Hyperlipidemia Levels Research Articles

Correction of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic kidney disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease are public health concerns worldwide due to their increasing prevalence, adverse prognosis, and health care burden. The purpose of the study was to determine the probable effect of a combination of metformin, rosuvastatin, essential phospholipids and quercetin on the blood lipids, endothelial function, fibrinolysis system and platelet hemostasis, which are factors for the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Materials and methods. Studies were performed on the dynamics of treatment in 60 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease (stage I–III). Depending on the prescribed treatment at random, the examined patients were divided into 2 groups. Twenty-eight persons of the first group received a low-calorie diet with dietary restrictions, essential phospholipids, metformin hydrochloride, rosuvastatin. Thirty-two patients from the second group received quercetin in addition to similar dietary recommendations, essential phospholipids, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic therapy. The mean age of patients was 53.80 ± 3.52 years. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of the corresponding age. Results. To evaluate the degree of endothelial-protective effect of quercetin on the background of the recommended protocol therapy, markers of endothelial dysfunction, fibrinolysis and platelet hemostasis were studied. NO content significantly reduced (1.7 times) in patients of group 2 before treatment, increased by 1.5 times (p < 0.05). This can be explained by the effect of quercetin, as well as the use of metformin, which reduces the degree of insulin resistance and the level of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions. The effectiveness of a combination therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic kidney disease using essential phospholi­pids, statins and metformin with the addition of quercetin is higher than that of traditional therapy, as it significantly restores the functional state of the endothelium, eliminates the phenomena of hypercoagulation syndrome without the additional prescription of antiplatelet agents.

Effect of alpha-lactalbumin isolated from camel milk on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in experimental mice

This study investigated the effect of α-lactalbumin which isolated from camel milk (a-Lac) at 200 and 400 mcg/day against metabolic disorders hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in cholesterol-induced lipidemia for mice. Monitor vital signs as weight of body, fasting glucose in blood level was observe after every week until 8 week (1st 4wk adaption and abnormaling 2nd, 4wk during treatment investigated), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) level and biochemical parameters were were measured after the second 4wk in blood and serum samples, like lipid profiles, insulin resistance, Liver enzymes including ALT, AST, and ALP. The results showed that camel α-La contributed effectively to maintaining vital indicators within healthy limits, and caused decreases in the level of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It gave activity to liver enzymes. The results were with a clear statistical difference, Recommend the use of camel whey proteins and α-La in particular due to its abundance in camel milk and its therapeutic properties.

Normal and Near Normal Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Data Analysis: Two-Year Major Adverse Cardiac Event

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is the method most commonly used to assess patients with suspected coronary artery disease for the presence of myocardial ischemia and risk of subsequent adverse cardiac events. Studies are limited on the incidence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients with normal MPI results. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of MACE in patients with normal or near-normal MPI results. In this single-center retrospective chart review study, patients who had received MPI tests at a nuclear medicine department of a medical center in 2017 were consecutively enrolled. All of the participants in this study were patients with normal or near-normal MPI results, and were followed for two years to assess the incidence of MACE (death, hospitalized for percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, heart failure and stroke). Participants with or without MACE were compared to determine whether demographic, comorbidity, and MPI data were significant risk factors. Of the 1,629 participants (age = 70.4 ± 11.3 years, 49.4% male) enrolled, 387 (23.8%) were classified into the normal MPI group and 1,242 (76.2%) were classified into the near-normal MPI group. Notably, 61 participants (15.8%) in the normal MPI group and 206 (16.6%) in the near-normal MPI group experienced MACE events during the two-year follow-up. The risk factors of MACE identified in this study included being older in age, being male, and having poor myocardial perfusion parameters (i.e., ejection fraction) during MPI. Over the two-year study period, 15.8% of the participants with normal MPI results and 16.6% of those with near-normal MPI results experienced major adverse cardiac events. Thus, it is critical to inform patients regarding the potential risk of MACE risk and to educate them on how to mitigate this risk by actively managing their hyperlipidemia level and left ventricular ejection fraction.

Simvastatin intervention mitigates hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats.

Simvastatin promotes bone formation and increases bone mineral density in patients with hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced microstructure changes in the jaw bone of animals. However, whether and how treatment with simvastatin can modulate the hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of simvastatin application in hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption. The association between hyperlipidemia and alveolar bone resorption in 100 patients with periodontitis was examined. Additionally, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC) for 32 weeks or a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 24 weeks. The HCD-fed rats were randomized, continually fed with HCD and treated with vehicle saline (HC) or simvastatin by gavage (5 mg/kg; SIM, n=10/group) for 8 weeks. The morphological changes to alveolar bone resorption in rats were analyzed by linear measurements. The relative levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand RANKL, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 in the alveolar bone tissues were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Sulcus bleeding index (SBI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and the distance of cemantoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) in patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly greater than that in the controls (P<0.001). The levels of hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with the values of SBI, CAL, PD and CEJ-ABC in this population. Compared with the NC rats, higher levels of alveolar bone resorption, NF-κB expression, higher ratios of RANKL/OPG mRNA transcripts and LC3 to p62 expression were detected in the alveolar bone tissues of HC group. Simvastatin intervention significantly mitigated hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone loss and RANKL mRNA transcription, but increased the ratios of LC3/p62 protein expression in the alveolar bone tissues of rats. Hyperlipidemia is associated with alveolar bone resorption and simvastatin treatment alleviated the hypercholesterolemia-related alveolar bone loss by down-regulating the NF-κB expression.

The Different Relationship between Homocysteine and Uric Acid Levels with Respect to the MTHFR C677T Polymorphism According to Gender in Patients with Cognitive Impairment.

In an elderly population with cognitive impairment, we investigated the association between serum uric acid (sUA) and serum homocysteine (sHcy), known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. We also investigated the potential effect of the C677T polymorphism in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to the sUA level in different dementia types. Participants underwent a battery of tests including measurements of sUA, sHcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 as well as genotyping of the MTHFR locus. Data from 861 subjects (597 females to 264 males) were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia had lower serum folic acid and vitamin B12 and higher sUA than those with normal sHcy. sUA was significantly associated with serum creatinine, HbA1c, and sHcy regardless of gender. The TT genotype was found to be associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in both genders (p = 0.001). The levels of hyperlipidemia, sHcy, and sUA differed according to dementia subtypes. High sUA were associated with hyperhomocystenemia in TT genotype only in dementia with vascular lesion. This study reveals that sUA is positively associated with sHcy. We speculate that the two markers synergistically increase cerebrovascular burden and suggested that dietary intervention for sUA and sHcy would be helpful for cognitive decline with vascular lesion.

Interleukin-1β Regulates Lipid Homeostasis in Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells.

Recent studies have shown that hyperlipidemia is closely related to the progression of kidney disease and glomerulosclerosis has similar pathophysiological mechanisms with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is essentially a chronic inflammatory process and various kidney diseases are characterized by a micro-inflammatory state. Hyperlipidemia levels are not parallel to the degree of glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory factors together with lipids may contribute to the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, it is key to clarify lipid-mediated renal injury through studying the mechanism by which inflammation affects cholesterol homeostasis at the cellular level. Intracellular lipid homeostasis involves both lipid uptake and excretion, therefore in this study, we aimed to explore whether interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promotes the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) to increase in intracellular lipid levels, and to clarify the effect of IL-1β on the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which may regulate cholesterol homeostasis in human mesangial cells (HMCs). The effect of IL-1β on uptake of Ox-LDL labeled with fluorescent Dil (Dil-Ox-LDL) by HMCs was observed using laser confocal microscopy. The effect of IL-1β on LOX-1 and ABCA1 expression in HMCs was detected by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that HMCs took up Dil-Ox-LDL. Treatment of HMCs with 5 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h significantly increased uptake of Dil-Ox-LDL. IL-1β also promoted LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression were reduced by IL-1β in lipid-loaded HMCs in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1β promotes the uptake of Ox-LDL and expression of LOX-1 in HMCs, whereas it inhibits expression of ABCA1 under lipid load. The imbalance in intracellular cholesterol resulted by IL-1β can in turn transform HMCs into foam cells and aggravate glomerulosclerosis.

Level of hyperlipidemia in blood donors: A correlative study in North Indian population

BackgroundHyperlipidemia can be caused by abnormal elevation of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood. This increased can lead to heart disease. Risks which can be controlled include alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, high blood pressure and genetic factors. Markers of increased cardiovascular risk appear to be lower in regular blood donor compared with single time donors as reflected by significantly lower total cholesterol and LDL levels. And it has been thought that there will be a direct relationship between lower risks of Heart diseases with repeated blood donation. AimThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of blood donation on single time and repeat donors by assessing their lipid levels and their family history of heart diseases. Material & methodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on (n = 80) random blood donors from the department of Transfusion Medicine KGMU. ResultsA significant correlation was found amongst hyperlipidemic level in single time donor & repeat donors and in donors with family history of heart diseases (p < 0.05). A positive association was found between hyperlipidemia with donor's weight (p < 0.05). ConclusionScreening random donor platelets for hyperlipidemia and correlating the condition with other donor criteria like family history of heart diseases, types of donors, donors weight age and gender will help in making the patients safe as well as the donor deferral criteria more stringent to improve the quality of blood supply and will enable blood bankers to supply safe blood and improve the guidelines for blood safety.

Beetroot juice alleviates isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice (BRJ) is a good source of betalain (betacyanins and betaxanthin) pigments and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemo-preventive activities in vitro and in vivo. The current study was performed to determine the cardioprotective effect of BRJ on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, functional impairment, and histopathology in rats with isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial injury. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ISP (85mg/kg) s.c. injection at 24h intervals, followed by oral administration of BRJ for 28 days at doses of 150 and 300mg/kg. ISP-induced myocardial damage was confirmed by an increase in heart weight to body weight ratio, % infarction size, serum cardiac indices (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH and CK-MB), and histological alterations in the myocardium. Pretreatment with BRJ (150 and 300mg/kg) followed by ISP induction reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress and restored the cardiac endogenous antioxidants in rats. ISP augmented cardiac inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10), myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB DNA binding and protein expression of NF-κB (p65), and the hyperlipidemia level was significantly reduced by the BRJ pretreatment. Furthermore, the BRJ pretreatment significantly reduced caspase-3, Bax, and MMP-9 protein expression, enhanced the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein expression, alleviated the extent of histological damage, myonecrosis, and edema, and maintained the architecture of cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that BRJ pretreatment mitigates cardiac dysfunction and structural damages by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiac tissues. These results further support the use of BRJ in traditional medicine against cardiovascular diseases.

Vitamin D Deficiency is not Associated with Higher Levels of SYNTAX Score

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between serum vitamin D (vitD) level and SYNTAX (synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery) score (SS).MethodsThe medical records of consecutive patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were retrospectively reviewed. The study group consisted of 158 patients. Biochemical, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters and SS were evaluated in all patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to SS (≥23= high, <23= low).ResultsThe high SYNTAX score (HSS) group was older and had higher body mass index, C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein, and fasting plasma glucose level than the low SYNTAX score (LSS) group. The HSS group had lower high-density lipoprotein and vitD level than the LSS group. The HSS group had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), and current smoking patients than the LSS group. On univariate analysis, age, HT, DM, HL, smoking, CRP, and serum vitD level were associated with HSS. On multivariate analysis, HT, DM, and HL were independent predictors of HSS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.137, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.468-2.935, P<0.001; OR: 3.559, 95% CI: 2.763-5.927, P<0.001; OR: 2.631, 95% CI: 1.529-3.438, P<0.001; respectively).ConclusionIn our study, we have found out that HT, DM, and HL were independent predictors of HSS. Serum vitD level was not found to be an independent predictor of HSS.

The demographic and morbidity characteristics of a population receiving food support in Israel

BackgroundFood supply to poor populations is a big challenge, particularly in periods of economic stress and in an era of chronic diseases epidemics. In Israel more than 4000 poor families are currently receiving food support. Many of the food support products given to the family have low nutrient values, therefore not appropriately ensuring food security of the population.The aim of the current study was to examine for the first time the demographic, nutritional and chronic diseases profiles of food support beneficiaries, so as to aid in planning future food support components in Israel. In addition, the study examined associations between levels of food insecurity status and selected morbidities among food support recipients.MethodsIn 2016, 3000 families (classified as very poor) in 24 municipalities received food support in Israel from the “National Food Security Project” (NFSP), under the guidance of the National Food Security Council. The 400 new families who joined the program in 2016 were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the demographic and health characteristics of their families. Three hundred sixty-two of them completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 90%. The current study includes these families only.ResultsThe disposable income per capita of the surveyed families was very low – less than NIS 1100 a month ($280). About half the families were working families and 40% of them were in debt. Of the 362 responding families, about 82% of them were food insecure, with more than half severely food-insecure; this, despite receiving food support.About one-third of the families had at least one member with anemia, and a quarter of the families had a member with hyperlipidemia. Hypertension is present in about 22% of the families, diabetes in 17%, and there is a 12% incidence of at least one family member with heart disease. These rates are markedly higher than those in the general population. Higher levels of food insecurity were associated with higher levels of hyperlipidemia, heart disease and hypertension.Discussion and conclusionsThe nutrition and medical status of the population receiving food support is much worse than in the general population. There is a need to improve the nutritional value of food support; this could include greater emphasis on whole grains, fruits and vegetables. There is also a need for a nationwide education program to focus on healthy nutrition and to subsidize healthy foods. Many health and nutrition promotion models show that in order to effect changes in dietary habits and behaviors related to improving nutrition, there is a need for nutrition education (Kamp et al., J Nutr Educ Behav 42:72–82, 2010).

Antidiabetic effect of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of total polysaccharides extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus on type 2 diabetes. Rats were administered with high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. The rats were then treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg/d POP or vehicle for 4 weeks. Our experiments indicated that POP reduces hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia levels, improves insulin resistance, and increases glycogen storage by activating GSK3 phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, POP reduces the risk of oxidative damage by increasing superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities and decreasing malonaldehyde(MDA) level. These results suggest that POP exerts antidiabetic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The hypolipidemic activity of Poterium sanguisorba L.

Atherosclerosis is recognized as “non-infectious pandemic of the XXI-th century”. There is a wide range of drugs for correction of hyperlipidemia, as well as for the primary and secondary prevention of athe-rosclerosis complications. However, all known lipid-lowering drugs have many side effects. Herbal medicines have several advantages over synthetic monodrugs. In particular, due to the complex and balanced chemical composition and the rational combination of biologically active substances they have multifaceted effects on the body: on the one hand, they affect directly on the diseased area, and on the other hand, provide pharmacological correction of various functional systems. In this regard it is interesting to study triterpenoid compounds isolated from the plant material, which have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including the lipid-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering properties of the ethanol extract from Poterium sanguisorba L. (burnet salad) containing triterpenoid compounds in the underground part of the plant. The ethanol extract of Poterium sanguisorba L. underground part was studied for the hypolipidemic activity in the acute model of hyperlipidemia induced by injecting a single dose of Tween-80 (250 mg/kg) intraperitonially to rats. In 8 h the blood samples were taken, and the level of hyperlipidemia was assessed. Daily white mature Wistar rats were orally treated with the extract in two doses: 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg for 7 days, the last injection was together with Tween-80. As a reference drug nicotinic acid (30 mg/kg) was used. At the end of the study the serum levels of the total cholesterol, triglycerides and the total lipids were measured. Determination was performed using enzymatic methods. The results of the study conducted have confirmed the hypolipidemic activity of Poterium sanguisorba L. extract under conditions of acute hyperlipidemia.

High expression level of Toll-like receptor 2 on monocytes is an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic disease

BackgroundToll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns to initiate an innate immune response. We previously reported upregulation of TLR2 expression level on monocytes of stable angina pectoris patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) relative to control patients without significant CAD. In this study we aimed to determine whether high level of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a risk factor for atherogenesis, independent of established risk factors including smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and hyperlipidemia (HL). MethodsTLR2 expression level on circulating monocyte surfaces was measured by using our developed flow cytometry assay. Patients were classified into two groups: “Arteriosclerotic disease” group (n=108) and “Control” group (n=70). Patients of the first group had arteriosclerotic disease such as CAD, aortic aneurysm, or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The “Control” group was sex- and age-matched to the “Arteriosclerotic disease” group. ResultsTLR2 expression was significantly higher in the “Arteriosclerotic disease” group than in the “Control” group (p<0.001). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed; other known risk factors, which were represented to two nominal score points, 0 or 1, for patients with and without it, respectively, and TLR2 level, which was treated as a metric variable. DM (p=0.002), HT (p=0.001), HL (p<0.001), and TLR2 level (p<0.001) were identified as significant contributors for arteriosclerotic disease. ConclusionsHigh TLR2 expression level on monocytes may be an independent risk factor for atherogenesis.