Level Of Coordination Abilities Research Articles

Gender differences in the level and trainability of students' coordination abilities (САs) (review)

Background: Analysis and discussion of the studies of authors from different countries and their experimental data on the level and dynamics of development, gender differences, and trainability of different coordination abilities (CAs) in students aged from 18 to 24 years. Methods: The study involved freestyle wrestlers aged 10-13, 14-16, and 17-20 years (n = 127); male (n = 20) and female (n = 10) kickboxers, and male (n = 15) and female (n = 13) taekwondo fighters aged 18 to 27 years; Taekwondo students (n = 24); female (n = 95) and male (n = 65) first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Krakow aged 20.1 to 23.5 years. Results: It was found that compared to the somatic indicators and the level of development of abilities related to strength and conditioning (strength, speed, endurance), in which men aged 18-24 years showed significantly higher performance than women (by 10-20% or more), gender differences in the development of CAs are not manifested so obviously and unambiguously. Actually, the development of CAs at the age over 18–19 years without special targeted training and regular training sessions using coordination exercises stops in different sports; when using approximately the same targeted coordination training, approximately the same training potential of male and female students for the improvement of different CAs is observed. Conclusions: The level and rates of improvement of all CAs with age largely depend on the individual characteristics of the students, including their response to the same training load. With age, with an increase in the length of time spent in sports and an increase in performance, a decrease in sex differences in the level of most CAs is observed, which, most likely, can be explained by the similarity of neurophysiological and psychophysiological substrates and mechanisms underlying the optimal control and regulation of complex motor activities.

Age dynamics of development of coordination abilities of primary school students

The article analyzes the indicators of the development of coordination abilities of pupils in grades 2-3, which, on average, correspond to the "average" level. The comparison of data in the age and gender aspect shows, mainly, a significant increase in indicators with age and the dominance of boys' results over girls' data. The analysis of secondary indicators indicates a significant increase in the results at the end of the year, which resulted in the overall level of development of coordination abilities increased to "below average".
 Most of the data obtained during the experiment show a significant increase in the level of coordination abilities (P<0.05) in boys and girls of 2nd and 3rd grades. But we see that in some coordination exercises indicators are lower than average level of norms, so we can conclude that little attention is paid to development of these qualities. This suggests that in the process of education little attention is paid to the development of these qualities.
 It is necessary to develop more differentiated methods of physical education of primary school children to improve some of the results of tests of coordination abilities. Children with low scores should be offered to attend some sections with a physical inclination and be guided to improve their personal performance.

Improvement of coordination abilities of qualified athletes specializing in fencing

Background and Study Aim. The aim of the research is to investigate the efficiency of designed complexes of training exercises aimed to improve the coordination abilities of qualified athletes in fencing.
 Material and Methods. 22 qualified athletes specializing in fencing aged from 15 to 18 took part in the research. The study design included the sequential pedagogical experiment that was realized through the several stages. At the first stage, the preliminary testing of the athletes’ coordination abilities (n=22) was conducted. During the preliminary testing the following tests were applied: jumps to the line; shuttle run (4x9 m.); T-test, straight touch from en-garde position to the target of 10 cm in diameter from close range (10 attempts); straight lunge attack from en-garde position to the target of 10 cm (10 attempts). At the second stage of the pedagogical experiment two complexes of exercises aimed at developing the coordination abilities of the athletes were applied for 3 months. The experimental complexes of exercises were used twice a week. At the third stage, the efficiency of experimental complexes aimed at the developing of coordination abilities of qualified athletes in fencing was checked through a control testing. The Statistica 10 software created by the StatSoft Company was used for statistical processing of data.
 Results. It was established that during the process of coordination abilities development, the greatest attention should be given to the athletes’ ability to control timing, spatial and physical parameters of moves and moves consistency. To improve the process of developing the coordination abilities of the qualified athletes in fencing two complexes of training exercises were developed. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the statistical differences in the levels of the athletes’ coordination abilities manifestation before and after using experimental training complexes (p<0.05).
 Conclusions. It has been shown that specially developed training complexes could be used during the training process in order to develop and increase the level of coordination abilities of qualified athletes in fencing. The analysis of experts’ opinion showed that the development of coordination abilities in fencing should be oriented towards the development of athletes’ ability to control timing, spatial and physical parameters of movements.

The influence of skiing and cycling on the coordination abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old

The article presents the indicators of physical fitness and coordination abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old. Under the influence of specific physical loads in accordance with the chosen kind of sport, data on speed and speed- power qualities were obtained, as well as the level of coordination abilities of young athletes of 10-11 years old. Objective. To determine the coordinating abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old during nine months of training in the chosen kind of sport. Skiing and cycling are extreme sports. But the material, technical, scientific and methodological support in these sports in Ukraine is at an insufficient level in comparison with Europe and America. Numerous studies have shown that the development of coordination abilities at a young age at the initial stage of long-term training must be combined with technical training.
 It is also noted that it is impossible at a young age to predict an athletic result in a chosen sport without taking into account the functional features and especially technical skill. At the present stage, there is no doubt that the high intensity of use in the training process of exercises that provide the maximum efficiency of specific exercises of a coordination orientation.
 At the same time, one-sided emphasis on technical training, especially at the initial stages of sports training, following the data of researchers, leads to limitation of motor actions. Therefore, our research is devoted to a relevant topic. The physical fitness testing of 10-11 year old sportsmen, carried out by us at the beginning and at the end, showed positive dynamics in all indicators. Statistical changes were determined in cyclists relative to skiers in pulling up on the crossbar, in raising the legs on the crossbar, in jumping over a log in 20 s, in long jump from a place (p <0,05). The training methodology introduced into the training process of young cyclists positively influenced the level of coordination abilities of young athletes of 10-11 years old. The growth rate turned out to be 8,4 % higher in walking on an 8-meter bench, by 7,0 % in the difference between a 15-meter run and a 15-meter slalom run, by 4,2 % in a 10-meter shuttle run 3 cubes each for cyclists relative to skiers.

Changes in the Level of Dynamic Balance Among Winter Sports Competitors, Candidates for ZSMS (School of Winter Sports Championship) in Zakopane over the Years 2007-2016

Research aim. The aim of the study is to determine changes in the level of the ability to maintain balance in dynamic conditions over the last decade among winter sports competitors, candidates for junior high and high school of the Winter Sports Championship School Complex in Zakopane (ZSMS). The following research questions were formulated: 1. Have there been any significant changes in the level of dynamic balance among candidates for practicing winter sports at ZSMS Zakopane over the last 10 years? 2. Did the possible changes in the examined subjects have a similar range in both the analysed directions of deflection (anterior-posterior and lateral)? 3. Have the differences in the level of dynamic balance between 13 and 16-year-old candidates remained at a similar level in the analysed time period? Materials and methods. The study comprised a group of 133 boys, candidates for junior high school (age 13.32 ± 0.77), and a group of 198 candidates for high school (age 16.02 ± 0.48). The Libra balance platform from the Italian company EasyTech was used to determine the level of balance on unstable an unstable surface. A sinusoid with an amplitude of 5° and a frequency of 10 cycles /min were used as the trajectory pattern. The balance curvature of r = 40 cm and the 6th degree of difficulty (5° deviation from the reference line in each direction) were used. The results of the following trials were used for the analysis: stability index (SI), total area (TA) and index of balancing precision (IBP). The tests were carried out separately in the frontal and sagittal planes. Before beginning measurements, basic somatic features of the subjects were evaluated. The differences in the results of individual stability parameters were verified via the Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests. Results. Over the analysed decade, both the 13- and 16-year-olds demonstrated significant improvement in the values of all tested stability parameters in the frontal plane. Among junior high school students, values amounted to: SI = 40.5%; TA = 30.0%; IBP = 52.5%, while for high school students: SI = 32.1%; TA = 23.6.0%; IBP = 49.4%. However, the occurrence of such positive changes in the sagittal plane was not confirmed. Similarly, 13-year-olds showed improvement for the results in the following areas: SI = 22.9%; TA = 18.2%; IBP = 33.5%, while 16-year-olds: SI = 11.6%; TA = 9.9%; IBP = 16.8%. A gradual disappearance of the differences in the balance level between junior high and high school ZSMS candidates was found. Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the level of dynamic balance among winter sports athletes over the period of 10 years allows to indicate that this ability did not follow the trends characteristic of the national population in terms of motor fitness. The presented results suggest either constant improvement in the subjects’ stability (frontal plane), or its maintenance at a good and stable levels (sagittal plane). This is an optimistic conclusion, as many authors believe that the results obtained on balance platforms not only characterise the level of postural stability, but also that the speed of adaptation to conditions of an unstable ground is a determinant of the subject’s level of coordination abilities.

A comparative look at the morfo-functional profiles of the polish junior and senior badminton representation

Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the morpho-functional profiles of Polish badminton players in junior and senior age categories and to check the stability of variables determining the sports level of Polish representatives in the junior category compared to the results achieved in this respect by the senior representatives. Materials and methods. Research was conducted in 2017 among a group of 12 badminton players appointed to the Polish team. The comparative data were derived from research among 16 juniors, representing the Polish team of badminton players for this age category. The scope of research included those variables that - using multidimensional statistical analyses - were identified as determinants of the sports level regarding the so-called morpho-functional profile prepared for a group of juniors. These were the following variables: body height, shoulder width, arm range with racket, amplitude of movements in the radial-wrist joint, power of upper and lower limbs, running speed, strength of adominal muscles, response time with choice, spatial orientation, coupling of movements and kinesthetic differentiation. Basic volatility measures and morpho-functional profiles in the adopted groups were calculated for all the included variables, using the mean results and standard deviations of both badminton representations. The T scale was used in this respect. Results. In the majority of the examined variables, relatively small individual differences were found, being smaller in the senior group than in the junior set. In the junior group, the difference between individual variables reached the limit of 0.52 standard deviation, with a slight dominance of energy-related abilities. A slightly larger variation (0.62 SD) was observed in the group of seniors with a clear dominance of coordination abilities. A large advantage of seniors over juniors was also seen (in addition to coordination abilities) in the scope of wrist mobility, MAP (maximal anaerobic power) of lower limbs and abdominal muscle strength. Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the correctness of the use of progressive training in youth groups of badminton players. The analyses also suggest the need to verify training programmes for young badminton students, with clear emphasis on the need for early formation of the level of coordination abilities and comprehensive development of motor skills.

A Study of Specific Coordination Indicators of 11th Grade Girls in Volleyball Training Under Major Program

The objective of the study is to analyze the process of volleyball motor skills development on the basis of coordination abilities development in girls aged 16 studying under their major program. Materials and methods. The study participants were 11th grade girls (n=20). To achieve the objective set, the study used the following methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment, most of the girls had an average, below average and low levels of coordination abilities. It is necessary to note a low level of performing volleyball-specific technical exercises (various types of passing and receiving a ball, serves, technique and movement speed) by the 11th graders. During the development experiment, the study revealed a significant increase in the level of coordination abilities and technical skills in the experimental group girls aged 16 (p<0.05). The dynamics of the obtained data showed that regular exercises aimed at developing special coordination abilities in high school students, offered by the major program, contribute to the quality of performance of basic volleyball exercises. Conclusions. The presented results of complex pedagogical testing of coordination abilities of the girls aged 16 can later be used as a basis for the development of experimental programs aimed at optimizing high school students’ physical education.

Determination of Optimal Readiness to Specialized Loadings of Qualified Boxers and Fencers on the Basis of the Integral Indicator of Coordination Abilities

The purpose of the research was to optimize competitive activity of qualified boxers and fencers. Methods used in research: analysis of literature sources, pedagogical testing, expert assessment, methods of mathematical statistics. In the research participated 46 skilled athletes aged 18-21 years (25 boxers, 21 fencers (rapier)). During the experiment, the accuracy indicators of the ball throwing into the target (as an integral criterion of coordination abilities) have been recorded. In order to determine the influence of athletes` level of coordination abilities on the effectiveness of their accuracy during competitive activity, competitive fights were held. Independent experts (two boxing judges of the national category and two international judges in fencing) recorded only those punches and touches that were accurately put on target. According to the results of the ball throwing accuracy, boxers and fencers are divided into two different types: first type includes athletes with higher (P < 0.01) accuracy indicators at the beginning of training session; second type includes athletes with higher (P < 0.01) accuracy indicators at the end of training session. The fact of determining the stable indicators of coordination abilities at the beginning or at the end of a training session indicates a certain kind of workability of each athlete – fast or inert. Competitive fights showed that athletes with fast kind of workability have higher effectiveness of technical and tactical actions in the first half of fight (P < 0.01) and worsening in the second half, but athletes with inert kind of workability – on the contrary.

Pedagogical Conditions for Coordination Development in Girls of Primary School Age through Rhythmic Gymnastics

The research objective is to experimentally verify the effectiveness of the use of rhythmic gymnastics means that have been systematized to develop coordination abilities in girls of primary school age.Research methods: method of theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, method of control studies, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results. The coordination readiness level evaluation demonstrated that at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment the level of the majority of the second-grade girls was low (22.85%), below average (39.97%), and average (11.42%); that of the third-grade girls was below average (57.1%), average (34.26%); and that of the fourth-grade — below average (29.3%), and average (62.06%).After the pedagogical experiment the number of the second-, third- and fourth-grade girls with the low level decreased by 19%, 13.4%, 10.4% in the experimental groups and by 16.3%, 11.8%, 9.8% in the control groups respectively; the number of the girls with the below-average level decreased by 14.7%, 32.7%, 23.1% in the experimental groups and by 12.4%, 21%, 19.1% in the control groups.The positive changes in the level of coordination abilities occurred both in the control and the experimental groups, with the results improved in favor of the experimental groups.

Контроль координаційних здібностей в ударних видах єдиноборств

Purpose: optimize the process control level of coordination abilities in martial arts . Material and Methods: analysis and compilation of scientific and methodological literature, interviews with coaches of drum martial arts, video analysis techniques, teacher observations. Results: identified specific types of coordination abilities in shock combat sports. Pod branny and offered specific and nonspecific tests to monitor the level of species athletes coordination abilities. Conclusion: it is determined that in order to achieve victory in the fight martial artists to navigate the space to be able to assess and manage dynamic and spatio-temporal parameters of movements, maintain balance, have a high coordination of movements. The proposed tests to monitor species coordination abilities athletes allow an objective assessment of not only the overall level of coordination, and the level of specific types of manifestations of this ability.

Aspects Regarding the Level of Coordination Abilities in Both Athletes and Non-athletes

Coordination abilities facilitate the fast learning of new movements and the efficient adaptation to a variety of situations. Our paper aims to determine the level of coordination abilities and to analyze them. Our research comprised 34 subjects, aged between 11 and 14, who were tested using the 505 Agility Test, Ruler Test, jumps rope, Stork Test. Significance differences were detected between groups for agility, reaction time and coordination, and no significant differences for both balance tests. We noticed that the level of coordination abilities was significantly higher in the case of athletes in three tests and not relevant in two tests.

Kinesthetic Sense and Awareness in Wrestling: The Structure, Conditions and Development of an “Opponent's Feeling”

ABSTRACTThe level of coordination abilities is of crucial importance in combat sports and martial arts. Its particular and very specific manifestation is the “opponent's feeling” which exerts a considerable impact on the effectiveness of the fight. Despite the considerable importance of the “opponent's feeling” this problem has been treated very marginally so far. The proof of the fact is the lack of verylittle number of publications [Blady et al., 1998; Starosta, 2003] and attempts to define the notion, to describe its structure and conditions of development. Therefore, the aim of the work was: 1. Define the term of “opponent's feeling” in combat sports and martial arts competitors. 2. Specify components (structure) of “opponent's feeling”. 3. Define the conditions of high level of “opponent's feeling”. 4. Attempt to establish the conditions affecting the “opponent's feeling” and methods of its development. 5. Look for reserves as far as the development of movement coordination, and focus particularly on...