students by the following steps: (1) preparation of control groups and experimental groups, 2) provide a pre-test in the control and experimental group (3) provide treatment or treatment to the experimental group (4) provide post test in the experimental group, (5) the final outcome of group counseling effectiveness with instrument music-based relaxation techniques to overcome learning difficulties students. This study resulted in the effectiveness of group counseling with intrumental music-based relaxation techniques to overcome student learning difficulties. The study involved 14 students as a sample of 7 as an experimental group and 7 as a control group. Based on the results of field tests, the level of self efficacy of students increased after following group counseling activities with self-relaxation techniques. Shown by changes in student's learning difficulty level before being given treatment (preliminary evaluation) and after (final evaluation) of 147 points or 99%. The result of statistical test of wilcoxon test also shows 0,005 <0,05 so it can be concluded that group counseling service with intrumental music based relaxation technique is effective to overcome student's learning difficulties.keywords: group counseling, instrumental music, learning difficulties, relaxation.

STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLES AND PREFERENCES IN LEARNING SELECTED STATISTICAL TOPICS BASED ON INTERVIEW AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING TECHNIQUE

Students very often perceive statistics as a difficult subject to learn and have generally shown very little interest in it much to the dismay of educationists and instructors alike. This study investigates the problems students face when learning certain statistical topics by firstly relating these learning difficulties with the effort put in when understanding the topics. This is followed by categorizing students’ learning styles and preferences based on Kolb’s Learning Model. Phase 1 explores these levels of learning difficulty, while Phase 2, the case study of 22 students, further investigates the students’ learning styles. The analysis is based on a content matrix of students’ learning of statistical topics using Kolb’s Learning Model, Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) and Multidimensional Scaling. The study results indicate that learning difficulties can be overcome by employing different learning styles. The majority of the students fall into the ‘Converging’ category as they prefer to do practice exercises and study on their own. A small number of students fall into the ‘Accommodating’ and ‘Diverging’ group, as they prefer to study in small groups and consult lecturers when the need arises. Finally, an even smaller number comes under the ‘Assimilating’ group as they prefer to read textbooks and look up for notes from other sources from the internet. Other factors such as prior knowledge in statistics, ability to work with statistics and personal effort are also found to support students’ interest in learning statistics. Keywords : Learning Difficulties, Learning Styles, Kolb’s Learning Model, Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS).

IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT KESULITAN BELAJAR FISIKA POKOK BAHASAN GERAK PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 13 MATARAM

The study aims to describe the types of learning difficulties and their presentations on the subject of "motion". The sample in this research is the second grade students at secondary high school as much as 2 (two) classes. The data that has been analyzed is the percentage of student error. The results indicated that the types of learning difficulties experienced are: difficulty to understand concepts, reading and understanding graphs, analyzing problems, using formulas, and calculations. The level of learning difficulties on the subject of "motion" from sub-subjects difficult to the easiest are: Straight-Changed Motion (50.64%), velocity and speed (44.01%), Regular Straight Motion (43.87%) and Position and Displacement (35.08%). The average of students' learning difficulty is (43.40%). We conclude that many students have difficulty learning on the subject of Motion.

Simulation of the effect of learning on the topology of the functional connectivity of neural networks

We introduce a procedure for simulating adaptive learning in neural networks and the effect this learning has on the way in which the functional connections between the nodes of the network are established. The procedure combines two mechanisms: firstly, the gradual dilution of the network through the elimination of synaptic weights in increasing order of magnitude, thus reducing the costs of the network structure. Secondly, to train the network as it is diluted so as not to compromise its performance pursuant to the proposed task. Considering different levels of learning difficulty, we compare the topology of the functional connectivities that result from the application of this procedure with those obtained using fMRI in healthy volunteers. According to our results, the topology of functional connectivities in healthy subjects can be interpreted as the product of a learning process with a specific degree of difficulty.

ANALISIS KESULITAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN PRINSIP MATERI POKOK DIMENSI TIGA SISWA KELAS XI SMK KEPERAWATAN YAHYA BIMA

The results of observations in class XI SMK Health Nursing Yahya Bima note that students still think that math is hard and scary that students often find it difficult when working on math problems. Student difficulties in learning mathematics are also characterized by low daily test results mathematics class XI student of SMK Nursing Yahya Bima. Therefore it is necessary to do an analysis of learning disability and the factors that influence the students' learning difficulties in learning mathematics in particular three-dimensional. This research is a descriptive study conducted on 64 students of class XI SMK Yahya Nursing Bima. Data collected by the method of three-dimensional tests and questionnaires. Tests that have been declared valid and reliable research subjects used to determine which students who received grades of less than KKM defined as research subjects. Questionnaire is used to determine the internal factors and external factors that greatly affect the students' learning difficulties in studying the three-dimensional. Data analysis techniques used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that as many as 33 students have difficulty in solving the three-dimensional, it is due to students 'difficulties in providing examples of specific concepts, students' difficulty in giving up the name space, difficulties in classification, less skills students in basic skills, calculation errors, procedural errors , students are not mastering algorithms and do not understand the basic concepts. Factors - factors that cause learning difficulties students have great influence on quite a high level of learning difficulties experienced by students of class XI Vocational Nursing Yahya Way in three dimensions is the subject matter of interest, motivation, talent and intelligence of students who are on average relatively less and methods applied teachers including the use of visual aids in teaching the less even very low.

IDENTIFIKASI KESULITAN BELAJAR FISIKA PADA SISWA RSBI : STUDI KASUS DI RSMABI SE KOTA SEMARANG

This study aims to map the physical learning difficulties and the factors that caused the student RSMABI se Semarang. The research use qualitative methods were implemented in SMAN 2 Semarang and Semarang SMAN 4. Data on students physics learning difficulties derived from a description of student test results sheet. Data factors that cause learning difficulties derived from physics student sheet questionnaire completed by the students. Learning difficulty level data obtained from the analysis of the percentage of descriptive analytical test results of students were consulted with learning difficulty level classification table. Data learning difficulties factors derived from the descriptive analysis of the percentage of the completed questionnaires were consulted with learning difficulties factor classification table. Results showed difficulties in learning physics concepts mastery indicators. The factors that cause learning difficulties physics include interest, aptitude, motivation, intelligence, school facilities, teachers, facilities or infrastructure and support, and activities have the same level that is sufficient cause learning difficulties in students RSMABI physics se Semarang.

Effects of segmenting, signalling, and weeding on learning from educational video

Informed by the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, this study examined the effects of three multimedia design principles on undergraduate students' learning outcomes and perceived learning difficulty in the context of learning entomology from an educational video. These principles included segmenting the video into smaller units, signalling to direct students' attention to relevant information, and weeding to remove any non-essential content (SSW). It was hypothesized that the SSW treatment would decrease perceived learning difficulty and facilitate the transfer of knowledge and the structural knowledge acquisition. Results of the study demonstrate that participants in the SSW group outperformed the non-SSW group on the tests of knowledge transfer and structural knowledge acquisition and reported lower levels of learning difficulty. These findings support the use of SSW to help novice learners organize and integrate knowledge from complex, dynamic audio-visual media like video.

Depressive symptoms during adolescence: Do learning difficulties matter?

To examine whether learning difficulties play a role in depressive symptoms, 658 Finnish adolescents were asked to complete scales for depression three times during the transition to post-comprehensive education. They also reported on their learning difficulties and feelings of inadequacy as a student. The results showed that learning difficulties prospectively predicted depressive symptoms. Moreover, the impact of learning difficulties was mediated via inadequacy as a student: learning difficulties predicted feelings of inadequacy as a student which, in turn, contributed to greater increases in depressive symptoms. Finally, gender moderated the association between learning difficulties and depressive symptoms: both being a girl and having a high level of learning difficulties predicted a higher initial level of depressive symptoms.