Levels Of Hyperactivity Research Articles

Exploring the impact of probiotics on adult ADHD management through a double-blind RCT.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric condition often persisting into adulthood, characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Emerging research suggests a connection between ADHD and gut microbiota, highlighting probiotics as potential therapeutic agents. This study involved a double-blind, randomized controlled trial where college students with ADHD received either a multi-strain probiotic supplement or a placebo daily for three months. ADHD symptoms were evaluated using a computerized performance test (MOXO) and the MATAL questionnaire. Academic records provided performance data. Additionally, eating and sleeping habits, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anthropometrics were assessed through questionnaires before and after the intervention. Fingernail cortisol concentrations (FCC) measured the long-term activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The findings indicated that the probiotic significantly decreased hyperactivity, improved gastrointestinal symptoms, and enhanced academic performance. A multivariate analysis identified age as a significant predictor, with younger participants experiencing greater overall benefits from the intervention. There was also a negative correlation between FCC and symptoms of attention and impulsivity. Furthermore, higher academic grades were associated with lower levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity. These results suggest a beneficial impact of probiotics on ADHD symptoms and lay the groundwork for further studies to evaluate the effects of various probiotic strains on clinical outcomes in ADHD.

Asymmetry of attentive networks contributes to adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathophysiology.

Diffusion imaging studies in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have revealed alterations in anatomical brain connections, such as the fronto-parietal connection known as superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Studies in neurotypical adults have shown that the three SLF branches (SLF I, II, III) support distinct brain functions, such as attention and inhibition; and that their pattern of lateralization is associated with attention performance. However, most studies in ADHD have investigated the SLF as a single bundle and in children; thus, the potential contribution of the lateralization of the SLF branches to adult ADHD pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. We used diffusion-weighted spherical deconvolution tractography to dissect the SLF branches in 60 adults with ADHD (including 26 responders and 34 non-responders to methylphenidate, MPH) and 20 controls. Volume and hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA), which respectively reflect white matter macro- and microstructure, were extracted to calculate the corresponding lateralization indices. We tested whether neurotypical controls differed from adults with ADHD, and from treatment response groups in sensitivity analyses; and investigated associations with clinico-neuropsychological profiles. All the three SLF branches were lateralized in adults with ADHD, but not in controls. The lateralization of theSLFI HMOA was associated with performance at the line bisection, not that of the SLF II volume as previously reported in controls. Further, an increased left-lateralization of the SLF I HMOA was associated with higher hyperactivity levels in the ADHD group. Thus, an altered asymmetry of the SLF, perhaps especially of the dorsal branch, may contribute to adult ADHD pathophysiology.

Impaired Reactive Control But Preserved Proactive Control in Hyperactive Children

Objective: To examine the manifestation of cognitive control deficit of children with different levels of hyperactivity, an “at risk” dimension for ADHD. Method: A group of children with high hyperactivity (N = 40) and another group of children with low levels of hyperactivity (N = 38) performed a modified stop-signal anticipation task, a revised Go/NoGo task, and the AX-continuous performance test (AX-CPT). Results: Children with higher levels of hyperactivity displayed: (1) significantly prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT) in the modified stop-signal anticipation task; (2) no notable differences in commission errors in the revised Go/NoGo task; (3) increased reaction time (RT) in stop-signal task and Go/NoGo task with increased probabilities of stop or NoGo signal; and (4) positive proactive behavioral index scores in AX-CPT. Conclusion: The results suggested that children with heightened hyperactivity exhibited impaired reactive control, especially for responses already underway, but preserved proactive control. Further studies concerning these children are warranted.

Sex Differences in Youth with Chronic Tic Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: Evaluation of Tic Severity, Psychological Profiles, and Quality of Life.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and Chronic Tic Disorder (CT) are neurodevelopmental conditions involving motor and/or phonic tics. Youth with tics may encounter feelings of isolation, diminished self-esteem and quality of life, and academic difficulties. A growing body of scientific literature suggests sex differences in youth with tics, but findings have been mixed so far. Because symptom severity peaks around puberty, understanding sex differences in tic manifestations and associated symptoms during this critical period is essential. Therefore, we aimed to assess sex differences related to tic symptoms, action planning styles, quality of life, and externalizing/internalizing symptoms in youth with tics. Methods: Our sample consisted of 66 youths with tics (19 girls) aged 7-14 (mean = 10 years). Youths were assessed with clinical interviews, as well as self- and parent-reported inventories evaluating tic symptoms, psychological profiles, and quality of life. Results: While no differences in tic symptoms were found, girls exhibited lower functional inflexibility, reduced overall functional planning effectiveness, and higher impairment in the psychological well-being subscale than boys. Additionally, girls had reduced general life satisfaction and social self-esteem. Boys reported more explosive outbursts, higher levels of hyperactivity, and more difficulties with self-concept. Conclusions: Our analyses suggested differences in several manifestations associated with tics. This introduces new perspectives that refine our understanding of sex differences. A better understanding of sex differences in tic disorders may eventually improve outcomes for all individuals living with these conditions.

Clarifying the relationship and analyzing the influential factors of bronchial asthma in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Bronchial asthma is closely related to the occurrence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, which can easily have adverse effects on children's learning and social interactions. Studies have shown that childhood asthma can increase the risk of ADHD and the core symptoms of ADHD. Compared with children with ADHD alone, children with asthma and ADHD are more likely to show high levels of hyperactivity, hyperactive-impulsive and other externalizing behaviors and anxiety in clinical practice and have more symptoms of somatization and emotional internalization. To explore the relationship between ADHD in children and bronchial asthma and to analyze its influencing factors. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dongying People's Hospital from September 2018 to August 2023. Children diagnosed with ADHD at this hospital were selected as the ADHD group, while healthy children without ADHD who underwent physical examinations during the same period served as the control group. Clinical and parental data were collected for all participating children, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for comorbid asthma in children with ADHD. Significant differences were detected between the ADHD group and the control group in terms of family history of asthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status (P < 0.05). Out of the 183 children in the ADHD group, 25 had comorbid asthma, resulting in a comorbidity rate of 13.66% (25/183), compared to the comorbidity rate of 2.91% (16/549) among the 549 children in the control group. The difference in the asthma comorbidity rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of asthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status are independent risk factors increasing the risk of comorbid asthma in children with ADHD (P < 0.05). Children with ADHD were more likely to have comorbid asthma than healthy control children were. A family history of asthma, adverse maternal factors during pregnancy, and parental relationship status were identified as risk factors influencing the comorbidity of asthma in children with ADHD. Clinically, targeted interventions based on these factors can be implemented to reduce the risk of comorbid asthma. This information is relevant for results sections of abstracts in scientific articles.

Major clinical implications of adequate nutrition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inappropriate levels of impulsive behavior, hyperactivity, and/or inattention, with a worldwide prevalence estimated at around 7% in childhood and adolescence, and around 3 % in adulthood, with a higher prevalence in boys than in girls. Objective: It was to present the main clinical implications of adequate nutrition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The research was carried out from January to March 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 84 articles were found, 21 articles were evaluated, and 14 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 19 studies with a high risk of bias and 30 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=62.8%&gt;50%. Intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fatty acids daily for 8 weeks is associated with less impulsive behavior in children with ADHD. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduces ADHD symptoms in both individuals with ADHD and typically developing children. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS results, although our results are not conclusive in this population. The daily intake of calories and nutrients in patients taking methylphenidate is generally lower than in a healthy population of similar age. Co-supplementation of vitamin D and magnesium over 8 weeks may improve behavioral function and mental health in children with ADHD.

ADHD: Development of a printable poster for parents, teachers and healthcare professionals

IntroductionADHD is a very frequent reason for consultation in child psychiatry. It affects 2.5% of children and 5% of adults. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is based on medication combined with psychosocial interventions.ObjectivesDevelop an ADHD guide for caregivers.MethodsWe carried out a literature review covering the last 5 years using the google scholar and pubmed search engines, including the key words ADHD, in order to produce a printable guide for caregivers working with children, in particular school teachers and healthcare personnel.ResultsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5% of school-age children.It is characterized by abnormally high levels of developmental inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, leading to impaired personal, social, academic or occupational functioning. Because of its pervasiveness, ADHD can interfere negatively with general well-being, as well as with social life, academic performance and the development of social skills, which can lead to low self-esteem.ADHD has multiple etiologies. It is thought to be due to a complex interaction between genes and environment. In fact, genetic vulnerability predisposes to the disorder which, under the influence of an unfavorable environment, expresses itself in clinical symptoms represented by 2 dimensions: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.Diagnosis is essentially clinical, and treatment is based on medication combined with psychosocial interventions.ConclusionsADHD is one of the most frequently encountered disorders in general practice, pediatrics and child psychiatry. Early recognition of the disorder enables appropriate management, while limiting the impact of the disease on the functioning of the young person and his or her family.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Worsening symptoms in ADHD children caused by increased parental stress before, during and after Covid-19

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by high levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are present before the age of seven, seen in a variety of situations, inconsistent with the child’s developmental level and that cause social or academic damage. Parents may respond with high levels of verbal aggression and disciplinary measures to disruptive behaviors, which causes their children to respond negatively, influencing a bidirectional process of participating of a vicious circle. The pandemic has been a huge battle for everyone. Their anxiety in this extraordinary situation can also increase the children’s psychological and behavioral problems.ObjectivesThis literature review aims to explore the connection between the increase of parental stress among parents of ADHD children and worsening symptoms of ADHD, before and during COVID-19 outbreaks.MethodsThe literature review was performed by searching the following electronic databases (for all available years from 2005-2021): PubMed, PubMed Central, Springer Open, Hindawi, Google Scholar. We included studies with a primary focus on parenting stress in families that have children, aged 6-12 years old, with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD that was made by a specialist using the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III/DSM-IV/DSM-V or ICD-10. The search was organized in chronological order by selecting studies published in the time period before,during and after the pandemic.ResultsParents of children with ADHD tend to use inappropriate parenting styles, they are more disapproving, critical and exhibit poorer monitoring and more corporal punishment than parents of children without ADHD who try to control disruptive behaviors. These parenting styles can affect the course of the disease, worsen its manifestations and cause the secondary development of psychiatric and maladaptive behaviors. In some of the studies,during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, is observed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (62.5%) among caregivers, while 20.5% and 36.4% indicated anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively.Some parents reported deterioration of general well-being in their children and this manifested as oppositional/defiant attitudes and emotional outbursts, sleep problems and anxiety in this context.ConclusionsThe pandemic has had psychological influences on parents with ADHD that affected their children’s compliance with the medication and, consequently worsened their symptomatology. Society can be exposed to chronic stressors like Covid-19 anytime soon, so the main focus must be identifying needs to inform future interventions designed to support parents and ultimately their children. Psychoeducation of parents should be promoted in order to cope with the symptomatology of ADHD in the field of normality or under a chronic stressor.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Association between Family Functioning, Child Emotional and Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on people of all ages, especially children. This is a cross-sectional study in Thailand to explore the emotional and behavioral problems of school-aged children and associated factors during the lockdown. An online survey was conducted with 942 parents of school-age children. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores showed that total difficulties and all subscale difficulties (hyperactivity, conduct problems, peer problems, and emotional problems) were increased, whereas prosocial behaviors were decreased in the pandemic period. The factors significantly associated with higher parental stress were higher emotional and peer problems after the COVID-19 outbreak, high family difficulty, and sleep problems. Sleep problems were associated with all children's difficulties, except prosocial behavior. High score in family difficulty subscale was associated with increased emotional problems, whereas poor family communication was associated with increased hyperactivity. Appetite change was negatively associated with parental stress and some children's difficulties. Higher household income, family time, physical activities, and recreational activities were associated with a decreased level of some difficulties and family functioning problems, but positively with an increase in the prosocial behavior of children. Additionally, higher screen time was associated with a higher level of hyperactivity, conduct problems, and poor family communication. This study demonstrated that Thai children were at high risk of developing mental health problems during the pandemic lockdown. We suggest that intervention to promote physical activities and reduce screen time is needed. Moreover, efficient monetary policy is urgently required. The limitations here include a recall bias with no baseline to compare and a potential selection bias due to parental selection and a webpage announcement.

Analysis of Hypnotherapy Method in Changing Fighting Behavior of Children Playing at SDN Jango Elementary School, Central Lombok Regency

According to WHO in Indonesia there are 8-10% of children with special needs. Children with special needs have a lower level of health in play than normal children. Based on a survey in Velezuelan and a study in Malaysia, autistic children have calculus with poor criteria. Autism is one of the complex disorders of child development. Autistic children have problems with their behavior, one of which is hyperactivity or hyperactivity. Hypnotherapy is a method of treatment and healing commonly known as hypnosis. Hypnosis is one therapy that is expected to reduce the level of hyperactivity and cooperation in children playing around their environment at school. This study aims to analyze the Hypnotherapy Method in Changing the Fighting Behavior of Children Playing in SDN Jango Elementary School, Central Lombok Regency. This study used descriptive qualitative method. As a result, although hypnotherapy can be an effective tool in improving one's mental well-being, it is important to consider individual needs and preferences as well as consult a qualified professional before using this method.

Studi Komparatif Tingkat Hiperaktif Pada Diet Gluten Free, Casein Free Anak Autis Di SLB Briliant Kota Batam

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has certain characteristics. One of them is the diagnosis of autistic comorbidity, namely Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), nonpharmacological treatments are considered quite effective including dietary interventions. Hyperactive behavior in autistic children that has an impact in the form of difficulty in poor attention span to impulsiveness. Gluten free diet, casein free diet is recommended in the application of therapy in autistic people, this diet is one type of complementary therapy, which is carried out by regulating consumption patterns in autistic children. Objective: to determine the difference in the level of hyperactivity of autistic children between groups who apply gluten free, casein free diet with not applying gluten free, casein free diet. Method: comparative study by looking at the comparison between two groups with a total sampling technique of 20 people. Results: The level of hyperactivity in children on a gluten free diet, casein free as many as 9 (45%) respondents and 11 (55%) respondents did not do a gluten free diet, casein free obtained Mann Whitney U test results with a p-value of 0.027 where the p-value &lt;0.05 or (0.027&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Autistic children who apply a gluten free, casein free diet seem to have quite good attention than autistic children who do not apply a gluten free casein free diet. Suggestion: It is hoped that parents who have autistic children can adopt a gluten free diet, casein free as an alternative therapy.

Pleiotropic contribution of rbfox1 to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in two zebrafish models

RBFOX1 is a highly pleiotropic gene that contributes to several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Both rare and common variants in RBFOX1 have been associated with several psychiatric conditions, but the mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic effects of RBFOX1 are not yet understood. Here we found that, in zebrafish, rbfox1 is expressed in spinal cord, mid- and hindbrain during developmental stages. In adults, expression is restricted to specific areas of the brain, including telencephalic and diencephalic regions with an important role in receiving and processing sensory information and in directing behaviour. To investigate the contribution of rbfox1 to behaviour, we used rbfox1sa15940, a zebrafish mutant line with TL background. We found that rbfox1sa15940 mutants present hyperactivity, thigmotaxis, decreased freezing behaviour and altered social behaviour. We repeated these behavioural tests in a second rbfox1 mutant line with a different genetic background (TU), rbfox1del19, and found that rbfox1 deficiency affects behaviour similarly in this line, although there were some differences. rbfox1del19 mutants present similar thigmotaxis, but stronger alterations in social behaviour and lower levels of hyperactivity than rbfox1sa15940 fish. Taken together, these results suggest that mutations in rbfox1 lead to multiple behavioural changes in zebrafish that might be modulated by environmental, epigenetic and genetic background effects, and that resemble phenotypic alterations present in Rbfox1-deficient mice and in patients with different psychiatric conditions. Our study, thus, highlights the evolutionary conservation of rbfox1 function in behaviour and paves the way to further investigate the mechanisms underlying rbfox1 pleiotropy on the onset of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.

Distraction by vocal anger in children and adolescents with hyperactivity

ABSTRACT Children with inattention and hyperactivity often present difficulties in recognising anger from voices. Research has shown enhanced brain activity (N100) to vocal anger, possibly reflecting preattentive hyper-vigilance to vocal anger, in children with ADHD. In this study, we investigated the preattentive processing of vocal anger, by testing whether children with inattention and hyperactivity are distracted by task-irrelevant vocal anger stimuli. A total of 194 participants (50 adults, 51 adolescents, 93 children) participated in a cross-modal oddball paradigm wherein emotional (angry, happy) voices were oddballs and neutral voices were standard in a visual categorisation task. Questionnaires measures screened for inattention and hyperactivity. Reaction times measures demonstrated that overall, hyperactivity predicted slower performance via distraction by threat-related (angry) stimuli. The results suggest that vocal anger can capture attention in a pre-attentive (automatic) way in children with high levels of inattention and hyperactivity. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed.

Prader-Willi syndrome in a large sample from Spain: general features, obesity and regular use of psychotropic medication.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetically determined disorder, the most frequent cause of early onset obesity, is associated with physical and cognitive dysfunctions and behavioural disturbances; these disturbances are frequently treated with psychotropic medication. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of the first large national sample of persons with PWS in Spain and analyse the relationships of those characteristics with key demographic and clinical factors, particularly with obesity and the regular use of psychotropic medication. Participants were recruited among all members of the Spanish Prader-Willi Association who agreed to take part in the study and fulfilled its inclusion criteria. Family and patient demographic features, family size and birth order, intelligence quotient (IQ), anthropometric measures, lifestyle habits, behavioural disturbances (with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist) and clinical data, as well as use of psychotropic drugs and their side effects (with the UKU scale), were collected in genetically confirmed cases of PWS. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used for determining the associations of demographic and clinical factors with both obesity and the regular use of psychotropic medication. The cohort included 177 participants (aged 6-48years), that is, 90 (50.8%) males and 87 (49.2%) females. Behavioural disturbances were present in a range of 75% to 93% of participants; psychotropic medication was prescribed to 81 (45.8%) of them. Number of siblings showed a direct correlation with IQ, especially among males, and inappropriate speech was more intense in only-child females. Obesity was, in parallel, strongly associated with ascending age and with not being currently under growth hormone (GH) treatment. Participants taking any psychotropic medication were characterised by more frequent age ≥30years, high level of hyperactivity and a psychiatric diagnosis. Characterisation of persons with PWS in Spain confirms their physical and behavioural phenotype and supports the long-term application of GH therapy and the rational use of psychotropic medication.

Maternal Parenting Practices and Psychosocial Adjustment of Primary School Children

This study was aimed at evaluating the associations between maternal parenting practices (positive, negative/inconsistent, and punitive), children’s difficulties (such as conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer problems, and hyperactivity), and prosocial behaviors. Participants were 131 Italian mothers of primary school children; mothers were aged between 26 and 52 years (M = 38.38, SD = 5.46); children (54% girls) were aged between 6 and 10 years (M = 7.15, SD = 0.98). Mothers completed two scales assessing their parenting practices and their children’s psychosocial adjustment. A path analysis was run to test the hypothesized model. The results showed the following: (a) maternal positive parenting was negatively and significantly related to children’s conduct problems and hyperactivity, and positively and significantly to children’s prosocial behavior; (b) maternal negative/inconsistent parenting was positively and significantly related to children’s conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and hyperactivity; (c) maternal punitive parenting was positively and significantly related to children’s conduct problems and emotional symptoms. Moreover, the results showed that, according to the mothers’ perceptions, boys tended to exhibit higher levels of hyperactivity and peer problems and lower levels of prosocial behaviors than girls. Overall, this study highlights the unique role of different maternal parenting practices in the psychosocial adjustment of primary school children.

Living on with autism after a devastating earthquake: experiences of children and adolescents in Turkey

Introduction The current study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of the Turkey 2023 earthquakes on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents residing in Hatay, Sanlıurfa, and Ankara provinces, encompassing the periods both before and after the Turkey 2023 earthquakes. Method This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 103 children and adolescents with ASD aged between 6 and 18. Participants were evaluated based on their residence in Ankara, Hatay, and Sanlıurfa, three cities affected differently by the earthquake. Parent-report questionnaires were utilized to assess the children’s autism symptoms and behavioural problems. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale was used to determine autism severity. The psychiatric problems of mothers were also assessed with self-report scales. Results Significantly increased levels of core autism symptoms, irritability, and hyperactivity were found in Hatay and Sanlıurfa participants after the earthquakes compared to before, while no differences were detected in children from the Ankara group. Scale score increases in the Hatay group, which had to take a more extended break from special education, were higher than in the Sanlıurfa group. Participants with late-diagnosed ASD exhibited a more significant increase in their scale scores after the earthquake. Depression, stress and hopelessness scores were the highest, and the life satisfaction levels were the lowest in mothers of the Hatay and Sanlıurfa groups. More pronounced increases were observed in aberrant behaviours among children of mothers with low educational levels following the earthquake. Discussion Our findings demonstrate that the exacerbation of core ASD symptoms and behavioural deterioration after the earthquakes are associated with disruptions in specialized education services, exposure to earthquake-related trauma, and the educational level of mothers.

Adgrl3.1-deficient zebrafish show noradrenaline-mediated externalizing behaviors, and altered expression of externalizing disorder-candidate genes, suggesting functional targets for treatment

Externalizing disorders (ED) are a cause of concern for public health, and their high heritability makes genetic risk factors a priority for research. Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor L3 (ADGRL3) is strongly linked to several EDs, and loss-of-function models have shown the impacts of this gene on several core ED-related behaviors. For example, adgrl3.1−/− zebrafish show high levels of hyperactivity. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which this gene influences behavior is incomplete. Here we characterized, for the first time, externalizing behavioral phenotypes of adgrl3.1−/− zebrafish and found them to be highly impulsive, show risk-taking in a novel environment, have attentional deficits, and show high levels of hyperactivity. All of these phenotypes were rescued by atomoxetine, demonstrating noradrenergic mediation of the externalizing effects of adgrl3.1. Transcriptomic analyses of the brains of adgrl3.1−/− vs. wild-type fish revealed several differentially expressed genes and enriched gene clusters that were independent of noradrenergic manipulation. This suggests new putative functional pathways underlying ED-related behaviors, and potential targets for the treatment of ED.

User satisfaction in child and adolescent mental health service: Comparison of background, clinical and service predictors for adolescent and parent satisfaction.

To improve quality, child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are expected to quantify families' views on healthcare with user satisfaction measures. As little is known about what influences satisfaction in CAMHS, this study aimed to examine predictors of adolescents' and parents' user satisfaction. Data from 231 adolescents and 495 parents in treatment at an outpatient clinic who returned a user satisfaction measure, the Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ), was analyzed. Registry data on background, clinical and service characteristics were predictors for the ESQ factors general satisfaction, satisfaction with care and satisfaction with environment. In regression models, satisfaction with care for adolescents (r2 = .12) was significant and was predicted by low parent-self-reported mental health burden and low clinician-rated overall symptom burden at intake. For parents, regression models for general satisfaction (r2 = .07), satisfaction with care (r2 = .06) and satisfaction with environment (r2 = .08) were significant. Parents general satisfaction was predicted by higher levels of hyperactivity, less family stress and longer travelling distances to the service. Satisfaction with care for parents was predicted by higher levels of hyperactivity at intake and longer travelling distances. Satisfaction with environment for parents was more likely if the adolescents was a boy, with low levels of family stress and longer travelling distances. Predictors for adolescentand parent user satisfaction in CAMHS differ. Hence, to improve quality CAMHS should enhance focus on collaborative practice with parents, and person-centred care for adolescents with moderate to severe mental health illness. Representatives from the hospitals' youth panel and the non-governmental organization called The Change Factory have been consulted regarding study design and results.

Universal Design for Learning for Children with ADHD.

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that shows developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. Symptoms begin at a young age and usually include a lack of attention, poor concentration, disorganization, difficulty completing tasks, forgetfulness, and losing things. It is important to diagnose and treat the disorder at a young age so that the symptoms do not persist into adulthood and cause other comorbid conditions. Learning difficulties, motor impairment, anxiety, or depressive disorders may occur with this condition. To improve the academic careers of children with ADHD, we focused on a specific innovative educational approach (Universal Design for Learning) that could improve basic learning skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic skills) to prevent or manage any learning difficulty that could occur with ADHD. The Universal Design for Learning is an individualized approach that combines current neuroscientific knowledge, creating personalized teaching based on the strengths and weaknesses of the student. The goal of this study is to analyze the impact that this approach has on basic learning abilities. We found that both interventions led to improvements in test performance, indicating that interventions were necessary to enhance reading, writing, and arithmetic skills. Furthermore, the group that received an educational intervention based on Universal Design for Learning demonstrated a more significant improvement in these areas. Additionally, we propose that the set of techniques implemented by teachers in the classroom helped children to read, write, and perform math tasks correctly and more fluently.

A preliminary 'shortlist' of individual, family, and social-community assets to promote resilience in pediatric ADHD

BackgroundUnderstanding factors that promote resilience in pediatric ADHD is important though highly understudied. Aims: The current study sought to provide a preliminary ‘shortlist’ of key individual, family, and social-community assets among children with ADHD. Methods and Procedures: The study included well-characterized, clinically-evaluated samples of children with (n=108) and without ADHD (n=98) ages 8–13 years (M=10.31; 41.3% girls; 66.5% White/Non-Hispanic). All subsets regression and dominance analysis identified the subset of predictors that accounted for the most variance in broad-based resilience for children with ADHD and their relative importance. Findings were compared for children with versus without ADHD as preliminary evidence regarding the extent to which identified assets are promotive, protective, or conditionally helpful. Outcomes and Results: Higher levels of peer acceptance, social skills, and academic performance were top predictors of resilience among children with ADHD. Better child working memory, attention, higher levels of hyperactivity, older age, and fewer parent self-reported mental health concerns were also identified as predictors of resilience in ADHD. Both overlapping and unique factors were associated with resilience for children with versus without ADHD. Conclusions and Results: These results, if replicated, provide a strong preliminary basis for strength-based basic/applied research on key assets that promote resilience in ADHD.