Levels Of Cigarette Consumption Research Articles

Impact of Tobacco Taxation on Rural-Urban Cigarette Consumption in Indonesia

Tobacco taxes in Indonesia have always been increasing over the past period. However, little was known about the impact of increasing tobacco taxes on cigarette consumption in urban and rural communities. Therefore, we examine the impact of implementing tobacco taxation policies in Indonesia on cigarette consumption levels in urban and rural areas. This study uses panel data for the 2007–2022 period from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data were sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and were analyzed using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) model and the propensity score matching (PSM) model. Our finding shows that increased tobacco taxes negatively impact cigarette consumption in urban and rural areas. Even so, the decline in cigarette consumption in urban areas is still much lower than the reduction in rural areas.

Analysis of the influence of poverty, human development index, and unemployment on economic growth in the regency/city of Gorontalo Province: 2012–2021 study

The low economic growth of Gorontalo province and the smallest PDRB ADHK in Indonesia are the reasons why this research needs to be carried out to look at the influence of the number of poor people, human development index and unemployment on economic growth in the districts/cities of Gorontolo Province, as a result, there is a mismatch between empirical and theoretical, this research was conducted to fill the information gap on how the three variables influence economic growth, This research was conducted to determine the effect of the number of poor people, the human development index. and unemployment on economic growth, research population data on the number of poor people, HDI, Unemployment, Economic growth, the sampling technique of this research is non-probability sampling, where the full sampling method is applied, Gorontalo Province with six regencies/cities is sampled in this research, with data taken in 2012–2021, the data analysis technique uses panel data regression, with three-panel data model estimates namely CEM, FEM, REM and model selection techniques, Chow test, Hausmant Test and Lagrange multiplie equipped with classical assumption tests and T hypothesis tests and F, the research Finding show that the number of poor people in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province does not have a significant effect on economic growth in Gorontalo Province. Rice, which is the staple food for the people of Gorontalo, apart from rice, the high level of cigarette consumption among the people of Gorontalo, apparently also has an impact. large impact on the increase in the number of poor people, the human development index in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province has a significant influence on the economic growth of Gorontalo Province where every increase that occurs in the HDI results in an increase in economic growth in Gorontalo Province, thirdly, the open unemployment rate in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province does not have a significant effect on the economic growth of Gorontalo Province, conclusion of this research is only HDI affects economic growth in Gorontalo.

Urgensi Kebijakan Kenaikan Tarif Cukai Rokok Elektrik di Indonesia

The Indonesian Government added electric cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as excise objects to improve the cigarette excise policy. Since 2018, the level of e-cigarettes has increased continuously. The age distribution of smokers who consume e-cigarettes is also starting to be troubling. Tobacco Control Support and the Association of Indonesian Public Health discovered that many e-cigarettes smoker are young children and teenagers. To reduce the prevalence rate of smokers, especially among children and teenagers, the Indonesian government made a policy to increase the excise tariffs and its minimum retail selling price. Increasing cigarette excise is often a problem because it has many impacts on other related sectors. In contrast to regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes had not much relation to many other sectors so the researchers aim to see whether increases in e-cigarette excise and minimum retail prices can help the government achieve its goals. By the government making an excise tariff policy, several sectors must be considered such as state revenue, consumption levels, involved sectors, and controlling illegal cigarettes. The tariff system and excise structure are also important instruments for the government to control the level of cigarette consumption. Researchers used qualitative methods and descriptive techniques to analyze data. The increase in excise tariffs for e-cigarettes has not reached its maximum, however increasing retail prices of e-cigarettes could also reduce consumption levels, especially the prevalence of using e-cigarettes among young kids and teenagers.

Hubungan Personal Factors Dan Interpersonal Influences Dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja Perempuan

<p><em>Smoking is one of health problems that has not been resolved because the level of cigarette consumption is still high, this is evidenced by increase in the percentage of smoking from year to year in adolescent girls. Smoking behavior is influenced by several factors based on the Health Promotion Model theory</em><em>. This study was to determine the relationship between personal factors and interpersonal influences with smoking behavior in adolescent girls. This study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. Kendall's Tau Correlation test is used as bivariate analysis. Questionnaire given to 119 adolescent girls in Cimanggis, Depok City, West Java with accidental sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of adolescent girls were light smokers (92.4%), there was no association between age with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.569), there was no association between income with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.587), there was no association between education level with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.505), there is a significant association between knowledge with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.000), there is a significant association between families with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.012), there is a significant association between peers with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.008), and there is a significant association between advertising media with smoking behavior (Sig.2-tailed = 0.012). </em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>personal factors, interpersonal influences, smoking behavior, adolescent girls</em></p>

Proposal of a method to classify female smokers based on data mining techniques

Smoking is considered the main cause of preventable deaths in the world. The level of cigarette consumption can be determined from several attributes such as psychological stress, nicotine dependence, and behavioral characteristics. This paper seeks to contribute to this research field by applying data mining techniques using a methodology based on the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process to classify female smokers as “light smokers” or “heavy smokers”. The tests were conducted on four datasets extracted from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, USA) database. Feature selection and ranking techniques were applied to reduce dimensionality and the resulting dataset was used as input for eight data mining techniques. The best results were obtained with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Logistic Regression (LR), which had an accuracy of approximately 85% and recall of up to 77%. Precision values were approximately 81% and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) surpassed 91% in some tests. The features considered most relevant for both classes were identified and discussed. The CIGAGE variable, which is the age when a woman started smoking daily, for example, shows that each year that a woman lives without smoking on a daily basis reduces the chances of her being classified as a heavy smoker by a factor of 0.911. The findings in this paper enable an assessment of the impact of predictive features related to the consumption of industrialized cigarettes, indicating how public policies and financial resources should be applied to combat smoking among women.

Pengaruh Intervensi Edukasi Kesehatan Secara Daring terhadap Pengetahuan Bahaya Rokok Masyarakat Indonesia Usia 20-40

Based on data from the World Health Organization, more than 8 million of the population died due to tobacco use globally. Around 90% of them died as a result of direct use, while 10% were exposed by other people. There are 225.700 people killed by tobacco exposure and tobacco-related disease in Indonesia each year. This research was conducted to consider efforts to reduce the level of cigarette consumption through health education about the dangers of smoking. The method used was a one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 108 people participated in the webinar and completed questionnaires before and after the intervention to assess their level of knowledge about the dangers of smoking. The findings revealed a difference in the mean level of knowledge among respondents before and after the webinar, with pre-test score of 149.07 and post-test score of 157.78 out of 170 as the total score. There were significant differences (p < 0.001), implying that the health education intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about the dangers of smoking among Indonesians aged 20-40 years

Cigarette dependence is more prevalent and increasing among US adolescents and adults who use cannabis, 2002–2019

SignificanceCannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers. If cannabis use is associated with cigarette dependence, a barrier to smoking cessation, this could have public health implications for tobacco control. The...

KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TANI DAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN KENAIKAN TARIF CUKAI HASIL TEMBAKAU (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Suralaga Kabupaten Lombok Timur)

Tobacco is a national strategic commodity that contributes to state revenues and employment. The purpose of this research is to analyze tobacco farming income and to analyze farmers' perceptions regarding the policy of increasing excise tariffs on processed tobacco/cigarette taxes. The research method used is qualitative analysis with a descriptive analysis approach. The research was conducted in Suralaga District, East Lombok Regency. Suralaga sub-district was chosen because it is a sub-district that mostly cultivates tobacco commodities. Respondents used in this study were 30 respondent farmers. 15 farmers live in Bagik Payung Village, some 15 farmers live in Waringin Village. Both villages are tobacco farmers and are located in Suralaga District, East Lombok Regency. The results showed that tobacco farming in East Lombok Regency was declared feasible because based on the analysis, the farming experienced an income (profit) of Rp. 8,045,942/hectare/planting season with a farming feasibility level of 1.70> 1 (feasible category). Most farmers have the perception that the policy of increasing tobacco excise/cigarette tax aims to help the national economy through increasing state revenues, not to control the level of cigarette consumption. The local/central government has never socialized the increase in tobacco/cigarette excise. In addition, farmers also assume that the government has never provided assistance or compensation to farmers after the policy of increasing tobacco/cigarette excise. The increase in cigarette excise does not have a direct impact on the decline in the economic condition of farmers. The factors that have the most direct influence on farmers' income are uncertain weather conditions (climate change) and the determination of the selling price grade of tobacco harvests which is less transparent.

THE COMPARISON OF CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION TOWARDS SEMEN ANALYSIS IN ANDROLOGY POLYCLINIC OF DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN 2017

Background: The habit of smoking tobacco is a lifestyle that has become a necessity for some people. Sometimes, social needs is the main reason for someone to have a smoking habit. Based on this problem, the level of cigarette consumption in the community has increased. Nowadays, the total number of couples visiting an infertility clinic is on the rise. This have led to an assumption among the community that smoking tobacco is one of the main factors causing male infertility. Objective: to compare light smokers and heavy smokers towards the results of semen analysis in infertile male patients. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational analytics, with a retrospective-cross sectional. The instrument used in this study was taken from medical records of the patients who visited the Andrology Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, for the period from January to December 2017. The observed semen analysis parameters were concentration, motility, and morphology for microscopic examination and liquefaction, pH, and volume for macroscopic examination, by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Ninety-two samples of infertile male participants (50 light smokers and 42 heavy smokers) were included in this study. Semen analysis on its concentration, motility, spermatozoa morphology, as well as liquefaction, pH, and volume) towards the number of cigarette consumption showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between light smokers and moderate smokers. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the light smoker and heavy smoker groups on the results of the semen analysis.

How does the affordable care act Medicaid expansion affect cigarette consumption?—The mechanism and heterogeneity

AbstractWe examine the average effect of the affordable care act (ACA) Medicaid expansion on cigarette consumption as well as heterogeneous effects by consumer types, depending on whether they use anti‐smoking products and their baseline level of cigarette consumption. Using the Nielsen homescan consumer panel and generalized difference‐in‐differences (GDD) method, we find that anti‐smoking products can induce cigarette smoking among moderate and heavy smokers. However, the ACA Medicaid expansion reduces cigarette smoking through channels other than anti‐smoking products. As a net result, the ACA Medicaid expansion leads to a reduction in smoking. Light smokers are the main beneficiaries of ACA Medicaid expansion—their average cigarette consumption reduces by over one pack per month.

Gender, Stress and Smoking Behavior on Young Adults in Banda Aceh

Young adult is a period of adaptation from adolescence to adulthood. The young adult is vulnerable to the onset of stress due to various demands and problems at hand. Stress is often associated with harmful behaviour one being smoking. Not only men but women are now becoming smokers too. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between gender, stress, and smoking behaviours in young adults in Banda Aceh. This research used the correlation research design. Incidental sampling technique was used with a total sample of 105 people (57 male smokers and 48 female smokers). Data was collected using an adapted version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42). Hypothesis test using the Spearman correlation test technique showed a significance of r = 0.37 (p) 0.00 (<0.05) on the relationship between gender and stress which means that women have higher stress than men. Results also showed there is a relationship between gender and smoking behaviour with a significance of r = -0.42 (p) 0.00 (>0.05), which means that men have a higher level of cigarette consumption than women.

Puisi Taufiq Ismail sebagai Materi Pendidikan Bahaya Rokok

<p>Cigarettes in Indonesia becomes a problem that makes anxious in society, included an Indonesian author named Taufiq Ismail. Through some of his poetry such as <em>Tuhan Sembilan Senti, Indonesia Keranjang Sampah Nikotin, dan Perokok adalah Serdadu Berani Mati</em>, Taufiq Ismail revealed various cigarette problems in Indonesia. This research was conducted as an effort to overcome the problem of smoking which must continue to be pursued. The aim of this research is to know the social facts about smoking in Taufiq Ismail's poetry so that it can be used as teaching materials about the dangers of smoking. This research is an effort to control the level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia and it deal with the government's plan to include the dangers of smoking at the junior high school level. This study uses the theory of literary sociology to discuss social problems about cigarettes depicted in that poetry. This study also uses qualitative research methods which the collecting data is taken by reading and recording. The collected data is analyzed with the approach of literary sociology theory. The results of research indicate those poetry by Taufiq Ismail reveal the problem of cigarettes that can be used as teaching material for the dangers of smoking for junior high school students.</p>

PRAKTIK KEHIDUPAN EKONOMI PEKERJA WANITA PADA PABRIK ROKOK GUDANG GARAM MERAH (APACHE) DALAM TEORI GENDER

Women work because of the heavy family burden, and the lower economic demands cause a female worker to work at the Gudang Garam Merah company known as the "Apache Cigarette" in Paiton Probolinggo so that it can ease the burden on the husband and the burden on their family. . With the wages or income they have received, it can ease their family's burden and can create a prosperous family. And this can be seen in women workers who work at the Red Salt Warehouse Cigarette company. The formulation of the problem is how the reality that occurs in women who work in the Red Salt Warehouse (Apache) in Paiton Probolinggo and how the economic life practices of women workers in the red salt cellar cigarette factory in Paiton Probolinggo and analyzed with Gender theory. Data analysis method used is qualitative data analysis with descriptive analytic or content analysis (Content Analysis). author's analysis of women working at Gudang Garam cigarettes Behind the high level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia, there is an industry worth tens of millions with hundreds of thousands of people who depend their lives on this industry. The types of labor that are absorbed by the tobacco industry are mostly female and this is a custom that occurs in the Paiton area. to balance the role in the husband's family must have a permanent job that generates money to work with one another, to meet each other's daily needs so that there is no imbalance between the husband and wife in working in the household.

Smokers’ strategies across social grades to minimise the cost of smoking in a period with annual tax increases: evidence from a national survey in England

ObjectivesTo assess associations between smokers’ strategies to minimise how much their smoking costs and cost of smoking among smokers across three social grades during a period of annual tax increases...

Perilaku Merokok Pada Masyarakat Dan Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (Ktr) Di Desa Ajung Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember

Smoking behavior has become an important issue of public health around the world since the last decade. Indonesia is one of the developing countries which has the highest level of cigarette consumption and production. A large number of studies have shown that smoking behavior can cause adverse effects for health, but conversely, the number of smokers increased every year. Nowadays, the trend of smoking behavior has entered the category of younger age between 13 – 15 years old. The purpose of this research is to obtain a description about smoking behavior on people and about the implementation of “no-smoking area” policy in Ajung village, Kalisat district of Jember. This study uses a descriptive research design with observation method. This study was conducted in May 2014. The sample in this study is 56 peoples and 4 elementary schools. Variables researched in this study are the knowledge of smoking adverse effect, smoking activity, the age of first smoking experience, the number of cigarette smoked per day, and “no-smoking area” policy. The results of the study have shown that 60,87% respondents have knowledge about smoking adverse effect toward respiratory disorders, respondents who have smoked daily activity are about 19.64%, the majority of respondents start smoking at age of 15-19 years, the average of respondents smoking as many as 13 stems in a day, and only 2 elementary schools that disposed to implement the “no-smoking area” policy in their institution. Based on these results, it is recommended the more intensive counseling about the hazards and the adverse effects of smoking behavior from various related institutions (health services, social services). Local governments is suggested to make regulations which aims to implement policy about “no-smoking area” in all institutions.

Populations with Higher Average Intelligence Are Healthier, but Do They Smoke Fewer Cigarettes?

Societies with high intelligence quotient (IQ) practice healthier lifestyles, which results in enhanced health status and higher life expectancy. This paper attempts to examine the impact of national average IQ on level of cigarette consumption at a cross-country level. Since smoking is detrimental for human health and causes about ten percent of the total number of deaths every year worldwide, this research is deemed important. Regression analysis with robust standard errors was employed to scrutinize the effect of national IQ on cigarette consumption. After controlling for demographic factors, IQ was found to have significantly positive associations with all measures of cigarette consumption. Unlike the control variables, the positive effect of IQ on smoking was found to be robust to spatial dependence. Nevertheless, the positive effect gradually reduced as the IQ level increased. The proposed explanation is that cigarette smoking is an evolutionarily novel activity that did not previously exist in human ancestral environments. Therefore, as the IQ level rises, societies initially are more likely to appreciate and adopt the novel behavior of smoking. In high-IQ societies, the positive relationship eventually weakens as people become more aware of the health hazards of smoking.

Psychological Features of Smokers.

Smoking tobacco is believed to be common among patients with psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and affective disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological symptoms of people without known psychiatric diseases who have freely decided to quit smoking. A cross-sectional study was designed, and 124 healthy active-smokers (66 female) and 127 healthy non-smokers (61 female) were recruited. The symptom check list and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used to assess psychological symptoms and nicotine addiction level. Smokers were divided into 3 groups: light smokers (0-9 cigarettes/d), moderate smokers (10-19 cigarettes/d), and heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes/d). When subjects were compared by daily levels of cigarette consumption, somatic findings were more prominent in the mild smoker group (1.61 ± 0.72 vs 0.77 ± 0.56, P < .001), while depression and hostility were similar across all groups. When subjects were compared by nicotine addiction ratio, the general symptom index of the group with high-grade nicotine addiction was found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (1.34 ± 0.72 vs 0.79 ± 0.49, P < .001). In addition, the high-grade nicotine addiction group had higher scores than the other groups for somatization, anxiety, depression, paranoid symptoms, hostility, and other symptoms. This study examined the association between psychological symptoms and smokers' daily cigarette consumption and nicotine addiction levels. Psychiatric symptoms (ie, somatization, anxiety, depression, hostility, and paranoia) were observed more frequently in people with high-grade nicotine addiction (FTND score 7-10 points).

The Influence of Cigarette Consumption Towards Poverty in Central Java Province

The aims of this research were to find out the effects of poverty on cigarette consumption in Central Java in 2013 and to recognize the effects of tax cigarette on cigarette consumption in Central Java in 2013. The type of the data used was secondary data. The analysis method used was the regression of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with the cross section data of 2013 in 35 Districts of Central Java Province.The research results show that when the Poverty Line increases, it increases cigarette consumption. The variable on Poverty Line has effect on cigarette consumption in Central Java in 2013. The variable of cigarette tax has positive insignificant value. The variables of poverty and cigarette tax are able to explain the level of cigarette consumption of 0.1263%, and the remaining variables are explained by the other variables. F- statistic is 2,31, F-table is 1,37, and t-table is 2.034. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant association between cigarette consumption and poverty in Central Java in 2013. When cigarette consumption rose, it increased the poverty in Central Java in 2013. The association between cigarette consumption and cigarette tax in Central Java in 2013 was not significant but had positive value. It means that the tax policy in Central Java is not able to reduce cigarette consumption in Central Java in 2013. Although there has been a cigarette tax, the cigarette consumption continues to increase.

Significantly more intense pain in methadone-maintained patients who are addicted to nicotine.

Pain and cigarette smoking are very common in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and both have substantial negative effects on HDPs' physical and mental health. Nevertheless, very few studies have assessed the relationship between the two in HDPs. This study examined the association between pain intensity and smoking in Chinese methadone-maintained HDPs. A total of 603 HDPs were consecutively recruited from three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China, and administered with a socio-demographic and drug use questionnaire, a smoking questionnaire concerning average number of cigarettes smoked daily and Heaviness of Smoking Index, and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale. We used a five-point Verbal Rating Scale to rate the intensity of pain. To determine whether pain's associations with smoking and nicotine dependence were independent, an analysis of covariance was adopted to control for the potential confounding effects of socio-demographic variables, drug use characteristics, and depressive symptoms. Net of potential confounders, in methadone-maintained HDPs, pain intensity was significantly higher in smoker than non-smokers (F = 11.836, P = 0.002) but the pain intensity did not differ significantly across patients with various levels of cigarette consumption (F = 1.992, P = 0.137), while the pain intensity significantly differed across patients with different levels of nicotine dependence (F = 3.252, P = 0.013). Pain is significantly associated with smoking in HDPs receiving MMT, this phenomenon may be explained by the association between nicotine dependence and pain.

Level of Cigarette Consumption and Duration of Smoking Abstinence During Failed Quit Attempts Among Long-Term Daily Smokers: the Role of Race/Ethnicity and Cessation Aids.

The goal of this study was to determine whether race/ethnicity and use of smoking cessation aids are associated with the duration of the last serious quit attempt and reductions in cigarette consumption among long-term daily smokers who tried, and failed, to quit smoking during the preceding year. Data came from the 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement survey conducted in the USA, and analyses included 6672 reports of long-term daily smokers (i.e., smokers who smoked daily for 1year or longer) who made at least one serious quit attempt in the past 12months. About 39% of these smokers used at least one smoking cessation aid during their last quit attempt. Use of aids was significantly lower for non-Hispanic Black (NHB, 29%) and Hispanic (HISP, 29%) smokers than for non-Hispanic White (NHW, 42%) smokers, possibly due to differences in socioeconomic status and access to healthcare for smoking cessation. The effect of using any aids on mean cigarette reduction and duration of the last long quit attempt (i.e., one that lasted a day or more) was similar across race/ethnicity. Using any aids did not substantially influence mean cigarette reduction but was positively associated with duration of the quit attempt: the duration was 6days longer (CI=3:10), on average, when aids were used than when smokers attempted to quit unassisted. Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with mean cigarette reduction (p=0.023); non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native smokers had the highest mean reduction (of 3 cigarettes, CI=1:5) among the racial/ethnic groups considered. Use of aids may help increase duration of quit attempts and thus, may increase likelihood of quitting successfully in the near future.