Levels Of Family Functioning Research Articles

Effect of mental state on sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: A multiple mediation model of hope and family function.

The objective of this study was to investigate the current situation of sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), and whether hope and family function play a mediating role between negative emotions and sleep quality. The Athens Insomnia Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Herth Hope Index and Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (APGAR) Index were used to investigate 227 MHD patients. The correlations among study variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Structural equation model was used to construct and evaluate the mediation model. The sleep quality score of 227 patients receiving MHD was (7.57 ± 4.74), anxiety score was (4.36 ± 4.02), depression score was (5.91 ± 4.37), hope score was (34.64 ± 7.21), family function score was (6.21 ± 2.90). The negative emotions can directly predict sleep quality (β = 0.17, P = .046), positively predict sleep quality through hope (β = 0.12, P = .017), positively predict sleep quality through family function (β = 0.20, P < .001), and positively predict sleep quality through the chain mediating of hope and family function (β = 0.10, P < .001). The total effect size was 71.19%. It is concluded that negative emotions had a direct impact on the sleep quality of patients receiving MHD, and that improving the levels of family function and hope can help them sleep better.

Functioning and quality of life among treatment-engaged adults with psychotic disorders in urban Tanzania: Baseline results from the KUPAA clinical trial.

There is a treatment gap for those living with severe mental illnesses in low- and middle-income countries, yet not enough is known about those who are currently accessing clinical services. A better understanding of potentially modifiable factors associated with functioning and quality of life will help inform policies and programming. To describe the functioning and quality of life for a psychiatric treatment-engaged population living with psychotic disorders in two urban areas of Tanzania, and to explore their respective correlates. This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 66 individuals enrolled in the Kuwezeshana Kupata Uzima (KUPAA) pilot clinical trial who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, recent relapse, and who were receiving outpatient treatment. Baseline functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life BREF scale) were measured. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine correlates of functioning and quality of life. Adjusted analyses indicated that higher disability was associated with higher food insecurity, more symptomatology, more self-stigma, less instrumental support, less hope, lower self-efficacy, and/or lower levels of family functioning. Higher quality of life was associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, more hopefulness, more instrumental support, less self-stigma, and better family functioning. Identification of factors associated with disability and quality of life can help clinicians and policymakers, as well as consumers of mental health services, to better co-design and target psychosocial interventions to optimize their impact in low-resource settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04013932, July 10, 2019.

The Role of Family Functionality and Its Relationship with Psychological Well-Being and Emotional Intelligence in High School Students

Adolescence is acknowledged as a critical transition stage in human development, during which factors such as family environment, psychological well-being, and emotional competencies are deemed crucial for optimal growth. Objective: A descriptive study with a quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was conducted to investigate: (1) how psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and levels of family functioning are associated with each other; (2) the presence of gender disparities in psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and family functioning; and (3) the identification of significant differences in psychological well-being and emotional intelligence based on family functioning. Methods: Participants were recruited from six different high schools in Spain. In total, 1092 secondary school students (584 females and 508 males) aged 12–17 years (M = 14.15) completed a series of instruments that were administered in person. Subsequently, data were statistically analysed and processed. Results: A positive correlation between family functioning, psychological well-being, and emotional intelligence was observed. In addition, significant gender differences were found in measures of psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and family functioning. Finally, higher mean scores were identified for the high-functionality group when compared to the moderate-functionality and severe-dysfunctionality groups in both psychological well-being and emotional intelligence measures. Conclusions: The authors conclude by considering the family context as a key factor in adolescent development and propose future practical applications, such as programmes aimed at improving psychological well-being.

Perceptions of family functioning impact smoking during pregnancy

Background Although socio-environmental factors are known to contribute to the maintenance of smoking behavior, few studies have examined the impact of family functioning on smoking during pregnancy. Objective The current study examined the relationship between perceptions of family functioning and smoking during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women (N = 345, 59% ethnic/racial minority) completed the Family Assessment Device, a gold-standard assessment examining perceptions of family functioning in seven domains. Multinomial logistic regressions analyzed associations between clinically determined suboptimal levels of family functioning by domain and smoking status during pregnancy (smoking, ≥28 continuous days quit, nonsmoking), with stratified analyses exploring ethnic/racial differences (non-Hispanic/White vs. racial/ethnic minority). Results Participants who reported suboptimal levels of family functioning in domains of Affective Involvement, Affective Responsiveness, Behavioral Control, and Roles were significantly more likely to have been smoking than nonsmoking during pregnancy. Stratified analyses revealed differing effects by ethnic/racial identity, with perceptions of Roles remaining the only significant effect on smoking outcomes for both groups. No significant effects were found regarding the impact of family functioning on whether participants were smoking vs. quit during pregnancy. Conclusions Suboptimal family functioning may contribute to smoking during pregnancy, but effects may differ based on domain of family functioning and by ethnic/racial identity.

Perceived Stressful Life Events and Suicide Risk in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Perceived Family Functioning.

Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem and a major cause of death among adolescents. Three categories of major risk factors have been identified: psychological factors, stressful life events, and personality traits. Severe and objective stressful life events (SLEs), such as childhood mistreatment or abuse, have been clearly associated with higher rates of suicide risk. However, the relationship between suicide risk and adolescents' perceptions of the SLE impact is not as clear. This paper studies the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk and the possible mediating role of perceived family functioning in this relationship. The need for longer-term or more intense psychological or psychiatric treatment in relation to SLE impact perception is also addressed. One hundred forty-seven adolescents aged 11-17 were consecutively recruited from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Services Department of a general hospital in Madrid, Spain. Self-informed questionnaires were used to assess suicide risk, SLEs, and family functioning. In addition, the clinical records of the participants were consulted to collect information about their treatment histories, including the number of appointments and the duration of follow-up. SLE impact perception correlates significantly with suicide risk, the number of clinical appointments, the duration of treatment, and the perceived level of family functioning. The mediation model of the family functioning perception variable in the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk is significant. The linear regression model of SLE impact perception and family functioning perception on suicide risk is also significant, accounting for 25.7% of the variance. Beyond the clear and proven effect of serious and objective SLEs, the perceived impact of SLEs reported by adolescents is related to an increased risk of suicide and more intense psychological and/or psychiatric follow-up. This relationship is mediated by the perceived level of family functioning. Adolescents' perceptions of their life experiences and perceived family support may be key determinants of suicide risk prevention.

The dream and the unconscious in the couple and the family

Certain phenomena observed in a family or couple setting, which are manifestations of an individual intrapsychic world, can also be interpreted as the product of shared defence mechanisms and anxieties. In the dream reported by a family member, we can see both the intrapsychic dimension of the dreamer and the interpersonal dimension in which the dreamer participates, which is an expression of the link that unites the dreamer to an organisation such as a married couple or a family. Such collusive dreams are well-known to psychoanalysts working with couples. They highlight the mutual and complementary interlocking of the two internal worlds of the members of the couple. The production of an associative chain of dreams in family and couple therapy sessions, commonly witnessed by many analysts working in settings of this kind, helps us realise that there is a connection to more retrogressive levels of family functioning, and that the dream, with its vast transformative potential linked to unconscious-to-unconscious communications "without passing through the conscious", is a powerful catalyst of communication and therefore of potential change.

Limitations on participation and global quality of life among CRC survivors with permanent stomas: moderated mediation analysis of psychological distress and family functioning.

Although a cancer diagnosis and stoma creation leave colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors with significant limitations on participation in life activities that would impair their global quality of life (QoL), the underlying psychological mechanisms are understudied. The aim of this cross-section study was to examine whether psychological distress mediates the association of limitations on participation in life activity with global QoL, and whether family functioning moderated the indirect effects of limitations on participation in life activities on global QoL through psychological distress. CRC survivors with permanent stomas (n = 282) completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, limitations on participation in life activities, psychological distress, family functioning, and global QoL. The mediation model and moderated mediation model were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Mediation analysis showed that the association of limitations on participation in life activities with global QoL was partially mediated by psychological distress (indirect effect = -0.087, 95% CI = -0.135 to -0.041). Moderated mediation analysis indicated that the indirect effects of limitations on participation in life activities on global QoL through psychological distress were significantly moderated by family functioning. Specifically, the indirect effects decreased were significant as family functioning levels increased. CRC survivors with permanent stomas experienced poor global QoL. The moderated mediation model provides a better understanding of how limitations on participation in life activities, psychological distress, and family functioning work together to affect global QoL. Interventions aiming to improve QoL among CRC survivors with permanent stomas should consider targeting these aspects.

Adults' and older adults' mental health during COVID-19 in Hong Kong: An ecological analysis of family resilience.

Based on an ecological model of resilience, this study aimed to identify common and differential ecological risk and protective factors influencing the psychological health of general adult population (aged 18-60) and older adults (older than 60) in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-based random telephone survey was conducted in 2020, and 877 respondents in Hong Kong (308 older adults, i.e., older than 60; 569 adults, i.e., aged 18-60) were interviewed. Multiple group structural equation modeling was used to examine the proposed model. Chinese older adults in Hong Kong reported significantly lower levels of psychological distress than adults, and no difference in levels of family functioning was evident between the two groups. Community resources and family functioning served as important protectors for both groups. Parent-child conflicts were a significant mediator between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress for adults only, while a decreasing level of outdoor family leisure served as a significant mediator for older adults only. The findings highlighted the importance of providing family- and community-based mental health services for Chinese people facing a public health crisis such as COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Mental health services designed for adult and older adult family members should emphasize different components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Degree of satisfaction with family functioning, using the APGAR scale

Introduction: The family is the first social nucleus. There are different types of families constituted by beliefs, customs, values, and behaviors. The family APGAR is an instrument for evaluating family functionality. The role of the family during childhood is transcendental for cognitive, mental, and social progress since at this stage it allows offering protection, attention, and teaching to strengthen their progress. Aim: Analyze the degree of satisfaction in relation to the level of Family Functioning, through the application of the APGAR Test. Methodology: A study with a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was carried out, where we worked with a population of adults and older adults that included 140 families, residing in urban and rural areas of the province of Cañar - Ecuador, selected through non-probability sampling. The APGAR scale was used to evaluate the perception of family functioning and the relationship between its members, the components are evaluated through three closed questions with a Likert-type rating score and the results describe a functional family, with mild dysfunction and severe dysfunction. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS.21. Results:140 families participated, with key informants, adults from 18 to 85 years (m42.7), an average of 4.11 family members, and 69.3% are families residing in rural areas. Regarding family functionality, 80.7% are in the highly functional range; In relation to the question. Do you feel that your family loves you?, 82.1% present with the item Almost always, as well as the highest mean score of 1.76. In the questions posed, it is evident that there is a statistically significant correlation p-value of 0.000, considering a p-value of &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Each family is formed by different social nuclei since it has its own identity, interrelationships, and intergenerational. The study shows a close correlation between the degree of satisfaction almost always and high functionality among families.

Factors associated with reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer and explore the associated factors. With the trend of longer survival and younger age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients, reproductive concerns have become increasingly prevalent among young female colorectal cancer patients. Cross-sectional design. The study included 150 young female patients with colorectal cancer who completed cancer treatment at 2 hospitals in Guangzhou, China, between November 2020 and December 2021 completed an investigation comprising A general questionnaire, The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale, The Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II and unmet fertility information needs questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors that influence reproductive concerns. This study was prepared and is reported according to the STROBE checklist. The mean (SD) score on the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale was 54.78 ± 8.97. The highest score was for the children's health subscale (3.84 ± .92) and the lowest was for acceptance (2.24 ± .70). Multiple regression analysis showed that patients with fewer children, female children, lower education level (less than undergraduate degree), earlier disease stage, lower family function and higher unmet need for fertility information had more reproductive concerns, which explained 26.9% of the total variation of the model. The patients with fewer children, female children, low cultural degree (less than bachelor), early clinical patients, poorer family function and higher unmet fertility information needs had higher reproductive concerns. These findings can guide the development of interventions to mitigate reproductive concerns, including understand and meet their fertility information needs, improve the level of family function. Survey questionnaires were completed by participants among young female with colorectal cancer in this study.

Associations Between Family Function and Non-suicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Urban Adolescents with and Without Parental Migration.

The study aims to explore the effect of family function on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among Chinese urban adolescents with and without parental migration. Between April 21st to May 12th, 2021, adolescents were recruited from Shenzhen city of Guangdong province, China (n = 124,357). Of all the participants, 22,855 (18.4%) were left-behind children (LBC). Family function, NSSI, depression, and socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using a series of self-reported questionnaires. Urban LBC had a higher NSSI frequency, while a lower level of family function than non-LBC. After controlling for confounders, parental migration was significantly associated with NSSI, and family dysfunction was a robust risk factor for NSSI as well. The protective effect of family function on NSSI of LBC was stronger than non-LBC. This implies that children with higher levels of family function tend to exhibit a lower frequency of NSSI, especially in those with parental migration. In practice, adolescents' NSSI prevention and intervention strategies should focus on improving family function.

Correlation Between Family Functioning and Health Beliefs in Patients with Stroke in Beijing, China.

To explore the relationship between family functioning and health beliefs in patients with stroke. A total of 253 patients with stroke were selected from Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2021 to November 2021. All patients were of Chinese nationality, and 240 valid questionnaires were obtained. The Family Assessment Device and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale were used to collect patients' family functioning and health beliefs information, and correlation analysis was used to analyse it. The total score for family functioning in patients with stroke was 130.5 (22). The highest mean score was 2.46 for behaviour control, and the lowest score was 2.00 for total function. The items were ranked from high to low in this order: behaviour control, emotional response, role, communication, emotional intervention, problem solving and total function. The total score of the patients' health beliefs was 116 (33), The items were ranked from high to low in this order: were self-efficacy, health motivation, perceived benefit, susceptibility, severity and perceived impairment. The scores for family functioning were negatively correlated with the total scores for health beliefs (P < 0.05). Stroke can reduce the self-care ability of the patients and aggravate the burden of family care. This can lead to abnormal function roles for patients and their families, emotional reactions in patients with stroke and weaker levels of family functioning. The health beliefs scores of patients with stroke were at the middle level, and family functioning was at the general level. There was a negative correlation between the family functioning score and the total score for health beliefs in patients with stroke.

Relationship between family cohesion/adaptability and postpartum depressive symptoms: A single-center retrospective study.

Depression is the most common mental illness in postpartum mothers, and the etiology of postpartum depression remains poorly understood. Over the past several decades, studies have reported that postpartum depression is caused by multiple factors, such as genetic, psychological, pregnancy, and environmental factors, with the family environment being an important environmental factor. The theory of family cohesion and adaptability put forward by Olson is a classic model that describes the level of family function. However, to date, this model has not been examined regarding its applicability to patients with postpartum depression. To investigate the relationship between family cohesion and adaptability and the risk of postpartum depressive symptoms. We retrospectively analyzed 1446 patients admitted to the postpartum healthcare clinic of the Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from April 2021 to December 2021. Patients were grouped according to whether postpartum depression symptoms were reported (symptoms, n = 454; no symptoms, n = 992). All patients completed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Chinese version of the Family Cohesion and Adapt-ability Assessment Scale II. Baseline and clinical data were compared between groups. Univariate regression analysis was used to investigate the association between different types of family cohesion and postpartum depressive symptoms and the association between different family adaptability types and postpartum depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, education, occupation, gravidity, parity, and mode of delivery, disengaged [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.36, 95%CI: 1.91-5.91], and separated (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.34-2.90) family cohesion types showed a higher risk of postpartum depression than the connection type, whereas the enmeshed type (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.28-0.51) protected against postpartum depressive symptoms. Rigid (AOR = 4.41, 95%CI: 3.02-6.43) and structured families (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.34-2.63) had a higher risk of postpartum depressive symptoms than flexible families, whereas chaotic families (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.24-0.51) protected against postpartum depressive symptoms. Family cohesion and adaptability are influencing factors for postpartum depressive symptoms, with higher family cohesion and adaptability being associated with a lower risk of postpartum depressive symptoms.

Levels of Physical Activity, Family Functioning and Self-Concept in Elementary and High School Education Students: A Structural Equation Model.

In the adolescent population there is great concern about low levels of physical activity and low levels of family awareness of the benefits of physical exercise on physical and mental health. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity levels, family functioning and self-concept in primary and secondary school students, as well as to develop a structural equation model as a function of weekly physical activity time. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity per week. To collect the data, instruments validated by the scientific community were used, such as the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve family questionnaire (APGAR) and the self-concept questionnaire form 5. The results show that those students who engage in more than 3 h of physical activity per week have higher levels of family functioning than those who do not meet this sport criterion. In addition, physically active students show higher scores on all dimensions of self-concept than those who practice less than 3 h of physical activity per week. Finally, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that the amount of physical activity practice brings benefits to student's mental health.

Health-related quality of life among mothers of children with cochlear implants with and without developmental disabilities

BackgroundCochlear implants (CIs) are widely used among children with severe to profound hearing loss. Raising a child with a CI presents unique challenges to the family, especially when the child has a developmental disability (CI-DD). AimsThis study aimed to elucidate the relations between the functioning of children with CIs, their mothers’ coping resources (i.e., social support and family-centered care), and maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Also, it examined whether the presence of a DD in addition to the child’s deafness moderated these relations. Methods and proceduresA sample of 100 mothers of children with CIs (54 in the CI-DD group) completed questionnaires regarding perceived social support, family-centered care, and HRQoL. Outcomes and resultsMothers of deaf children with CIs and DD experienced lower levels of family functioning and HRQoL across all dimensions compared to mothers of deaf children with CIs without DD. In addition, social support was positively related to HRQoL only among mothers of children in the CI-DD group, indicating the protective role of social support. Conclusions and implicationsSocial support is an important coping resource, and psychosocial support is needed for mothers of children with CIs, especially for mothers whose children also have a DD.

Giving Birth in Unpredictable Conditions: Association between Parents' COVID-19 Related Concerns, Family Functioning, Dyadic Coping, Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms.

The way postpartum parents' COVID-19-related concerns are associated with the family environment, support resources and depressive symptoms areunder-investigated. Two hundred and forty-three new parents (132 mothers, 111 fathers) completed self-report questionnaires within an 8-week period after birth. Parental concerns for COVID-19-related life changes were assessed with the COVID-19 Questionnaire, perceived social support with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, perceived family functioning with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV Package, dyadic coping behaviors with the Dyadic Coping Inventory and maternal/paternal postnatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. (a) Higher levels of COVID-19-related concerns about daily life were associated with lower levels of family communication, satisfaction and increased depressive symptomatology in both parents, and with lower levels of family functioning in mothers; (b) Maternal health care COVID-19-related concerns were linked with lower levels of family communication, lower perceived social support and with an increase in maternal depressive symptoms; and (c) COVID-19-related concerns about neonate hospitalization were associated with increased maternal depressive symptoms. Τhese findings suggest that COVID-19-related concerns had a common negative effect on both postpartum mothers' and fathers' mental health and on certain aspects of family functioning.

MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG YOUTH IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA

Current research aims to explore psychological well-being as the mediating role in the relationship between family functioning and internet addiction among youth in Klang Valley, Malaysia. With the emergence of the positive psychology field in recent years, the focus of research practice has shift from remediating and studying psychological deficits and disability, to the exploration and promoting of psychological well-being while enhancing human strengths. In relation, it is critical to understand risk factors and underlying mechanism through a positive characteristics approach for Internet addiction among youth in order to develop effective preventive and intervention measures. This cross-sectional study includes 130 youth participants who are located in Klang Valley, aging between 18 to 24. A quantitative approach is adopted by collecting data of respondent’s level of family functioning, psychological wellbeing and internet addiction through survey forms on online platforms. Current research findings indicate there is a positive and significant relationship between family functioning and psychological wellbeing (r = 0.385, p&lt;0.001), while negative significant relationship was indicated in the relationship between family functioning and internet addiction (r = -0.230, p&lt;0.01), psychological wellbeing and internet addiction (r = -0.409, p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the data indicated that psychological wellbeing was proven to mediate the relationship between family functioning and internet addiction, suggesting that family functioning predicts one’s level of psychological well-being, which then continues to play and important rule in influencing internet addiction. Current research findings implies that family environments and interactions greatly influence the development of one’s psychological state, and further influences addictive/problematic behavior.

Relationship Among Treatment Adherence, Family Functioning, and Self-Care Agency in Colombian Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Multiple factors affect treatment adherence in individuals with cardiovascular disease. However, information on the relationships among treatment adherence, family functioning, and self-care agency in these patients and their families is limited. This study was developed to determine the relationships among treatment adherence, family functioning, self-care agency, and sociodemographic variables in patients with cardiovascular disease. Self-care agency, as defined by Orem, is the dynamic process patients use to engage in their own healthcare that involves discerning and addressing factors that allow their making decisions that improve self-care abilities. This cross-sectional, observational-analytical study enrolled 151 adult patients with cardiovascular diseases who had undergone pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments and 108 family members of these patients who had consented to participate. Measurements were performed using the "Questionnaire for measuring treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease," the "Family Functioning Assessment Scale," and the "Self-care Agency Scale." Of the 151 patients, 119 (78.8%) were assessed as having a low risk of nonadherence, 60 (39.7%) as having low family functioning, and 131 (86.8%) as having high self-care agency. Treatment adherence and self-care agency showed a moderate and significant correlation ( r = .66, p < .001). Similarly, treatment adherence and family functioning showed a low but significant correlation ( r = .35, p < .001). Moreover, significant multivariate associations were found among the variables of interest. Patients with a low risk of nonadherence were found to be more likely to have a secondary or postsecondary education, not to have vision or hearing problems, and to have a contributory affiliation mode with the health system or private health insurance. In addition, participants with moderate or high levels of family functioning were less likely to be workers or to not have hearing or vision problems. Finally, significant differences were noted between patients with low self-care agency and those with high self-care agency in terms of kinship relationship with family members and affiliation mode with the health system. The results of this research help clarify the issue of treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although family functioning and self-care agency were found to be low to moderately correlated with treatment adherence, relevant information regarding these variables and sociodemographic variables is presented in this study. Nurses may use these results as a reference to design nursing care plans and interventions to address the conditions of their patients more appropriately.

Dyadic profiles of family resilience among patients with first-episode stroke: A longitudinal study of the first 6 months after stroke.

The importance of family resilience in the recovery of stroke patients has been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, little is known about post-stroke family resilience. To investigate the family resilience of stroke patients from a patient-caregiver dyadic perspective during the first 6months after stroke. A total of 288 dyads of patients diagnosed with a first-episode stroke and their principal caregivers were recruited from neurology departments of 7 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai and Shangqiu, China. Family resilience and family function were assessed during hospitalisation and at 1, 3 and 6months after stroke. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify different clusters of family resilience based on family resilience of patients and caregivers during hospitalisation. The STROBE guidelines for observational studies were followed. Three clusters of family resilience were identified with distinct trajectories: cluster of high resilience (HR), cluster of low resilience (LR) and cluster of discrepant resilience (DR). The level of family function was consistently highest in cluster HR and lowest in cluster with LR at four time points. Most (69.8%) families fell into the cluster with low resilience and low family function. Characteristics such as the Rankin scores and education level of patients, education level of caregivers, family monthly income and living district were different among the three clusters. We concluded that family resilience was linked to the family functioning of patients with a first-episode stroke, however, the levels of resilience in most families were low. Factors, including the education level, family income and stroke severity of patients were revealed to influence the family resilience and its development. A resilience-focused approach to family-related treatment is beneficial for families. Therefore, understanding family resilience among stroke survivors is needed to inform the development of interventions for enhancing the recovery of stroke families.

Characteristics in Initial Sandplay of Optimal and Non-optimal Family Functioning Among High School Students.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the initial sandplay of high school students with poor family function, by studying the initial sandplay of high school students with different levels of family function, so as to provide the basics for the psychological assessment and intervention of high school students.SignificanceTo provide data support for high school students' mental health education and sandplay therapy, and to apply sandplay as an intervention method to play a healing role in high school mental health work.MethodsHigh school students (N = 345) were divided into 11 groups and participated in a sandplay experiment for 8 weeks from February to March 2021. Each group completed the Chinese version of the Epstein et al. Family Assessment Device. Samples with scores of one standard deviation below and above the sample mean were placed in the low family functioning group (n = 30; 15 girls) or high family functioning group (n = 30; 15 girls), respectively. The initial sandplay was evaluated on multiple dimensions using an established coding system.ResultsSamples with low family functioning used fewer animal figurines in their sandplay (t = 2.176, p < 0.05); had more family scenes (χ2 = 4.356, p < 0.05); fewer rural scenes (χ2 = 4.344, p < 0.05); and fewer healing themes (t = −2.336, p < 0.05). In particular, there were fewer examples of connected healing themes (χ2 = 7.500, p < 0.05); in-depth healing themes (χ2 = 5.455, p < 0.05); and more hindered trauma themes (χ2 = 4.812, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was conducted using the sandplay characteristics as predictors of group membership. Using forward stepwise selection, themes of hindered trauma (B = −2.030) and connected healing (B=1.765) were shown to be significant predictors of group membership (F = 17.784, P < 0.01, ΔR2 = 0.214).ConclusionStudents who reported high and low family functioning showed significant differences in their sandplay characteristics. We propose sandplay characteristics can help identify low family functioning of adolescents during psychological evaluations.