Levels Of Emotional Stability Research Articles

The Level of Emotional Stability and its Relation to Accept Body Image and Intellectual Stress Among Female Students at WISE

خلفية الدراسة ومشكلتها: تُعدّ الصحة النفسية من الأمور الواجب توفرها في حياة الطالب الجامعي، وتمثل الصحة النفسية القدرة على تحقيق التوافق الداخلي والخارجي في مختلف المجالات، ويمكن تحقيق هذا التوافق من خلال التقبل الذاتي من جوانبه الجسدية والنفسية كافة، والقيام بسلوكيات مقبولة اجتماعيًّا تدل على تمتعه بمستوى من الاتزان الانفعالي، وهو ما يعرف بالمشاركة الإيجابية مع أحداث الحياة اليومية وخفض الشعور بالإجهاد على المستوى الجسدي والفكري. الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الى التّعرف إلى مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي وتقبل صورة الجسد والإجهاد الفكري لدى طالبات جامعة العلوم الإسلامية العالمية، كذلك الكشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي بتقبل صورة الجسد والإجهاد الفكري. والكشف عن الفروق في مستويات الاتزان الانفعالي وتقبل صورة الجسد والإجهاد الفكري استنادًا إلى متغيريّ (السنة الدراسية والحالة الاجتماعية). الطرق المستخدمة: تم تطوير ثلاثة مقاييس هي: الاتزان الانفعالي، وتقبّل صورة الجسد، والإجهاد الفكري، وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام الأوساط الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية وتحليل التباين الثنائي. النتائج: إنّ مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي والإجهاد الفكري كان متوسطًا، بينما كان مستوى تقبل صورة الجسد عند الطالبات مرتفعًا، وكذلك تبيّن أنّ مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي ارتبط ايجابيًّا مع مستوى تقبل صورة الجسد وبشكل سلبي مع مستوى الإجهاد الفكري بقيم ذات دلالة إحصائيّة، وإلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائيّة تُعزى لأثر السنة الدراسية والحالة الاجتماعية لكل من الاتزان الانفعالي وتقبل صورة الجسد. أما بالنسبة للإجهاد الفكري، فأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًّا تبعًا للحالة الاجتماعية لصالح المتزوجات. الاستنتاجات (التوصيات والمساهمة): أوصت الدراسة إلى تفعيل خدمات الإرشاد النفسي للحفاظ على مستوى تقبل صورة الجسد ومستوى الاتزان الانفعالي لدى الطالبات وخفض مستوى الإجهاد الفكري.

Understanding the psychology of workplace bullies: the impact of Dark Tetrad and how to mitigate it

PurposeHow do dark personality traits impact workplace bullying (WB)? How can organizations mitigate it? This study aims to explore the relationship between the Dark Tetrad (DT) (narcissism, psychopathy [PY], Machiavellianism and sadism [SM]) and WB, proposing the mediation role of moral disengagement (MD) and the moderation role of emotional stability (ES).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed mediated-moderation model was tested on 404 employees working in the hospitality sector in Pakistan. Data have been analyzed through regression analysis and PROCESS macros to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsPY, Machiavellianism and SM positively relate to WB and MD mediates this relationship. A high level of ES reduces the intensity of the mediated influence of PY, Machiavellianism and SM on WB.Practical implicationsDeveloping targeted policies and practices (e.g. personality tests to build a good psychological architecture of the firm) and reviewing processes that support the moral justification of antisocial conduct can be beneficial for limiting WB. In addition, meditation, mindfulness training and supporting trust and cooperation within organizations can increase the mitigating effect of ES and, in turn, reduce WB.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explicitly verifies a mediated-moderation model on DT-WB while proposing a further explanation (i.e. mediation of MD) and a novel solution (i.e., moderation by ES).

Work‐role overload, work–life conflict, and perceived career plateau: The moderating role of emotional stability

AbstractAs perceived career plateau is a prevalent but undesirable state which is harmful to employees and organizations, human resource management (HRM) research has devoted efforts to exploring ways of managing it. However, to date, research has largely been limited to variables that reduce perceived career plateau. There is a need to understand what factors increase these perceptions and how/when they do so, to advance theoretical and practical perspectives. This study contributes to the career plateau literature by investigating how and under what conditions work‐role overload can increase employees' perceived career plateau (hierarchical and job content plateaus). Based on a three‐wave survey of employees from the service sector of China, we found that work‐role overload interacted with employees' trait emotional stability and affected their work–life conflict, which had downstream implications on the two types of perceived career plateaus. Specifically, work‐role overload related positively to work–life conflict only when employees had a high (versus low) level of emotional stability. Also, work–life conflict mediated the effects of work‐role overload on perceived hierarchical and job content plateaus for employees with high, but not for those with low, emotional stability. These findings provide new insights into how, by taking into account stressful work contexts and individual differences, HRM professionals may intervene to prevent employees from perceiving career plateau.

Дослідження рівня сформованості особистісних якостей майбутніх тренерів першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти

The article is devoted to the study of the importance of developing the personal qualities of future coaches in the educational and training process. The article analyzes the essence and role of a coach in an athlete's life. On the basis of scientific research by leading Ukrainian scientists in physical education and sports, as well as psychology and pedagogy, the main personal qualities of a coach and their role in the educational and training process of athletes have been synthesized. In their writings, modern scientists distinguish the main skills of a coach as analytical, prognostic, projective, organizational, communicative, subject-practical and reflective. According to some authors, the basis of coaching activity is constructive, organizational, project, communicative, diagnostic, gnostic and motor skills. Based on these data, we proposed conducting four tests to identify the type of temperament, the level of formation of leadership and managerial qualities, as well as the level of emotional stability. To achieve the main goal of the study, we conducted the above tests with future coaches. The results of the tests were highlighted on the charts. 20 higher education students of the 4th year of the first bachelor's level of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Physical Education and Sports of the "Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University" took part in the testing. The results of the tests indicated a sufficient level of formation of the personal qualities necessary for the future coach.

COMPONENT-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF EMOTIONAL STABILITY IN THE MUSIC-PERFORMING ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN'S MUSIC SCHOOL STUDENTS

The article reveals the problem of the formation of emotional stability in students of a children's music school. In this aspect, the author carries out a component-structural analysis of the studied formation and singles out the following components: motivational-volitional; information and activity; emotional and personal. It has been proven that the motivational and volitional component has a stimulating effect on the effectiveness of the process of improving students' executive and mental activity; informational and activity ensures that students accumulate the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities, the ability to reproduce a musical image in stage conditions, which is necessary for the formation of emotional stability in musical and interpretive activities; emotional and personal – reveals in students the external and internal factors of the studied phenomenon, the ability to self-evaluate and reflect on musical-interpretive activities, the ability to correct one's own mental and emotional state on stage, focused on self-development and further professional growth. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical and systemic methodologies used in the field of pedagogical research. General scientific and logical methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and comparative research of the problem are used. The subject of further research in this direction may be the study of the conditions for the formation and development of the stress and adaptation potential of emotional stability. We assume the presence of close correlations between the level of emotional stability and the effectiveness of overcoming emotional disruptions, stability in this case will indicate the severity of stress and adaptive capabilities of the individual.

«Healthy Personality» of a Modern University Student as a Research Concept

The issues of physiological and mental health of young people have always remained in the focus of researchers’ attention, however, there are practically no works where the “healthy personality” is considered more broadly, including the features of its functioning in a social context. The authors propose the concept of a “healthy personality”, which includes the following components: emotional stability and psychological well-being, a low degree of suggestibility and adherence to the values of goodness and security. These components meet the challenges of the modern world and underlie the ability of a student’s personality to withstand the challenges of extremism. A combination of techniques was used to create the concept: 1) “General Health Questionnaire” by Goldberg, 2) Schwartz Questionnaire and 3) “Suggestibility Test” by S.V. Klauchek and V.V. Delaryu. With the help of tools that include these methods and thematic blocks (attitudes towards the media, extremism, civic and political position), a questionnaire survey was conducted on a sample of 1,500 people representing the Russian students of three Moscow universities – RUDN University, Moscow State University and National Research University Higher School of Economics in terms of courses and areas of study.The purpose of the article is to develop a research concept of “healthy personality” based on a combination of existing methods used to measure conformity, psychological stability and emotional well-being and value orientations. As a result, the level of emotional stability and psychological wellbeing of Moscow students, the type of value orientations, and their level of conformity are revealed. The dominant personality type, calculated on the basis of the results of the methods, turned out to be “relatively healthy personality” (67.6%), one fifth of the respondents were classified as “healthy personality”, however, every tenth student is a “personality at risk”. The proposed concept can be used during sociological monitoring of educational services of the university in order to diagnose risk groups among first-year students.

Emotional stability and its relationship to anxiety about coronavirus among Najran University students

The study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional stability and anxiety about Coronavirus among Najran University students. To achieve the objectives of this descriptive study, the researchers used the scales of emotional stability and anxiety about the Coronavirus pandemic. The study sample consisted of (521) students at Najran University (319 males, 202 females), who were selected following the simple random method. The results revealed that the students’ level of emotional stability came to a medium degree, and the level of anxiety about the Coronavirus pandemic among students also came to a medium degree. In addition, there was a negative statistically significant correlation between emotional stability and the level of anxiety about the Coronavirus. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the level of emotional stability according to the gender variable in favor of females, indicating that males were more emotionally stable than females. Furthermore, there were significant differences based on the type of college in favor of scientific colleges. However, no significant differences in the level of anxiety in favor of gender or college type.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND ESTIMATION OF THE PARTICULARITIES OF OWN EXHAUSTION IN MEDICAL WORKERS UNDER COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONDITIONS. PILOT STUDY

Burnout syndrome is defined in the ICD-11. stated in section "273 – Problems related to the difficulty of organizing their own way of life", is a real scourge of the XXI century, especially for people who work within a communication-related field. This problem has gained particular importance under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic. However, the issues on development and specific manifestations of occupational stress among doctors of different specialties have not been systematically studied yet. Specialty scientific papers on the indicators that reflect the stress and burnout were consulted for the elaboration of the working tool (IPSSHM questionnaire - for diagnosing the professional stress syndrome in the healthcare workers) and selecting the testing methodology. A pilot study was conducted to assess the burnout syndrome as a complex systemic state of the professional activity of various medical specialists in the Republic of Moldova, depending on their psychophysiological characteristics. A questionnaire, which includes two parts (general and special), was developed. The general part of the questionnaire (with ten items) allowed to collect personal social, professional, and married data about the respondent, regarding age, biological gender, family situation, living environment, activity environment, medical specialty, place/work institution, work experience, and information about a part-time job. The unique part of the questionnaire represents a set of 131 items, which characterize the respondent through the prism of six distinctive structural blocks: emotional-sentimental, behavioral block, cognitive block, communicative block, individual-semantic block, and neurophysiological block. 38.3% of themedical workers tested (n=73) did not suffer from burnout, while 61.6% of them presented various signs of burnout. The specific characteristics of the professional exhaustion among healthcare workers were revealed depending on their specialty and work experience, as well as on their psychophysiological peculiarities. The most susceptible to stress factors were the healthcare workers with <10 years of working experience (77.1%). The constituent mental health blocks showed changes among different medical specialties under the influence of occupational exhaustion.The obtained results demonstrate the validity of the questionnaire and the possibility of its application identifying healthcare workers' burnout. A relationship between physician burnout, their behavioral type and level of emotional stability has been demonstrated.

Irrational Thoughts and Their Relationship to Emotional Stability for The Elderly in Jericho Governorate: الأفكار اللاعقلانية وعلاقتها بالاتزان الانفعالي لدى المسنين في محافظة أريحا

The aim of this study was to determine the level of irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly in Governorate of Jericho, as well as the relationship between them based on gender, economic level, accommodation type, and educational level. The descriptive-analytical approach, the irrational thoughts scale, and the emotional stability scale were employed to achieve these objectives. The sample included (300) elderly people, males and females, who were chosen randomly from the elderly attending the social development centers and Grandparents’ House in Jericho. Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlation coefficient, t- test, one-way ANOVA were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study revealed that the elderly in Jericho Governorate have a moderate degree of both irrational thoughts and of emotional stability. The results also demonstrated an inverse statistically significant relationship between irrational thoughts and emotional stability among the elderly. The results also showed no differences in the level of irrational thoughts among the elderly in the Jericho governorate due to the variables of gender or economic level. It was found that there were differences in the level of irrational thoughts due to accommodation type and educational level. The results showed that there were no differences in the level of emotional stability among the elderly based on gender, economic level, or accommodation type, while there are statistically significant differences in the level of emotional stability attributed to the educational level.

The Impacts of Propensity to Worry and Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Health of University Students

Epidemics and pandemics are difficult periods for the affected community, specifically in the proliferation of mental health issues. In such adverse times, factors of psychological vulnerability such as propensity to worry and low emotional stability might have a detrimental effect on the mental health of the individuals. To investigate the impact of such factors on mental health, this study examined the impacts of propensity to worry and fear of COVID-19 on anxiety depending on the individuals’ levels of emotional stability. As a means of such investigation, this study was conducted based on quantitative data, and the research sample was selected using a convenient sampling method. Participants included 304 university students (71.6% were women and 28.4% were men; MAge = 22.37 ± 3.04) and responded to the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and 10-Item Personality Inventory. The moderated mediation analysis using PROCESS macro (Model 14) was performed to examine the study hypotheses. Results revealed that propensity to worry was associated with anxiety symptoms. Fear of COVID-19 mediated this link and emotional stability moderated the relationship between propensity to worry and anxiety. The findings showed that trait worry, trait emotional stability, and fear of COVID-19 are determinants of anxiety symptoms, suggesting that such factors are important in understanding these issues.

الاتزان الانفعالي وعلاقته بالضبط الذاتي لدى طلبة جامعة الکويت

Abstract This study aimed to reveal the relationship of emotional stability with self-control among Kuwait university students. The sample of study consisted of (749) male and female students from Kuwait university students, selected randomly method. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used two tools, the first is emotional stability scale, consisting of (54) items, distributed on two domains, the second is self-control scale, consisting of (35) items, was verified from validity and stability indictors. The results of the study showed that the level of emotional stability among Kuwait university students came with a medium level. It also showed that there were significant differences in the level of emotional stability as a whole, and in the flexibility in the dealing with positions and events domain, according to differences of variable gender in favor of male, and there were no significant differences in level of emotional stability as a whole, and all domains, according to difference of variables study level, and the specialization. Finally the results of the study showed that the level of self-control among Kuwait university students, came with a medium level. The results showed that there was significant correlation relation between the emotional stability level, and self-control level among Kuwait university students. هدفت هذه الدراسة الکشف عن الاتزان الانفعالي وعلاقته بضبط الذات لدى طلبة جامعة الکويت، وقد تکونت عينتها من (749) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة جامعة الکويت، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثة مقياس الاتزان الانفعالي، المکون من (56) فقرة، موزعة على مجالين، و مقياس ضبط الذات، المکون من (35) فقرة، وتم التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي لدى طلبة جامعة الکويت جاء بدرجة متوسطة، کما بينت وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي ککل، وفي مجال المرونة في التعامل مع المواقف والأحداث، تعود لاختلاف متغير الجنس لصالح الذکور، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى الانفعالي ککل، وفي المجالات، تعزى لاختلاف متغيري المستوى الدراسي، والتخصص کما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى ضبط الذات لدى طلبة جامعة الکويت جاء بدرجة متوسطة وبينت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستوى الاتزان الانفعالي، ومستوى ضبط الذات لدى طلبة جامعة الکويت

Do all, or only some personality types engage in spreading negative WOM? An experimental study of negative WOM, big 5 personality traits and brand personality

ABSTRACT The focus of this research is on examining the interrelationships among brand personality, human personality traits, and the propensity to spread online negative word of mouth (WOM). The results across two studies show that consumers with higher levels of neuroticism (or lower emotional stability) have a greater propensity to spread negative WOM for a sincere brand than for an exciting brand. Conversely, consumers with higher levels of emotional stability exhibit no significant differences in negative WOM across sincere and exciting brands. Implications of these findings for theory are discussed, along with directions for future research.

ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ СКЛАДОВІ СТРЕСОСТІЙКОСТІ КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ (АКАДЕМІЧНЕ ВЕСЛУВАННЯ)

The aim of the study was to determine the state of psychophysiological functions of skilled athletes specializing in academic rowing, in relation to the level of existing stress, emotional stability and the effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability. To determine the state of psychophysiological functions, the maximum rate of movement of the hand (according to the method of tapping test) used diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). To study the strategies of coping with stress (coping strategies) and to determine the priority style of coping with stressful situations in athletes, the questionnaire "Identification of individual coping strategies" by E. Heim was used. To assess the current mental state of athletes (namely – the level of existing stress), emotional stability and effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability, the test of color choice M. Luscher was used. In the studied group of athletes revealed the prevalence of respondents with a high level of stress resistance, high and medium level of emotional stability, average efficiency of mental self-regulation and adaptability. The most common coping strategies among the surveyed athletes were: in the cognitive sphere – "preservation of self-control", in the emotional – "optimism", in the behavioral – "distraction". In general, the use of adaptive stress management strategies outnumbered non-adaptive and relatively adaptive strategies among athletes. Specific psychophysiological markers of stress resistance, efficiency of mental self-regulation and adaptability of the examined athletes were indicators of strength and efficiency of sensorimotor activity. Emotional stability of the surveyed athletes was associated with the strength and functional mobility of nervous processes. The identified relationships between indicators of psychophysiological functions and psychological characteristics of athletes can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in this sport.

Эмоциональная устойчивость личности в юношеском возрасте.

The article presents various definitions and characteristics of emotional stability, as well as its components. The purpose and objectives of the study are determined. The analysis of methods of correction and development of emotional stability of a personality in adolescence has been carried out. The approaches to the psychological correction of emotional stability are characterized. It is shown that psychodynamic in-cludes the creation of an environment that eliminates social and external obstacles to interpersonal conflict. The methods of resolution are art therapy, psychoanalysis, psy-chocorrection in the family. Behavioral helps to better master adaptive forms of behav-ior or help get rid of maladaptive forms. It is noted that with an acceptable level of emotional stability in a young man, moderate psychoticism, sensitivity and irritability are at an average level. In addition to the methods of correction, recommendations are given for the development of emotional stability.

ЕМОЦІЙНЕ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ СПОРТСМЕНІВ ПІД ЧАС ПОШИРЕННЯ ВІРУСУ «СOVID-19»

The impact of the spread of the virus «Сovid-19» on the economic, social and psychological aspects of human life is considered. The pandemic caused a situation of difficult communication with relatives and friends, without the usual way of life. Along with economic and professional challenges, there is a problem of adaptation to other, previously unknown conditions, which are often far from comfort and coziness. Congregation that person to achieve victory in the competition situation very important is the level of emotional stability«Сovid-19». The paper investigates the specifics of emotional load of professional athletes and amateur athletes during the spread of the virus «Сovid-19». It is proved that the effectiveness of sports activities in many respects depends on the level of emotional arousal, the ability to meet personal needs and the availability of appropriate social contacts. Peculiarities of preserving psychological well-being during quarantine restrictions in people who maintain an active lifestyle have been studied. Definitions, that one of the main problems is the limited professional activity and emotional stress, accompanied by anxiety before an uncertain and unclear future. A separate problem, in our opinion, is the affiliation of respondents to the category of people who are accustomed to active pastime. Isolation is seen as the impossibility of communication between members of the sports team, the lack of team training, non-compliance with team requirements, etc. The quarantine situation is a significant stress factor, which negatively affects the emotional state of the athlete. There is an urgent need to develop mechanisms to maintain the mental health, resilience and overall productivity of a person in conditions of forced isolation.

Mood, Physical, and Mental Load in Spanish Teachers of Urban School: The Role of Intensive or Split Shift

Psychosocial risk factors threaten the health of teachers, who are considered to be a group at high risk of suffering burnout syndrome. The objective of this study is to measure the levels of work satisfaction, burnout, engagement, emotional stability, fatigue, and mood of teachers, depending on their workday: intensive or split shift. A nonexperimental, descriptive–comparative research design is proposed for this study. A follow-up questionnaire has been developed to assess a teacher’s levels of physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and mood at the beginning and end of the 9 days of work analyzed. The study sample consisted of 125 teachers (102 women and 23 men) with a mean age of 38.67 years ( SD = 9.51) and 10.02 years of experience in teaching. The results show that the group of teachers working the traditional morning and afternoon shift present greater levels of physical and mental fatigue, worse mood, and less job satisfaction with supervision. However, there were no significant differences in levels of emotional stability, burnout, and engagement between the two groups of teachers. In short, it can be considered that the single morning shift generates higher levels of health among teachers.

Emotional Stability Interacts with Cortisol Levels Before fMRI on Brain Processing of Fearful Faces

Functional-Magnetic-Imaging (fMRI) is widely adopted to investigate neurophysiological correlates of emotion processing (EP). However, studies have reported that scanning procedures in neuroimaging protocols may increase or cause anxiety and psychological distress related with the scanning, thus inducing peripheral cortisol release. These phenomena may in turn impact on brain EP. Additionally, previous findings have indicated that inter-individual differences in stress-response intensity are mediated by levels of Emotional Stability (ES), a personality trait that has been associated with brain activity during EP, especially in amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between indices of stress related to anticipation of fMRI scanning and levels of ES on amygdala and PFC activity during EP.With this aim, 55 healthy volunteers were characterized for trait ES. Furthermore, salivary cortisol levels at baseline and soon before fMRI scanning were measured as an index of stress related to scanning anticipation. During fMRI, participants performed an explicit EP task.We found that variation in salivary cortisol (Δc) interacts with ES on left amygdala and PFC activity during EP. More in details, in the context of a higher ES, the greater the Δc, the lower the activity in left amygdala and PFC. In the context of lower ES, the opposite Δc-brain activity relationship was found.Our results suggest that the stressful potential of fMRI interacts with personality traits in modulating brain activity during EP. These findings should be taken into account when interpreting neuroimaging studies especially exploring brain physiology during EP.

DIAGNOSTICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF EMOTIONAL ATTITUDES OF AN INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE

The article deals with a theoretically determined the psychological component of the adaptation of forced migrants. Individual and group factors of social and psychological adaptation are characterized. The influence on the adaptation of subjective attitudes as an integrated personal characteristic of migrants is substantiated. The methodology of colour metaphors is developed and adapted for the diagnostics of internally displaced people (IDPs). The psychological peculiarities of the system of emotional attitudes of IDPs are empirically investigated. The gender specificity of the structure of the attitudes of forced migrants is determined (men have higher levels of emotional stability and self-esteem, they are more satisfied with business relations and focus on activities; women are satisfied with relationships in the informal sphere and more focused on the family).

THE REHABILITATION FUNCTION OF SPORT IN A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT

Sporting activity plays an important role in the lives of many people, while at the same time affecting their social functioning. The problem discussed in this paper refers to the psychological context of sporting activity of prisoners, who are people isolated from society and subjected to social rehabilitation. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to identify possible relations between sporting activity and personality traits of perpetrators of crimes participating in the rehabilitation process. This problem is socially important as some personality traits may reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation, while others may contribute to improving the effects of such activities and, at the same time, to positive functioning in the society. An analysis of selected texts relating to the problem revealed that the prisoners who were actively involved in sports had a higher level of emotional stability and extroversion compared to those who did not engage in such activities. Emotional stability is a desirable feature. Although extroversion may be considered a positive trait, it should be approached with caution in the case of prisoners as its high level may, at least in some cases, lead to impulsive or even violent behaviour.

The role of motivational factors in the health promotion training programs for the overweight subjects

The relevance of this ensues from the fact that despite the numerous currently available health promotion training programs for the reduction of body weight, there is still the need for the development of the new forms of the efficacious physical training programs and the methods of motivation for compliance with them among the people of different age, sex and social status. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of motivational factors, including the assessment of the biological age, in the improvement of the effectiveness of the health promotion training programs for the reduction of the excess body weight. A total of 82 students with overweight and first-degree obesity at the age from 17 to 21 years (average age 18.5±1.4 years) were examined. 42 girls included in the first (main) group spent 9 months performing health promotion training programs on an individual basis developed taking into consideration the motivational factors. The physical training programs included the aerobic exercise in the form of dance classes. 40 students in the control group were engaged in physical training envisaged by the academic curriculum of the university. The third group (the group of comparison) was comprised of 36 practically healthy girls having the normal body weight. We studied the components of the body composition with the use of bioimpedanceometry, evaluated the physical working capacity (the PWC-170 test) and the adaptive reserves of the body (heart rate variability test as proposed by R.M. Baevskyi, Garkavi test). In addition, the psycho-emotional status of the participants was estimated making use of the Lusher test and SAN. The biological age was determined by the original method based on the combination of the morphological and functional indices. The excess body weight in the students comprising group 1 was reduced by 10% on the average; simultaneously the physical working capacity among these students increased by an average of 24.5% while the level of emotional stability and self-esteem increased by 20% and 24%, respectively. We also documented a decrease in the initially increased biological age by 5 years on the average. The students included in group II did not experience any significant changes in the parameters of interest. The consideration of the motivational factors for the development of the training programs designed to promote the reduction of the excessive body weight significantly increases their effectiveness, as evidenced by the improvement of the morpho-functional and psychological characteristics in the students of the first group and its absence in their counterparts included in group II.