Level Of Dental Care Research Articles

English

Introduction: Addressing the health problems of prison inmates is a major challenge for public administrations, which are responsible for guaranteeing the necessary services to deal with them. It is therefore essential to know which are the chronic pathologies that affect them most frequently, what impact they have on the oral cavity and what type of treatments are required. The aim of this study is to shed further light on these questions. Material and method: Articles in PubMed on chronic and oral pathologies and treatment needs were reviewed. Results: The most prevalent chronic pathologies are heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer. Anxiety and depression are also highly prevalent among the prison population, along with the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and drugs of abuse. They are responsible for the appearance of caries and periodontal diseases, the treatment of which should be carried out in the prison environment. Conclusions: The level of dental care among the prison population is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive and therapeutic measures among inmates to improve their oral health and, consequently, their general health.

Features of the dental status of specialists-operators of underwater technical means of marine equipment

BACKGROUND: Conduct a comparative analysis of the dental status of specialists-operators of underwater technical equipment and military personnel of the St. Petersburg garrison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the dental formula of 66 contract servicemen was conducted. The main group consisted of 37 operators of underwater technical equipment aged 32 to 56 years, with average age of 44,7 ± 5,7 years. The comparison group included 29 officers of the St. Petersburg garrison aged 39 to 52 years, with average age of 46,3 ± 3,2 years. Dental status was assessed by the value of the intensity coefficient of carious process, and the level of dental care according to the generally accepted formula of P.A. Leus. RESULTS OF THE STUDY: It was found that the dental status of underwater equipment operators differs significantly in the number of decayed and extracted teeth, and although their coefficient of intensity of the carious process did not have statistical differences, it was significantly less (10 units) than in the comparison group (11 units). These features were naturally reflected in the reliable differences in the indicator of the level of dental care. In the group of operators of underwater technical means, it amounted to 92,4 ± 14,1%, and in the group of officers of the St. Petersburg garrison — 57,1 ± 18,4%. There were no significant differences in the study parameters when patients were divided into subgroups by age (young, medium). CONCLUSION: Despite the peculiarities of professional activity, the dental status and the level of dental care for underwater equipment operators are better than for officers of the St. Petersburg garrison. This can be explained not only by the higher level of medical and preventive dental care for these servicemen, but also by the better motivation to maintain dental health in connection with long autonomous trips.

АНАЛИЗ ОБЪЕМОВ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ В СИСТЕМЕ ПЛАТНЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УСЛУГ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the volume of dental orthopedic care for patients in the system of paid medical services in a multidisciplinary medical organization. Various epidemiological surveys conducted abroad and in our country have revealed an unsatisfactory condition of the organs and tissues of the mouth in the majority of the Russian population. Among dental pathology, tooth loss with subsequent functional disorders occupies a significant place [2–4]. One of the important indicators of dental health of the adult population, characterizing the level of dental care, is to ensure the need for prosthetics. According to WHO, the main causes of missing teeth are periodontitis and caries. Periodontitis is noted in 75–80% of the population, of which 90% are elderly and senile people. According to A. K. Kuryanov and L. N. Babenko (1988), 75% of 1,000 examined at the age of 60 needed dental prosthetics, and complete loss of teeth in the jaw was detected in 225 cases [1]. An analysis of the volume of dental orthopedic care for patients in the provision of paid medical services in orthopedic dentistry showed that for 5 years, among all manufactured orthopedic structures, removable plate prostheses with partial absence of teeth accounted for the largest volume, single crowns in second place, removable plate prostheses in the third place with complete absence of teeth. For each type of orthopedic structures manufactured, there is a growth trend from 2018 to 2022. There was a slight decrease in the volume of orthopedic dental care in 2020, due to the unfavorable epidemiological situation in the country at that time.

Attitudes of Gynecologists on Oral Health Care During the Pregnancy in the Republic of North Macedonia

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the attitudes and the knowledge of gynecologists in the Republic of North Macedonia on oral health care during the pregnancy.
 Materials and methods: The specialists and residents of obstetrics and gynecology in Republic of North Macedonia were involved in this cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted by a questionnaire which consisted the questions on general demographic data and issues related to the attitudes of gynecologists to oral health care of pregnant women. The data were collected from January to May 2022 using Google Form, a link to which questionnaire was send via available social media platforms.
 Results: Out of the total number of 120 respondents, 86 (71.64%) were specialists and 34(28.33%) residents of obstetrics and gynecology. As many as 116 (96.67%) gynecologists answered that they advise their patients to visit the dentist for an examination. However, of these 116 gynecologists, 16 (13.33%) responded by advising their patients to postpone a visit to the dentist until the end of the pregnancy. 79 (65.83%) gynecologists answered that their patients complained of gingival bleeding during pregnancy. 48 (40.33%) gynecologists answered that their patients complained about tooth mobility during pregnancy. When respondents were asked where they get information about the connection between oral health and pregnancy, only 27 respondents answered correctly that they receive information from all the above sources. Only 7 (5.83%) respondents, 5 specialists and 2 residents of obstetrics and gynecology know that breastfeeding a child can cause dental caries.
 Conclusion: Additional collaboration between gynecologists and doctors of dental medicine is essential in order for every pregnant woman to receive a satisfactory level of dental care and proper education on the preservation of oral health.

Evaluación del estado de salud bucal, necesidades autopercibidas, necesidades insatisfechas y barreras para la utilización de servicios dentales entre la población de edad avanzada institucionalizada en Chennai, India: Un estudio transversal

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and identify oral health perceived and unmet needs, and barriers in utilization of dental services among institutionalized elderly population in Chennai. Materials and Methods: Across sectional study was conducted among institutionalized an elderly population aged 65-74 years. Oral health status was assessed using the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (2013). Self-perceived oral health needs and barriers in the utilization of dental services were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi Square Test was done to analyse the data. Results: There was a high frequency of periodontitis among the study participants. The unmet oral health needs were high. The self-perceived oral health condition was good among the study participants. The major barrier for utilization of dental services was the lack of information on oral health. Conclusions: In India, which is a developing country, a low level of dental care results from low-level financing of the Indian health care system. This, however, does not mean that even in the current poor economic conditions, it is impossible to improve the dental awareness of the residents of care homes. The improvement is also possible through the inclusion of dental check-ups into the schedule of general dental examinations of the residents performed once in 6 months. Keywords: Oral health; Needs assessment; Barriers to access of health services; Aged; Health of institutionalized elderly; Dental care for aged

A-PRF AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ALVEOLAR AUGMENTATION

A dentist-surgeon performs a large number of different surgical procedures. Despite the fact that in the 21st century, the level of dental care is high, the number of tooth extractions has not decreased. The main component of surgical work is the extraction of a tooth.
 The article analyzes the clinical and radiological control of the process of socket regeneration using A-PRF technology, in addition, an assessment of the opinion of doctors on the use of this technique of hole preservation after removal was carried out.
 In his practice, a dental surgeon often encounters complications after a tooth extraction operation, and in order to avoid them, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures aimed at improving the rehabilitation period, optimizing the reparative process and improving the results of surgical treatment.
 Based on the results of our work, we found that this technique is not popular among doctors, although it shows good results. When using A-PRF clot, the period of socket epithelialization is reduced, and early formation of a bone pattern is observed, which we do not observe in patients in whom this technique is not used.
 In order not to carry out repeated surgical reception in the future, it is necessary to think about early conservation.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ТВЕРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБОВ И ПАРОДОНТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ КИШЕЧНИКА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The work presents the results of assessing the spread of pathology of hard tissues of teeth and periodontal in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Objective. Assessment of the intensity and spread of pathology of dental hard tissues and inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC). Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and dental examination of 70 patients with CD and CUC was carried out. The complex of dental examination included the analysis of complaints, anamnesis, assessment of the condition of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal tissues. Assessment of the intensity level of nociceptive pain was carried out using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results and discussion. As a result of the clinical examination, a high prevalence of caries (K02) was revealed in CD and CUC, respectively, in 97.2% and 91.4% of cases, high and very high intensity of the carious process according to the CP index ≥ 10. With CD, the symptom of hyperesthesia, increased erasure of mixed teeth and wedge-shaped defects were most often observed in 100, 77.14 and 60.0% of cases, in 68.57% chronic periodontitis prevails (K05.3), with CD, the symptom of hyperesthesia (K03.80) and increased tooth erasure (K03.0) were 1.2 times less common) (p < 0.05), chronic gingivitis prevails in 62.85% (K05.10). The level of intensity of the pain symptom for patients with CD and CUC corresponds to the VAS scale from moderate to significant (p < 0.001). Results. As a result of a comprehensive dental examination of patients with CD and CUC, a high prevalence and intensity of caries and non-carious dental hard tissue lesions, inflammatory periodontal diseases, the level of dental care in persons with CD and CUC is insufficient. Conclusion. The connection of dental status with clinical manifestations of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases is beyond doubt. The ambiguity of the etiology and pathogenesis of CD and CUC as well as the significant similarity of their clinical manifestations, dictate the need for an integrated approach to the development of methods for diagnosing pathology of hard tissues of teeth and periodontal and assessing their clinical features.

Prognostic modeling of dental caries risk in children with mixed dentition using computer software

Relevance. There is currently an active introduction of information technologies in various spheres of human life, especially medicine. And dentistry is no exception, which undoubtedly increases dental care level. The article describes a computer program for the preclinical prediction of caries development risk in permanent teeth in children after the eruption. The program allows for identifying disease development risks allowing you to carry out preventive measures in advance. Purpose: Development of a simple and accessible computer system providing information support to dentists in dental caries risk identification and timely prescription of preventive measures.Material and methods. Obtaining and processing information on the clinical and laboratory parameters of caries-resistant children with mixed dentition was the first stage for creating a computer system. The statistical analysis detected the factors influencing the carious process development risks and determining critical values. A developer wrote a program, according to the requirement specifications, which simulates possible carious process development risks.Results. The received software allows for identifying caries development risks at the preclinical stage, scheduling checkup times and recommending duly caries preventive measures.Conclusion. Software program experimental implementation showed a high coincidence between the clinical picture and PC program approbation after a two-year observation of caries-resistant children with mixed dentition.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health

The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland is from March 2020 to May 2022. During this time, dental personnel were identified as one of the groups with the highest risk of the virus, resulting in a sanitary regime in dental offices. Numerous restrictions and precautions began to generate additional costs, and patient fear avoided visits. Many offices stopped working during the pandemic period. The aim of this study was to examine the impact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemic had on the level of dental care and on changing oral health habits in Poland. The study, which included 312 individuals, showed a significant increase in endodontic visits and extractions and a decrease in conservative treatments and hygienization performed. Despite the withdrawal of the epidemic state in Poland, the intensity of follow-up visits has still not returned to those prior to March 20, 2020, and the fear of the virus has exacerbated the lingering anxiety of many patients to see a dentist. 

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVENTION MEASURES EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARIOUS DENTAL LESIONS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The prevalence and severity of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity are directly dependent on the level of dental care. The specific living conditions and combat activities of the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, associated with the characteristics of the military profession, influence the course of pathological processes of the dentofacial apparatus and require appropriate methods of prevention and treatment. The purpose of the research: to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of dental caries in military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Materials and methods. To conduct the study, 348 military personnel of the Ternopil zonal department of the Military Law Enforcement Service (TZDMLES) were examined; they underwent a clinical examination in order to identify carious dental damage. The intensity of caries was determined according to the CFE index, and the acid resistance of enamel was studied using the TER test. After the initial examination, military personnel of all ages underwent complete sanitation of the oral cavity. According to indications, fissures were also opened and sealed. When enamel resistance was found to be decreased and initial forms of caries were present, patients underwent deep fluoridation of enamel and dentin. In order to optimize primary prevention measures for the development of major dental diseases for military personnel, we have developed an oral care program for the period of stay in the combat zone. Results. When studying the prevalence of the carious process during the initial examination among military personnel of the TZDMLES, it was found that the prevalence of the carious process in this category of people was high: from 83.08% in the age group of 20 to 25 years to 100% in the age groups of 36 to 40 and 41 to 45 years. Indicators of the intensity of the carious process tend to increase among men and women in all age groups. After 12 months of observation, a decrease in the increase in the “C” index and a significant increase in the acid resistance of enamel was noted in all age groups examined. Conclusions. When planning measures for the primary prevention of the development of carious lesions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the life of patients, which is especially reasonable for military personnel who are in the combat zone, and carry out preventive measures together with therapeutic ones in order to reduce the risk of developing major dental diseases and increase their combat effectiveness.

Features of the course of teeth caries in children of Bukovina region

The prevalence of dental diseases is high, regardless of age. In the literature, the indicators of the prevalence and intensity of the main dental nosologies in different parts of Ukraine are widely covered. However, they are significantly higher in regions with contrasting geographical conditions, one of which is the Chernivtsi region. That is why the study of dental morbidity in children in the age aspect in this region is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth in children of different ages living in Bukovina. To establish the dental status of children in Bukovyna, we examined 839 children of various ages in 13 schools of Chernivtsi region. The following observation groups were selected: I – 306 6-year-old children, II – 298 12-year-old children, III – 235 15-year-old children. The prevalence, intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, Significant Caries Index, level of dental care were evaluated. The degree of probability of the obtained results was statistically assessed. Because of the conducted research, it was established that the incidence of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, regardless of age and region of residence, is high: in 6-year-old children ‒ 96.73%, in 12-year-old children ‒ 84.89%, in 15-year-old children ‒ 89.78%. In temporary teeth, the intensity of caries was 5.19±0.30 teeth. In the structure of the index, the "d" component was from 77.47% to 87.45% depending on the region, with the share of caries complications in this structure – 12.53‒15.48%. Prematurely removed temporary molars were detected in all regions of Bukovyna: from 1.59% to 4.39%. Every fourth to fifth child aged 6 has 1-2 recently erupted permanent teeth affected by caries, and in mountainous areas – almost every second one. The "D" component was also predominant. In its structure, 5.55% were complications of caries in recently erupted permanent teeth of children living in the mountainous region. With age, the values of the caries intensity index increased: 4.28 times in 12-year-olds and 6.40 times in 15-year-olds compared to 6-year-olds. The ratio between the components of the indicator remained the same as in the previous age period ‒ the number of carious teeth predominated over filled ones. At 12-year-old children, caries complications were 7.95%, at 15-year-old children – 5.57%. The level of providing dental care to children was satisfactory only for 15-year-old children of the Vyzhnytsky district. In the rest of the regions, regardless of age, the level of providing dental care was insufficient. Therefore, the high prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, the insufficient level of providing dental care indicate the need to study the risk factors for the development of caries in children for the further development of regionally adapted treatment and prevention programs. Keywords: children, caries, complications of caries, prevalence, intensity, SiC-index.

Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and the Related Factors among 3-5- Year-Old Children in Babol, Iran.

Statement of the Problem: Regular dental checkups to diagnose early childhood caries (ECC) are critical for maintaining and improving children's oral health and well-being. The prevalence of ECC is important for planning proper oral health programs.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ECC and its related factors in children aged 3 to 5 years at Babol, Iran.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 children aged 3-5 years in the kindergartens of Babol. Children were examined for dental caries according to World Health Organization criteria. The variables such as age, gender, health, nutritional habits, parents' educational level, parents' job status, and level of dental care were recorded in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square and ANOVA and p< 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Average decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) were 4.03±3.6 and 73.2% in children with ECC, while 26.8% were caries-free. A significant association was found between age, snack consumption, father’s education, mother’s job, nocturnal drinking milk, tooth-brushing, and a history of dental check up before age 2 with ECC.Conclusion: The results of this analysis showed a high prevalence of ECC in Babol. Therefore, educational and interventional programs in prevention and dental health care, especially for mothers, nurses, and teachers of these age groups, should be considered.

АNALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FORECASTING OF INFLUENCE OF ERGONOMICS OF DENTISTS WORK ON THE RESULT OF ENDONTIC TREATMENT

Abstract. The ergonomic aspect of work is one of the keys to the daily practice of a dentist. In-depth study and development of ways to optimize the basic ergonomic principles of work, monitoring the dynamics of implementation and, if necessary, the possibility of their correction is an important scientific and practical issue that can increase the level of dental care.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the ergonomic components of the work of dentists and the outcome of endodontic treatment and the risk of errors in the treatment of root canals with software.&#x0D; Materials and methods: target research methods Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (for the upper extremities) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (for the whole body of the dentist), StatPlus Pro software, X-ray examination. Simulation of changes in the position of individual components of the musculoskeletal system during the treatment of root canals and the accompanying analysis of the obtained numerical parameters of these changes were performed using adapted software Tecnomatix Jack (Siemens).&#x0D; Results and discussion. Each stage of the dentist's work cycle during endodontic interventions was stratified in the form of segmented scenarios, which were compared with video monitoring data to ensure a sufficient level of approximation; then separated the facts of deviations from the ergonomically-reasoned position of the body of the dentist, taking into account the recurrence of their occurrence and providing an interpretation of the results in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the observed deviations.&#x0D; Based on the data of systematization of the main deviations of individual elements of the musculoskeletal system and the body of the dentist as a whole from the ergonomic-reasoned ranges, first corrected the most critical violations in the digital environment and re-test according to RULA and REBA organization of the work process. Systematization of data of the regression analysis, it is possible to note characteristic feature of decrease in the frequency of registration of the cases of the mistakes made during endodontic treatment of all groups of teeth, at the achievement of the highest values of RULA and REBA indicators.&#x0D; According to the results of modeling and theoretical justification of the implementation of the necessary ergonomic changes for each of the dentists of the study, the sample formulated a set of individual recommendations, the implementation of which in the workflow helped increase the effectiveness of endodontic interventions and reduce the number of errors.&#x0D; Conclusions. Modeling the main patterns of changes in the working position of dentists during root canal treatment and analysis of such in the structure of the digital environment according to the data, promotes targeted identification of problematic elements of the workflow in terms of compliance with ergonomic criteria and specifics of their changes, the possible fact of using optically magnifying equipment, work with rotary and manual types of endodontic instruments.&#x0D; The proposed approach to the optimization of endodontic treatment in terms of compliance with relevant ergonomic criteria is individual-specific, and the systematization of general characteristics, which were registered among the entire sample, will help expand the integrated system of improving the quality and efficiency of dental care in its structure.&#x0D; Prospects for further research. Evaluation of the practical significance and actual feasibility of using the approach of discrete-event modeling of triangulation relations to optimize the ergonomic components of the work process during endodontic treatment.

The main criteria of dental morbidity in children under seven years of age living in regions with different fluoride content in drinking water

Relevance. Early caries is one of the most prevalent childhood diseases worldwide. Up to 32% of three-year-olds have tooth decay, the prevalence of caries in 6-7-year-old children in different cities of Russia increases to 65%, while 55.7% of children have caries of permanent teeth. In order to improve the quality of dental care, it is necessary to receive information about the prevalence and intensity of dental diseases, taking into account medical geography. Purpose – to assess caries and fluorosis incidence rate in primary teeth, to determine the hygiene index and the level of dental care for children under seven years old living in regions with different fluoride concentrations in drinking water.Materials and methods. The study conducted dental examinations of 150 children living in the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow aged 1 to 6 years and of 200 children living in Krasnogorsk aged 1 to 6 years. The study included the patients based on the developed inclusion criteria and informed voluntary parent consent. We entered the data into the registration card, which noted the dental formula, the prevalence and intensity of caries, the hygiene index according to Fedorov-Volodkina, the level of dental care according to P.A. Leus (1987).Results. Children living in an area with a low fluoride concentration in drinking water show the first signs of caries by the first year of age, then there is a significant increase, observed in the group of 3and 6-year-olds. The prevalence of caries in 1-year-old children living in an endemic focus of fluorosis is almost two times lower than in children living in an area with a reduced content of fluorides in drinking water, in 3-4-year-old children – 1.5 times lower, and in 5-6-year-old children 2 times lower. Along with this, 16-year-old children living in the focus of endemic fluorosis, Krasnogorsk, Moscow region, revealed fluorosis of primary teeth with a prevalence of 27%.Conclusions. The results indicates the need to increase the frequency and quality of patient education and increase the level of dental care.

THE PROSTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF THE MANDIBLE EDENTULOUSNESS. CLINICAL CASE

The article presents a clinical case of the prosthodontic treatment of the mandible edentulousness.&#x0D; Edentulousness is a widespread pathology that depends on the social and economic situation in the country, the demographic situation, the level of dental care and prevention organization. The current worldwide trend of population aging leads to an increase in the number of the elderly, and this number is expected to increase in the future. According to the WHO, today about 600 million people are people over 60, and this number will have doubled by 2030 and will constitute 2 billion in 2050 mostly in developed countries. The situation in Ukraine is not better.&#x0D; Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of patients with edentulousness requires a comprehensive approach to the prosthodontic treatment planning. Complete removable laminar dentures on the mandible have a number of disadvantages. Insufficient fixation, stabilization, diction problems, aesthetic problems, decreased self-esteem of the patient are among the key ones. Modern protocols of the prosthodontic treatment require the manufacture of dental prostheses based on intraosseous dental implants.&#x0D; Complete dentures based on intraosseous dental implants have a number of advantages over the fixed dentures. Compensation for deficient bone support of the facial soft tissues occurs by means of the basis. Patients’ possibility to remove a secondary restoration by themselves lead to proper hygiene of the oral cavity and peri-implant area in particular.&#x0D; The clinical research conducted by S. Wolfart (2016) showed the possibility of fixed/removable dental prosthesis fixation in 14-31 days (early loading) after the surgical stage of implantation provided that 4-6 intraosseous dental implants were installed. The maximum mobilization of the patient to comply with the recommendations and prescriptions is the main task considering the limited postoperative period before the dental prosthesis fixation.&#x0D; Our publication describes the treatment of a patient born in 1967, who was diagnosed with a mandible complete absence of teeth. Diagnosis, examination and treatment were performed on the basis of the Department of Dentistry Postgraduate Education of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.&#x0D; The described prosthodontic treatment plan involves the manufacture of a complete denture with bar system based on four intraosseous dental implants according to the early loading protocol in a patient with primary treatment of mandible edentulousness.&#x0D; The choice of treatment plan was based on the results of past medical history, the patient’s disease, basic and additional methods of examination, analysis of individual indications and contraindications and readiness for the selected treatment plan.&#x0D; This treatment protocol has its advantages over the protocol of manufacturing a fixed prosthesis based on intraosseous dental implants such as a higher level of proprioceptive sensations, increased level of hygiene, lower complexity of clinical and laboratory stages, affordability.&#x0D; The term of clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing (from the surgical stage of implant treatment to the fixation of the dental prosthesis) constituted 16 days.&#x0D; Additional opportunities for success in clinical and laboratory stages of treatment, the accuracy of manufacture and minimization of complications in the future were created as a result of the combination of digital and analog treatment methods in dental prosthesis manufacturing.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE METHODS DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION IN DENTAL

Scientific approbation is devoted to the issues of disinfection and sterilization in dentistry, requirements for the prevention and prevention of transmission of infectious diseases through unsterilized medical instruments and equipment. The paper provides basic information on research and development in this area, describes certain methods of sterilization, control over the quality of its implementation and the effectiveness of these measures. Basic hygiene requirements were identified to improve the quality of treatment and the level of dental care. The main difficulties, difficulties and errors that employees of a medical institution may encounter during disinfection and sterilization in dentistry are considered and studied.

Analysis of the condition of solid tissues of teeth and the level of dental care provided to children with rheumatic diseases

Relevance. Rheumatic diseases strongly influence the condition of the oral cavity, salivary glands and the temporomandibular joint, that, along with poor oral hygiene in children and active growth, increases the risk of oral disease development. The growing number of rheumatic diseases in children requires evaluation of the oral cavity condition and assessment of the provided dental services; enhancement of the professional oral care in children with rheumatic diseases through the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the performed dental procedures and development of caries prevention measures based on the analysis of the epidemiological survey results.Materials and methods. 316 children with rheumatic pathology aged 1 to 18 years were examined. The children were divided into three age groups: group I – 1-5 years, group II – 6-12 years, group III – 13-17 years. The Oral hygiene and past dental experience questionnaire was developed for each group. Hard dental tissue condition and caries intensity level (df – in group I, df+DMF – in group II, DMF – in group III) were assessed, the oral hygiene index was calculated by the child age. On dental examination, past caries treatment and its complications were considered, the level of dental care (LDC) according to Leus was assessed.Results. The received data on caries intensity in all age groups and all medical conditions were analyzed. The values corresponded to the high and very high intensity (4.2 to 13); the values were 1.89 – 3 times higher than the values received during the epidemiological survey in children of the same age groups in Russia. Multiple primary and secondary (as a complication after the previous dental treatment) caries, associated with poor oral hygiene, was detected. The data revealed that the dental care level in children with rheumatic diseases was ‘poor’ and ‘insufficient’ The interview of the children and their parents showed that 91% of children had never had preventive treatment and 89% of children visited the dentist less than twice a year. The examination revealed that secondary caries, that had developed in 50% of children after the treatment of caries and its complications, and bad fillings, that had to be replaced.Conclusions. Thus, indirect influence of the main disease on the hard dental tissues in children was revealed – motivation for dental treatment and good oral hygiene was decreased for the lack of knowledge. The analysis of dental treatment quality in such children was insufficient. Only emergency dental visits as well as inappropriate materials and methods used for the treatment of caries and its complications result in secondary caries. So, customized treatment approach and prevention programs should be developed and introduced for the oral care in children with rheumatic diseases according to the main disease course, administered background therapy and the level of dental health education.

ORAL HEALTH OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF VAIGACH ISLAND, ARCTIC RUSSIA

Introduction: Environmental, social and cultural factors are the main determinants of human health including oral health. However, the evidence on oral health among indigenous people of Arctic Russia is very scarce. Aim: To assess dental health among indigenous residents of the Arctic island of Vaigach. Methods: All 14 children and 24 adults of the Nenets ethnic group permanently living on Vaigach island (Arctic Russia) were examined. The prevalence and experience of dental caries was measured using the sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent and primary dentition (DMFT, dft, dft + DMFT). Oral hygiene was assessed by Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS). Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was studied by y Оral Health Imрact Рrоfile-14 (OHIP-14). The data are presented as medians with the first- and the third quartiles (Q1; Q3). Results: A moderate prevalence and low experience of caries was revealed among children of the indigenous ethnic group (dft = 1,5 (0,0; 4,5), dft + DMFT = 2,5 (1,0; 4,0)). All 100 % of adults had caries with DMFT of 15,0 (8,0; 25,5). As many as 42 % had a healthy periodontium, 33 % had gingivitis 25 % had periodontitis. At the same time, the level of hygiene was good and with low intensity of gingival inflammation (median OHIS = 1,0 (0,3; 1,0). Periodontal attachment loss of 0-3 mm and 4-5 mm was observed in 75,0 % and 4.2 % of participants, respectively. The level of dental care was insufficient 13,4 (0,0; 61,3) %. The median total OHIP-14 score was 6,5 (2,0; 12,0) suggesting a good level of OHRQoL. Conclusion: Our results warrant development of activities aimed at promotion of oral health and OHRQoL and prevention of caries and other oral diseases of the indigenous people in Arctic Russia.

ANALISIS PENGHITUNGAN BIAYA SATUAN (UNIT COST) TINDAKAN POLI GIGI KLINIK PRATAMA X MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING

Background: The high demand for dental and oral care in the community has led to an increase in Dental Poly visits to the PratamaX clinic. Determining the unit cost of polydental procedures is an important factor in clinic financing and increasing clinic revenue.Until now, the clinic owner has never evaluated the cost of dental poly surgery correctly and has not referred to the cost analysis ofthe service unit.Objective: To analyse the unit cost per Dental Poly procedure at Pratama X Clinic by using the Time Driven Activity Based Costing(TDABC) method.Methods: Descriptive observational study, using primary and secondary data from the clinic with the aim of obtaining a unit costcalculation of dental poly procedures. The design of this research was cross sectional and the type of data used was quantitative data.The results of the calculation and cost analysis to determine the unit costs of dental poly procedures in the form of tartar cleaning, dentalfillings with composite resin materials, tooth extraction and dental braces treatment (fixed orthodontics) by tracing costs related to thecost center of the procedure and other parts. that supports action. Results: Based on the unit cost calculation per procedure at thedental clinic, the Time Driven Activity Based Costing cost system imposed indirect costs in calculating unit costs at the Pratama XClinic. Because the Pratama X Clinic did not accurately classify direct and indirect costs, Pratama X Clinic was not accurate in allocating the costs, number and working hours of ineffective PratamaX Clinic employees.Conclusion: According to the data obtained, the application of Time Driven Activity Based Costing resulted in higher levels of dental care compared to the Pratama X Clinic, except for dental fillingswith small composite resin and dental orthodontics.&#x0D;

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ЧАСТНОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИИ В 21 ВЕКЕ

Private dentists are now ubiquitous. However, there are a number of differences in the equipment of clinics and the competence of the services provided. The purpose of this study is to highlight the economic aspect in the development of modern dentistry. Technological innovations and modern design methods can facilitate the transition to a sustainable and highly qualified dental care system. We have divided dental care by economic nature into two levels. First-level dentistry has been largely defined by the standard treatment of established dental diseases, second-level Dentistry marks a new era of patient-centered, technological, results-oriented, and prevention-oriented dental care with significant advantages in the use of modern high-quality material, a wide range of diagnostic services, and highly aesthetic technologies. The wide coverage of modern technologies helps to attract patients, show them a high level of dental care, create the right advertising and Express the quality of dental services provided. Thus, based on the data obtained, it is necessary to carry out competent equipment of the dental office at the early stages, which requires maximum costs. Conduct training of all employees at a decent level and, of course, use modern technologies in everyday practice, namely analysis of clinical cases, photo Protocol, advertising on the Internet in order to motivate and competent approach to oral care.