Concentration Levels Of Heavy Metals Research Articles

Effects of heavy metal concentration on zooplankton community composition and abundance in the Yellow Sea coast

The coastal area of the Yellow Sea is a highly urbanized and industrialized region in China, which has been severely polluted because of intensive human activities. And the heavy metals (HMs) pollution has posed a serious threat to aquatic environments and ecosystem health. However, most studies have focused on the toxicity and bio-accumulation of HMs in zooplankton, while neglecting their effects on the overall community structure. To address the gap in this field, four research cruises was conducted in 2022 to analyze the concentrations of representative HMs (Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in surface seawater along the Yellow Sea coast, as well as the composition and abundance of zooplankton communities, aiming to assess the potential ecological impacts in the region. The results indicated that the concentrations of the six HMs in the seawater were in the low to moderate range. Analytical results showed that Zn and As were key metals influencing the abundance and community composition of zooplankton along the Yellow Sea coast: an increase in Zn concentration, coupled with a decrease in As concentration, was associated with an increase in total zooplankton abundance and a more diverse community. The most frequently occurring zooplankton in the survey were copepods, which exhibited a higher tolerance to HMs. Additionally, the significant fluctuations of Zn, As, and Hg during spring and autumn led to explosive growth of Noctiluca scintillans. We observed that the influence of HMs on marine zooplankton was not isolated but rather interacts with multiple factors. Overall, this study highlights the possibility of alterations in marine ecological structures due to changes in HMs concentration levels. It underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in the Yellow Sea for the long-term protection of marine ecosystems.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN THE STRAITS OF JOHOR: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON WATER, SEDIMENT, AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Johor Straits' marine water quality in the vicinity of Kampung Pasir Putih. Aquatic life and aquaculture operations are at risk due to the negative consequences of land use changes and increased discharge of household, agricultural, and industrial waste, as the investigation found. The distribution and concentration levels of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in crabs, mussels, and sediment samples were particularly investigated in this study. For Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb, the corresponding mean concentration values in the entire body of the crabs and mussels were 60.4 to 256.5 mg/g, 21.8 to 50.3 mg/g, 1.6 to 4.5 mg/g, and 8.2 to 23.7 mg/g dry weight. Zn and Cu continuously had greater concentrations than the other elements, although the distribution patterns of these metals differed between sampling stations. The average amounts of heavy metals in the sediment samples ranged from 17.7 to 147.1 mg/g, 17.7 to 155 mg/g, 2.4 to 5.3 mg/g, and 9.8 to 14.5 mg/g dry weight for zinc, copper, lead, and mercury, in that order. The study showed that when development increases, water quality decreases and marine organisms accumulate more heavy metals. The range of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, varying from 1.36 to 6.71 mg/L, exhibited a correlation with the accumulation of heavy metals.

Comparative Analysis of Locally Sourced Adsorbents for Iponda and Idominasi, Abandoned Gold Mine Wastewater Bioremediation in Osun State, Nigeria

This study investigates and compares the effects of Neem leaf (NL) and coconut husk (CCH) adsorbents in reducing the levels of heavy metal concentration and elemental content in wastewater from two specific abandoned gold mining sites, namely Iponda (Iponda wastewater- IPWW) (longitude 4°43'18''E, Latitude 7°43'57''N ) and Idominasi (Idominasi wastewater -IDWW) (longitude 4°42'0''E, Latitude 7°40'59''N). Preparation of locally sourced adsorbents, bioremediation process through adsorption and physico-chemical analysis of the treated wastewater samples were carried out. Adsorbents were prepared from washed, air-dried neem leaves, grinded to 40 microns size to facilitate penetration of the adsorbate. In addition, washed and airdried CCH was carbonized in an electric muffle furnace at between 300 0C and 350 0C over a period of 30 minutes, and then granulated and sieved with a mesh size of 40 µm to ensure uniform size. Measured dosages of adsorbent (0.5 g, 0.75 g, and 1 g) were added to a 50 ml volume of wastewater and the mixture was agitated at different speeds ranging from 30 rpm to 120 rpm. The treated wastewater samples were then subjected to various physico-chemical analytical tests to determine the effect of the adsorbents on the reduction of the heavy metal concentration and elemental content of the wasted water samples. The results of this study demonstrate that both NL and CCH adsorbents have a significant impact on the wastewater from the two abandoned gold mining sites, IPWW and IDWW. This impact is reflected in the reduction of heavy metal and other element concentrations in the wastewater. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the bioremediation process is more effective when utilizing NL compared to carbonized CCH. Locally sourced cheap non-edible biomass materials hitherto considered as wastes have proved to be highly effective and efficient when used as adsorbents in the treatment of wastewater from abandoned gold mining sites. This is evident from the results obtained from this study.

A comprehensive environmental analysis of heavy metal contamination, ecological risks and health impacts in Ilokun area, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Heavy metal contamination in ecosystems is a global environmental and health concern. This study assessed the ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution in farmland, dumpsite, stream land, and plant roots in Ilokun, Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Samples were collected from different locations and analyzed for levels of heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Various pollution indices such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, and geo-accumulation index were employed. Ecological risk methods were used to investigate the pollution status, heavy metal sources, and health risks associated with urban soil. The results showed that the concentrations of these metals exceeded permissible levels at most sampling sites, indicating significant contamination of the samples. Manganese, Cu, Pb, and Zn were the dominant metals in our study, and overall, the following trend: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd. The contamination factor revealed that Cu, Zn showed moderate contamination, and Pb, Ni, and Mn showed high soil contamination. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that Pb and Ni were associated with high risks due to anthropogenic influences related to coal combustion, vehicle exhausts, and automobile brakes. The findings indicate severe heavy metal media enrichment in the study area, which may lead to adverse ecological effects and health risks.

Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil-plant systems and health risks from wastewater-irrigated vegetables

A research study examined the origins, human health impacts, and risks associated with pollutants in vegetables grown in soil irrigated with wastewater. The study analyzed 164 samples from water sources, irrigated soil, and harvested vegetables for eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The focus was on the potential health effects of consuming heavy metal-contaminated vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soil. The findings revealed significant accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants from Mianwali, Pakistan, posing potential health risks to consumers. When compared to vegetables produced with freshwater irrigation, the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil irrigated with untreated wastewater were significantly greater (P≤0.001) and above the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results showed that heavy metals in the soil had significantly increased, and crops had subsequently absorbed these metals. Produce raised in soil watered with wastewater showed higher levels of heavy metals than the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the WHO recommended. Among the veggies, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were found to have higher Hazardous Quotient Indices (HRIs) than one. This indicates that both adults and children may have been exposed to dangerous levels of these metals. Additionally, for Brassica oleracea, Raphanus sativus, and Spinacia oleracea, nickel (Ni) surpassed HRIs larger than 1, indicating a significant health risk connected to these veggies' ingestion.

Investigation of Heavy Metal Composition and Associated Health Risks from Selected Groundwater Wells in Temeke, Dar-es-Salaam

Water quality continues to be the challenge to residents in Dar es Salaam due to various anthropogenic activities in the city. This study was conducted to assess groundwater quality by determining concentrations of heavy metals. Both probability and Nonprobability sampling techniques were used to collect samples from 40 groundwater wells in 24 wards of Temeke municipal and analysed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (Agilent 4210 MP-AES) at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the University of Dar es Salaam. Results indicated varying heavy metal concentrations ranging from 0.71 ± 0.08 to 6.64 ± 0.21 mg/l for As, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/l for Co and 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/l for Pb. The As, Co and Pb concentrations exceeded (P < 0.05) the recommended TBS standards of 0.05 mg/l, 0.003 mg/l and 0.01 mg/l respectively. Other concentrations ranged from 0.01 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.01 mg/l for Cu, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 3.55 ± 0.02 mg/l for Fe, 0.00 ± 0.00 to 4.63 ± 0.03 mg/l for Mn and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 3.00 ± 0.01 mg/l for Zn. The Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations were below (P > 0.05) the allowable TBS limits of 0.05 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l and 3 mg/l respectively. Health risk analysis revealed potential adverse health effects from long term consumption of As, Mn and Pb with Hazard Quotient exceeding 1 (HQ > 1). The Hazard Index (HI) for all groundwater samples was also above 1 (HI > 1) indicating a higher likelihood of adverse health effects. The study concluded that groundwater wells in Temeke Municipal are affected through natural and anthropogenic activities leading to high levels of heavy metal concentrations. Also, this study provides valuable information on risk associated by continued usage of groundwater in Temeke region and hence informs respective stakeholders on groundwater quality and potential risks thereby emphasizing the need for remedial measures and stricter regulations to safeguard public health. The study recommends the need for regular groundwater quality and safety monitoring to assess the levels of heavy metals concentrations and implement sustainable groundwater management strategies to address the increasing water demand in Temeke municipal, Dar es Salaam.

The analytical assessment of metal contamination in industrial soils of Saudi Arabia using the inductively coupled plasma technology

Abstract In response to significant demand for evaluating the presence of heavy elements in diverse industrial areas of Saudi Arabia, the study sought to analyze the concentration ratios of 16 elements across 11 different artificial soil types in the industrial zones situated in Riyadh, Sudair, and Al-Ahsa. To achieve this objective, the research utilized the wet digestion technique and employed an ICPE-9000 spectrophotometer for quantifying element concentrations. The study had a dual focus: initially, it sought to gauge the pollution attributed to heavy metals arising from enrichment processes, and second, it evaluated the geographical accumulation of pollutants in the soil. The results revealed varying concentration levels of heavy metals across the industrial areas under study. Specifically, the soil in the Yanbu region exhibited the highest concentration values for iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, cobalt, cadmium, and beryllium. In contrast, the soil in the industrial area of Riyadh had the highest concentration values for lead, mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and arsenic (As). Furthermore, the highest concentration of Cd was recorded in the soil of the Jubail region. Conversely, the soil in the Al-Ahsa region displayed the lowest concentration levels for these heavy metals. The conductivity of the synthetic soil ranged from 0.47 to 6.07 μS·cm−1, accompanied by a pH range of 6.6–8.6. The results emphasized the fluctuations in element concentrations, indicating significant implications for both environmental and human health. Notably, around 20% of the gathered samples showed concentrations of heavy elements like Mo, As, Hg, and Se that surpassed the allowable limits.

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

The indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oils and other hazardous waste at auto mechanic workshops clusters in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria is an environmental concern. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in the soil inside the workshop cluster and in the unpolluted soil outside the workshop cluster at approximately 100 m. Ten sampling points were randomly selected from within the cluster and another ten from outside the cluster. Using a hand-held Global Positioning System, the coordinates of the selected points were established and used to create a digital map. Soil samples at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm, were analyzed for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, As and Cd using Spectrophotometer. Moisture content determination and particle size analysis were also done on the samples. Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations of the studied site was also mapped with ArcGIS 10.2.2 using interpolation methods. Results showed that the soil ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Cadmium and Zinc had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, in the studied area. Comparing the concentrations of heavy metals in soils within and outside the auto mechanic cluster revealed notable differences across various depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm). The analysis results for soil samples within the cluster exhibited concentration levels (mg/kg) ranging from 0.716–0.751 (Cu), 2.981–3.327 (Fe), 23.464–30.113 (Zn), 1.115–1.21 (Pb), 2.6–2.912 (As), and 0.133–0.365 (Cd) demonstrating a variation pattern in the order of Zn > Fe > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Conversely, for soil samples outside the cluster, concentration levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.611–0.618 (Cu), 2.233–2.516 (Fe), 12.841–15.736 (Zn), 0.887–0.903 (Pb), 1.669–1.911 (As), and 0.091–0.091 (Cd). To assess the disparity in heavy metal concentration levels between samples collected within and outside the clusters, ANOVA test was performed. The test showed significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between samples within and outside the auto mechanic cluster (p < 0.05), implying auto mechanic activities significantly impact heavy metal levels within the cluster compared to outside areas. The assessment of soil pollution utilized indices including the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), and anthropogenic metal concentration (QoC). Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic showed the highest contamination factors, indicating significant soil contamination likely due to anthropogenic activities. The concentrations of the metals analyzed were within WHO permissible limits while the metals concentrations were also observed to decrease as depth was increased. Using ArcGIS 10.2.2, spatial maps showing heavy metal distribution were developed, with the Kriging method proving superior. This study suggests that heavy metal levels in the soil at the area be monitored on a regular basis.

BEHAVIOR OF LANDFILLED STABILIZED FLY ASH TREATED BY DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS FOR THE PAST 27 YEARS

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) contains toxic substances and hence, direct landfilling of MSWI FA is prohibited in Japan Complying with Japan's stringent Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law, which demands adherence to landfill disposal and effluent standards, is crucial for ensuring environmental safety. To address the issue, various treatment methods including treatment by chemical, phosphoric acid, and melting and solidification can be used to stabilize the MSWI FA through the immobilization of heavy metals. However, the long-term stability of these treatment methods has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these three treatment methods for MSWI FA respectively, both independently and in conjunction with compost. This study involves the monitoring of changes in the concentration of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total-chromium (T-Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), that have been leached over a period of 27 years. This study aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the impact of various treatment methods on the concentration levels of these individual heavy metals. Notably, the results suggest that independently, phosphoric acid treatment outperforms chelate treatment in the long run, but when combined with compost, both treatments exhibit enhanced efficacy, suggesting a promising approach for immobilizing heavy metals.

Assessment of Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water in Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State Nigeria

This paper assesses the concentrations of specific heavy metals in borehole water within Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State. Utilizing rigorous sampling and analytical methods, the study aims to provide insights into the potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the local water supply. Twenty different borehole water samples were assessed for Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cr and Cd levels (mg/l). The results revealed that only few boreholes water samples had concentration levels of heavy metals that are not within WHO recommended levels. While chromium and cadmium levels are below detection limits .The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in the region, offering valuable information for public health interventions and water management strategies.

Determining The Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil Contaminated with Crude Oil at Al-Kasak and Al-Qayyarah Sites According to Environmental Indices of Pollution

Contaminated soil samples were collected from Al-Kasak refinery and Al-Qayyarah refinery in western and southern Nineveh, at specific distances in six dimensions (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300) meters from the source of pollution, to study the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Mn, Ni, Cd, and the effect of oil refinery pollutants on some soil pollution standards, in addition to some physical and chemical properties of the soil and their concentrations. The results showed an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil near the sources of pollution, with cadmium significantly superior to Al-Qayyarah site over Al-Kasak site (491.744) mg/kg, and lead, nickel and manganese recorded a higher concentration at Al-Kasak site compared to Al-Qayyarah site (166.356, 114.687, 36.487) mg/kg, respectively, and the order of mineral elements in the two study sites was Cd&gt;Pb&gt;Ni&gt;Mn.&#x0D; As for the Contamination Factor (CF), it was Cd &gt; Pb &gt; Ni &gt; Mn with values of 684.50, 9.91, 5.13, and 0.1701, where the concentration factor was highly polluted for cadmium and lead, and with significant contamination for nickel, while manganese was low in contamination, cadmium recorded severe pollution at Al-Qayyarah site compared to Al-Kasak site, while lead, nickel and manganese recorded significant contamination at Al-Kasak site compared to Al-Qayyarah. In addition, the pollution load index (PLI) was at the level of 5.81, 4.67 highly polluted at D1 and D2, while the rest of the percentages were at the level of 2, moderate pollution, Al-Kasak site had the highest pollution (PLI) value of (6.28), while the ecological risk (ER) averaged (20534.88, 16896.71, 19867.11, 19063.14, 18721.07, 18888.61), which indicates that all the sites had very high pollution, and the ecological risk index was also within the limits of very high pollution, with the highest value on D1 recorded (20568.45), and the potential ecological risk of cadmium was very high at Al-Qayyarah site with a value of (19410.95) compared to Al-Kasak site, where the ecological risk of lead, nickel and manganese was very high, and the ecological risk indices for Al-Qayyarah site were high compared to Al-Kasak site. The aim of the study is to estimate the concentration of heavy metals, according to environmental indices and the impact of oil refineries on the ecosystem in raising the level of heavy metal concentration.

Heavy metal load in waters and sediments of Karamana River Basin, southwestern India: A COVID-19 lockdown modulation

Rapid urbanization and industrialization jointly provoked heavy metal contamination in surface water (SW) and channel sediments (CS) of the riverine ecosystem especially in developing countries like India. Water and sediments are to be considered the most vital gears and useful indicators of the level of contamination in an aquatic environment. Furthermore, it is imperative to assess how COVID 19 lockdown, influenced the Karamana River Basin (KRB) waters catering to the quality water needs of urbanites of a city like Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. For an insight into this issue, 84 samples (water = 41; sediment = 41) were collected during the pre-monsoon (i.e., January) of 2021 and 2022 and analysed to generate heavy metal concentration levels in the samples. Our estimate of the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) of water in the KRB in 2021, during the late peak of Covid-19, indicates that though ∼78.89% of the basin (553.78 km2) stayed within the non-contaminated category, and ∼21.11% (or 148.22 km2) was in the contaminated or very poor category. Contrarily, in 2022 after the withdrawal of lockdown restrictions, the non-contaminated area sharply declined to ∼45.04% (316.15 km2) of the basin and the contaminated area rose to 54.96% (385.85 km2). Furthermore, the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) modeling strongly supports that Cr and Fe are the leading heavy metal polluters in the Karamana River (KR) waters during 2021 and 2022. Subsequently, estimated Igeo values in sediments indicate that the uncontaminated area has reduced from 88.89% to 83.73%, and the uncontaminated to the moderately contaminated area rose to 5.16%. Therefore, the shutdown of anthropogenic activities, including small- and medium-scale industries as part of the COVID-19 lockdown, improved the surface water quality of KRB for a short-stint of time, but swung back to normality just after the lifting of lockdown restrictions.

Assessment of Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water in Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State Nigeria

This paper assesses certain heavy metal concentrations in borehole water within Zuru Metropolis, Kebbi State. Utilizing rigorous sampling and analytical methods, the study aims to provide insights into the potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the local water supply. Twenty different borehole water samples were assessed for Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cr and Cd levels (mg/l). The results revealed that only few boreholes water samples had concentration levels of heavy metals that are not within WHO recommended levels. While chromium and cadmium levels are below detection limits .The findings contribute to the understanding of water quality in the region, offering valuable information for public health interventions and water management strategies.

Statistical Analysis and Health Risk Assessment: Vegetables Irrigated with Wastewater in Kirri Shamozai, Pakistan.

One of the primary environmental routes through which humans are exposed to metals and may be exposed to health risks is the food chain's contamination with heavy metals. The study observed the risks posed by contaminants in vegetables produced in soil that received wastewater irrigation, as well as their origins and the human health impacts. Eight harmful metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) were tested for concentration levels in water, soil, and vegetable samples using analytical techniques and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The present study investigated the potential health implications associated with the consumption of vegetables irrigated using wastewater containing heavy metals. The results indicated a notable accumulation of heavy metals in plant and soil samples obtained from Kirri Shamozai, Pakistan. In comparison to vegetables cultivated in soil irrigated with fresh water, the concentration levels of heavy metals in vegetables grown on soil irrigated with untreated wastewater were considerably higher at (P ≤ 0.001) and above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits. The results showed that heavy metals had significantly accumulated in the soil and had permeated into the crops. Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables cultivated on land irrigated with wastewater were more significant than those grown on land irrigated with freshwater. They exceeded US EPA and World Health Organization (WHO) limits. PCA results for Pb, Cu, and Cr are the main issues impacting water quality and health hazards. The PCA results show that the soil has an extensive loading of heavy metals Cd, Ni, and Mn.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in groundwater from motorized boreholes in Maitumbi, Tipa Garage Area, Minna, Niger State

Discharged industrial effluent poses a significant threat to groundwater due to potential heavy metal contamination. Elevated levels of heavy metals in drinking water pose serious public health risks. This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water from motorized boreholes in Maitumbi, Tipa Garage Area, Minna, Niger State, by measuring heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as the analytical tool. Water samples were collected randomly from ten (10) boreholes, and the concentrations of some environmentally common heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer of PG Instruments Ltd. (Model AA500). The results showed high concentration levels for most of the observed metals, which exceeded the permissible limits by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, the study suggests that the water samples are not safe for drinking directly and recommends some level of tertiary purification to reduce the heavy metal concentration levels to make them safe for drinking.

Study of the concentration level of heavy metals in water and some tissues of common carp, Carpinus carpio L. which is cultured in cages in the Euphrates River

The current study included measuring some chemical and physical properties of the water of the study area and estimating the concentration of three heavy elements (lead, copper, and zinc) in the tissues of the common carp (Gills, muscles, and viscera) of Cyprinus carpio L. Samples were collected from one of the private farms that raise fish in floating cages on the Euphrates River from 11/18/2022 to 4/18/2023. The study also included measuring water temperature, air, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH And dissolved oxygen samples taken from the water were analyzed as well as samples taken from fish tissues on a monthly basis. The results of the study showed that the air temperature ranged between(6.8-10.2)C. Water temperature (17_33), turbidity (6.8_10.2), electrical conductivity (1.04_2.13), total dissolved solids (7752_18730) mg/l, and pH value (7.2_7.82) between neutral to lightly basic. The dissolved oxygen value ranged between (6.78 - 7.92) mg/l during the months of the experiment. The standard methods were used to estimate the concentration of heavy metals in water and tissues by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that the highest total concentration of lead, copper and zinc was recorded in the water during the winter season (1.533, 2.300, 6.700) µg/L. Recorded in tissues for lead in the gills and viscera, the highest values were in spring (9.533, 6.500) µg/L, respectively. Copper recorded the highest value in the gills and viscera, respectively, and the concentrations were high in the autumn season (16.793, 18.723) µg/g dry weight, respectively. g dry weight respectively, the results showed that the accumulation of heavy elements was in the following order . &#x0D; Concentrations in the water are zinc &lt; copper &lt; lead&#x0D; And in the tissue as follows &#x0D; Gills &lt; muscle &lt; viscera lead &#x0D; gills &lt; viscera &lt; muscle copper &#x0D; Zinc gills &lt; muscle &lt; viscera&#x0D; Different densities were also studied to obtain the best culture density. Three densities (21_25_28 fish / m3) were used, with 500 fish for the first treatment, 900 fish for the second treatment, and 1100 fish for the third treatment, with an average weight of (120_140) g. Diet of Iranian origin was used for the three treatments. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences during the months of the study, where the highest rate was in the month of March.

A Study of the Levels of Nickel, Iron, Cadmium, and Lead in Some Potable Drinking Water from Well Sources in Dutsin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria

This study looked into the levels of heavy metal concentrations (Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb) in a portable well water sample from Dutsin-ma, Katsina State. A water sampler bottle was used to gather ten water samples from various randomly chosen wells. By adding HNO3, and HCl, heating the samples to 90°C and then cooling them, the samples were digested. Heavy elements were measured using a calibrated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicates that the heavy metal concentration levels in a well water sample from Dutsimma, Katsina State for Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb are in the range (mean) values of 0.005 \(\pm\) 0.0008 – 0.055 \(\pm\) 0.0024 mg/kg (0.021 mg/kg), 0.119 \(\pm\) 0.0011 – 0.7680. \(\pm\) 0006 mg/kg (0.3784 mg/kg), 0.035 \(\pm\) 1.8760 \(\pm\) .0092 mg/kg (0.6776 mg/kg), and 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.0010 – 1.19 \(\pm\) 0.0009 mg/kg (1.451 mg/kg) respectively. The well water samples are widely used by most of the populace of Dutsin-ma as the main source of drinking water. Very negligible levels of these heavy elements are present and thus pose no harm to the populace. However, constant monitoring of various water sources used for drinking is essential.

Effects of atmospheric dust particles on common medicinal plants in an industrial area of West Bengal, India.

The exposure of atmospheric dust particles on four common medicinal plants (Ocimum sanctum, Andrographis paniculata, Catharanthus roseous, and Kaempferia galanga, which are available in the study area and cultivated by the local people for medicinal purposes) affects their growth, levels of essential biochemical constituents and heavy metal concentration. The plant species were grown by pot cultivation in an industrial area with high levels of coal dust to assess the capacity of heavy metals accumulation in their leaves and changes in allometry and biochemical parameters. The results showed that annual average SPM and dustfall varied between 195.88 to 645.97 μg/m3 and 17.55 to 41.16 g/m2/month, respectively. Dustfall at different polluted sites was 2.4, 2.1, 1.5, 1.4, and 2.3 times higher than at the control site. The most prevalent heavy metal in atmospheric particulate matter was Zn, followed by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cd. Plant allometry measurements such as height, stem width, root length, petiole length, and leaf area are shown to have a strong and significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with dustfall and SPM. Total chlorophyll and RWC were inversely proportional to the dust load present in all the species. Except for Andrographis paniculata, chlorophyll and leaf-extracted pH of plant species were moderately correlated with APTI, whereas no correlation was noticed for ascorbic acid. A positive correlation between SPM and heavy metals in leaves was observed. The results implied that the cultivation and collection of medicinal plants from the study area could be potentially toxic to human health.

An Overview of the Level of Heavy Metals Concentration in Fruits and Vegetables

An Overview of the Level of Heavy Metals Concentration in Fruits and Vegetables

Assessment Of Heavy Metals Concentration In Well Water In Surulere Local Government Area Of Lagos State

This study examined the level of heavy metals concentration in the well water of Surulere local government area. The concentration was determined using an absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The heavy metals [lead, Cadmium and Zinc] concentration of well water from the sampling site was found below the world health organization’s (WHO) recommended limit. The concentration of Cd was below the detection limit in some areas. It was recommended that the general public should be educated and enlightened on the health hazard involved in the consumption of contaminated water and there should be consistent monitoring of groundwater bodies in Lagos state.