Level Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Interpersonal Relationship and Job Satisfaction among Early Childhood Education Teachers in Edo State, Nigeria

The study examined interpersonal relationship and job satisfaction among early childhood education teachers in Edo State. Three research questions were raised for the study and one of the research questions was formulated into hypothesis. The study is descriptive research and adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of this study comprises all the one thousand and twenty-one (1021) public early childhood education schools and one thousand two hundred and sixty-three (1263) early childhood education teachers in Edo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of one hundred and two early childhood schools and one hundred and twenty-six early childhood teachers in the three senatorial districts of Edo State. A questionnaire (IRJSAECETQ) which was validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used to elicit data from the respondents. The research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while hypothesis was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings from the analysis of the study revealed that the level of interpersonal relationship among early childhood teachers is low; the level of job satisfaction among early childhood education teachers in Edo State is also low. The findings also revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between interpersonal relationship and job satisfaction among early childhood education teachers in Edo State. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the level of interpersonal relationship among early childhood teachers, pupils and the school authorities should be improved upon by establishing and maintaining effective and frequent communication among the early childhood education teachers, head teacher, and pupils as it has been proven in this study that there is a significant relationship between interpersonal relationship and job satisfaction among early childhood teachers Keywords: Interpersonal relationship, Job satisfaction, early childhood education, early childhood education teachers.

PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT INTERPESONAL RELATIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL IN THE ERA OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

Teenagers are the next generation of the nation whose development does not go unnoticed. One of the developments in the spotlight in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is the ability to relate socially or better known as interpersonal relationships. This study aims to provide a profile of students' interpersonal relationships in the industrial revolution 4.0 era which is synonymous with performance competition, ability to work in teams and have the ability to work together in teams. This research uses quantitative descriptive research. The subjects that are the focus of this study are 115 teenagers in class X SMA Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. Collecting data using interpersonal relationship scale. Analysis of research data using descriptive analysis, which consists of: (1) data examination; (2) data classification; (3) data tabulation; (4) calculate the frequency of data; (5) determine the category. This study can be used as a reference for teacher guidance and counseling in schools in developing adolescent interpersonal relationships. The results of the study indicate that the level of interpersonal relationships in general is in the high category. This can be seen from the number of teenagers' answers, which in general are 112 teenagers or 97% are in the high category. A total of 3 adolescents or 3% are in the moderate category and no adolescents are in the low category.

A comparative study of subjective well-being, interpersonal relationship and love forgiveness among Chinese college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic.

During the period that COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, Chinese universities have adopted a new teaching method combining online and offline and banned students from entering and leaving campus at will in line with the epidemic prevention policy. As a result, college students' learning and life styles have been greatly changed. In order to explore how the epidemic and specific prevention policies have influenced the psychology and behavior of Chinese college students, this study used three questionnaires of college students' subjective well-being, interpersonal relationship and love forgiveness to collect the data after the epidemic and compared with the data of college students before the epidemic. The result showed that before and after the epidemic, college students had obvious changes in their level of interpersonal relationship, subjective well-being and love forgiveness. Relationships among the three variables had changed. Meanwhile, the demographic variables of college students had certain changes in the three questionnaires. College students with and without romantic experience also had significant differences in the three questionnaires. It can be seen that the epidemic and specific prevention policies have a certain impact on the physical and mental health of college students, and there is also a gap in the forgiveness level of college students with and without romantic experience. These findings remind relevant departments that it should give greater consideration to the physical and mental health of college students, provide some references for dealing with new outbreaks and formulating the epidemic prevention policies subsequently, and suggest psychological counselors to change the way of dealing with the intimate relationship of college students.

THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF CANDELARIA WEST DISTRICT

This study was conducted to determine the interpersonal dimension and its relationship to the organizational commitment of teachers in selected public schools in Candelaria West District. The subjects of study were ninety-two (92) teachers from the selected public elementary schools in Candelaria West District for the academic year. 2022-2023. This study was a descriptive method and utilized and adapted questionnaire on the level of the dimension of interpersonal relationship such as cooperative vs. competitive dimension, equal vs. hierarchical dimension, intense vs. superficial dimension and the level of organizational commitment such as affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The gathered data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation. This study revealed the following findings: the perception regarding the level of interpersonal relationship is ‘very high’ in all three variables in terms of improving their connection: cooperative, equal and intense. Also, the level of organizational commitment is ‘very high’ in all three variables in terms of improving their connection within the organization: affective, continuance and normative. The findings of this study will be useful to teachers, school’s administrator, the people who work in organizations, and other researchers. The study hereby offers the following recommendations: teachers may continue this kind of interaction within their organization to create and continue a good relationship and to be committed: treating the other members of the organization equally, having interaction, cooperation, working together, and enjoying each other is a good thing to do.

Work Environment and Teachers’ Job Performance in Public Primary Schools in Ondo State Nigeria

The apparent indiscipline and low quality education in primary schools calls for a serious concern. It is observed that teachers are not performing their duties as expected and this could be as a result of perceived poor work environment hindering effective performance of teachers’ duties. Therefore, this study examined work environment and teachers’ job performance in public primary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. The descriptive research design of the survey type was employed. The sample consisted of 120 teachers and 20 head teachers randomly selected from 20 public primary schools in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Two researcher-made questionnaires entitled “Work Environment Questionnaire (WEQ)” and “Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ)” were used to elicit response from the respondents. The test re-test method was used to test the reliability of WEQ and TJPQ which yielded coefficients of 0.89 and 0.77 respectively. Four research questions were raised and answered using frequency counts, percentage, and mean, while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings revealed that school location was moderately conducive for teachers’ work; the level of interpersonal relationship among teachers was high and the provision of physical facilities was moderate. The findings also revealed that there was significant relationship between school location and teachers’ job performance (r = 0.310, p = 0.001); and there was significant relationship between provision of physical facilities and teachers’ job performance (r = 0.578, p = 0.000). The study therefore concluded that work environment enhanced job performance of the teachers. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that physical facilities such as conducive office space, potable water and constant electricity should be provided to aid teachers’ job performance

Influence of the Level of Family Social Support of Student Mothers on the Psychological Wellbeing, Egerton University, Kenya

In pursuit of intimate relationships, students in Kenyan Universities end up getting pregnant before completing their undergraduate degree programmes. Upon giving birth, the students have to balance between the roles of motherhood and attend to student obligations. Striking a balance between the dual roles becomes a challenge to majority of the student mothers. The strain involved in balancing the roles results into psychosocial challenges. Some of these challenges include; level of participation in student activities, level of interpersonal relationships, level of family social support and motherhood stigmatization. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of selected psychosocial challenges and coping strategies on the psychological wellbeing of student mothers among undergraduate students at Egerton University, Kenya. This study was guided by role conflict theory and the strain theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 91 respondents comprising of 82 student mothers, eight student counselors and one Dean of Students.Census sampling method was used to select the entire population. Data was collected using close-ended questionnaire for student mothers and interview schedule for student counselors and the Dean of Students. The instruments were validated by two supervisors and discipline research experts from the Faculty of Education and Community. The reliability analysis was based on a pilot study that was conducted in Maseno University involving eight student mothers. From the pilot study, the study revealed that the overall questionnaire reliability with 43 items was 0.838. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze data. The study found out that there was statistically significance influence on the level of participation of student mothers in student activities (β=0.217, р <0.05), interpersonal relationships (β=0.188, р <0.05), family social support (β=0.261, р <0.05), coping strategies (β=0.125, р <0.05) and motherhood stigmatization (β= - 0.203, р <0.05) on the psychological wellbeing of student mothers at 5% significance level. The study recommended development of a special counseling program for student mothers on personal, academic, social and psychological issue. Keywords: Interpersonal relationships, Stigmatization, Psychological wellbeing; coping, Strategies and family social support. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-29-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Reflexões éticas na atenção à saúde de pacientes com HIV

Abstract This study analyzed ethical aspects in the therapeutic follow-up of patients with HIV via a systematic literature review conducted by searching the PubMed, LILACS and MEDLINE databases, using descriptors in English and Portuguese language, with 169 publications from 2011 to 2021. To avoid bias, the Prisma guidelines were used and the recommendations established by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system were considered to classify the level of evidence. The well-being of HIV patients is associated with the level of interpersonal relationships, quality of treatment and personal beliefs. Stigmatization and fear of the dissemination of the disease in the groups in which they live are the main reasons for distress. Support to patients during the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are fundamental, so that they can better apply their coping strategies.

Associations between the oxytocinergic system genes, perinatal complications and interpersonal relationships in patients with schizophrenia

To search for the associations between genes of the oxytocinergic pathway and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia, namely, the ability of schizophrenic patients to form interpersonal relationships, taking into account the influence of such an environmental factor as perinatal complications. The study included 383 people (140 women and 243 men, mean age 32.6±11.4 years), of whom 107 had a history of perinatal complications, and 276 did not. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Personal and social relationships domain of The Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). Polymorphisms rs53576, rs4686302, rs1042778 in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and polymorphism rs3796863 in the transmembrane glycoprotein (CD38) gene were genotyped. There is the association between the OXTR rs53576 polymorphism and scores on the interpersonal relations domain (p=0.005). Significant differences are found between carriers of the GG genotype and carriers of the A allele (p=0.003). In the group without perinatal complications, the genotype does not have a significant effect on PSP score. There are no associations between other polymorphisms and the level of interpersonal relationships in any of the studied groups. The results are in accordance with the notions accepted on the basis of numerous evidences that link the genes of the oxytocinergic system with social behavior. We obtained new data on the influence of the known polymorphism OXTR rs53576 on the phenotype, which has not been studied previously in this aspect - the ability to form interpersonal relationships in patients with schizophrenia, while it was shown that the effect of the genotype depends on the environmental risk factor (perinatal complications).

Empathy and Interpersonal Relationship among Institutionalized Children

Background: The arena of child vulnerability is taking complex shapes in the new socio-cultural situations .Institution children are those who deserve special care and attention in order to fulfil their basic and secondary needs both with equal importance, which later on make an impact if it’s not satisfied. As humans are called as social being there are some expected qualities which makes us to be connected with each other in appositive way both in family and society. Empathy thus makes the people to be connected which further leads to form an interpersonal relationship. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of empathy among the participants and to assess the level of interpersonal relationship also the correlation between empathy and interpersonal relationship among institutionalised children, Materials and Methods: A total of 214 subjects aged 12-18 years were selected for study based on lottery method of Simple random sampling. The study was based on the Questions pertaining to socio-demographic profile of age, gender, mother tongue ,good friendship in the institution, educational qualification, situation before being in the institution ,interest in education and time period for being in the institution. The data collection was done in an interview schedule. The standardised tool used in the study was, the Self-esteem scale developed Life Skills Assessment Scale (LSAS) by A.Radhakrishnan Nair, R.Subasree & Sunitha Rajan. Results: The result shows that there is significant difference between the variable, having good friendship in the institution and Empathy also there is a positive correlation between Empathy and Interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: The result led to a conclusion that both empathy and interpersonal relationship has a common feature as both has difference in level of measurement among children by analysing its level through different socio demographic variables also there is a correlation between Empathy and Interpersonal relationship.

Level of Interpersonal Relationship among the Women Student-Teachers in Iraq

Level of Interpersonal Relationship among the Women Student-Teachers in Iraq

НЕГАТИВНАЯ ОЦЕНКА В АНГЛО-ЯЗЫЧНОЙ СТИЛИЗОВАННОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ: ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТНОГО РЕЧЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

The article deals with the functional aspect of negative assessment in English stylized colloquial speech. The authors aim at systematizing the options for response speech behaviour in terms of employed speech patterns, with special attention paid to extralinguistic causes for addressee’s conduct. Three response strategies are singled out, namely disregard, acceptance, and doubt in negative assessment. The authors also consider how a definite response depends on extralinguistic factors, such as level of interpersonal relationships, age parameter, and importance of the object under evaluation.

RETRAINING OF THE DISCHARGED AND THE ONES LEAVING ACTIVE MILITARY SERVICE AS A TOOL FOR THEIR SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY

The dynamic changes in the social environment marked by positive and negative effects of the priority factors at the macro – and micro level and at the level of interpersonal relationships in the process of social adaptation of servicemen discharged from military service, determine the current importance of the need to search for suitable approaches to the formation of key competencies in them, based on which they can find their realization in the new living conditions .

The impact of innovative learning environments on social competences of youth

The exponential development of learning environments supported by information and communication technology (ICT), coupled with new insights from the fields of cognitive and neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI), is a huge challenge for both the educational system and youths and their social competences. This article defines the impact of an effective use of contemporary education technologies on young people’s engagement and their interest in collaborating with their peers and teachers on the level of interpersonal relationships. It investigates the teachers’ and parents’ perspective on youth and their cooperation when using ICT in the pedagogical process. The study confirms that innovative didactic approaches to teaching, supported by ICT, exert a positive influence on the collaboration between students, as well as between students and their teachers, and that youths, teachers and parents are all equally aware of that. Parents and teachers have a unified position in support of the idea that an effective use of ICT makes a positive contribution to collaboration between students, and thereby directly affects an increase in their social competences. ICT is becoming one of the important variables that affect the development of young people’s social competences. The 2-year study was conducted in the framework of a national project.

Retraining of the Discharged and the Ones Leaving Active Military Service as a Tool for Their Social and Professional Mobility

The dynamic changes in the social environment marked by positive and negative effects of the priority factors at the macro – and micro level and at the level of interpersonal relationships in the process of social adaptation of servicemen discharged from military service, determine the current importance of the need to search for suitable approaches to the formation of key competencies in them, based on which they can find their realization in the new living conditions.

청소년의 대인관계와 우울, 불안의 관계에서 자기수용의 조절효과

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships which may exist between interpersonal relationships, depression, anxiety, and self-acceptance. This study also examines whether self-acceptance has any moderating effects on the relationships between interpersonal relationships, depression, and anxiety. The subjects of this study consisted of 400 high school students and the study focused on reporting their levels of interpersonal relationships, depression, anxiety, and self acceptance. The results indicate that depression and anxiety are negatively related to interpersonal relationships and self-acceptance. Interpersonal relationships are positively related to self acceptance. In other words, the more negative the interpersonal relationships, the greater the levels of depression and anxiety. The results also indicate that self-acceptance functions as a protective factor for high school students who have problems with depression and anxiety in their interpersonal relationships.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TEACHERS JOB SATISFACTION IN THE PROCESS OF ASSURING QUALITY EDUCATION

The aim of this research is to demonstrate the situation in teacher job satisfaction in the state and to study correlations between the job satisfaction of teachers and quality of education, thereby showing the importance of teachers’ emotional feelings in the process of assuring quality education. The research data were collected at 5 schools with high achievements of the pupils in the mandatory centralised national examinations and at 6 schools with low results demonstrated by the pupils. As a result of the research, it was concluded that teachers are mostly satisfied with the chosen profession. An analysis of the identified correlations between job satisfaction and quality of education showed that there is significant correlation between several levels of interpersonal relationships and various aspects of quality. The obtained results the significance of the pedagogical resource in provision of education as well as allows to identify the scales of teacher job satisfaction with lower ratings which should be improved to significantly improve the overall satisfaction of teachers with their job. Key words: job satisfaction, quality of education, teachers job satisfaction.

Theoretical Development and Elder Mistreatment: Spreading Awareness and Conceptual Complexity in Examining the Management of Socio-Emotional Boundaries

This paper critically examines the spread of awareness of elder abuse and neglect (mistreatment) and asks how this has occurred without an accompanying growth in theoretical understanding. Three areas of conceptual development are identified that acknowledge the special qualities of elder mistreatment. These include a focus at the level of interpersonal relationships, a recognition that situations are negotiated between adults and that age, either intergenerationally or between age peers is a significant factor in the form mistreatment takes. Rather than allowing definitional inflation, it is argued that theoretical boundaries are needed to allow the complex nature of mistreatment to become visible. Reactions to emotional ambivalence are proposed as an important area that helps explain the phenomenon, both conceptually and practically. Understanding the role of emotional ambivalence it is argued, would lead to sustainable solutions to the mistreatment of older people.

Types and functions of social relationships in the organizing of an international joint venture

This paper examines the use of social relationships in the organizing of a business network in the case of an international joint venture (IJV) developing over time. The organizing process and the multicultural setting of the international joint venture emphasize the actions of and interactions between individuals from various organizations. The IJV-managers' use of their social relationships in business organizing is explored through analysis of narratives of IJV-managers in a longitudinal single case to provide empirically grounded theory. From the in-depth interviews with IJV-managers the business relationships are identified as characterized by four possible levels of interpersonal relationships whose type influences the functions of the relationships and visa versa. One business relationship may contain only one or many of these interpersonal levels and an effective business relationship contains the appropriate interpersonal level for the business issue at hand.

From interactions to mental representations: Psychodynamic parent – infant therapy in a case of severe eating and sleep disorders

This paper describes the process of psychodynamic psychotherapy with an infant and his family, during a developmental phase in which the infant's mental organization was in transition from the level of interactions to representations. The treatment of a 23-month-old boy suffering from a severe sleeping and eating disorder was initiated in a parent – child psychotherapeutic setting. The sleep disorder was a consequence of separation anxiety. Additionally, phobic avoidance of new oral experiences led to an eating disorder. These symptoms had developed in the context of dysregulation of the triadic family relationships (mother – father – children), which tended to split into two-plus-one relationships. After one year, the setting was changed to alternating individual and family sessions. Due to his developing symbolic capacities, the boy was able to express his inner concerns and his internalised affect-laden experiences through play and actions. His internal world could now be addressed by interpretations. New psychodynamic theories and research results on early triadic development were taken as the theoretical background for the psychotherapeutic work. We understood the course of the treatment and the development of the transference/countertransference relationships in terms of processes of triadification (at the level of interpersonal relationships) and triangulation (at the level of intrapsychic representations).

Family structure or interpersonal relationships: the context for child development

SUMMARY. This article is based on an opening address given in March 1988 at the National Children's bureau conference on ‘Family fortunes: adapting support services for children in changing families’. It argues that the family is not a static unit impervious to outside influence and that on the contrary it is essential we understand the reasons why families change in certain respects and even try to anticipate such changes, as only then is it possible to target support services effectively. This should be done at the level of interpersonal relationships rather than family structure, for research on the determinants of child development has singled out this level as the crucial one