Level Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

Peasant Displacement and Food Sustainability: The Colombian Case

Social migration affects the development of rural territories in multiple ways, as it poses a threat to food security and hinders the achievement of sustainable development objectives. The purpose of this research is to represent peasant migration and measure its impact on food security, since it creates conditions that alter people’s access to healthy food. Our research question is: What variables can be used to measure the impact of peasant migration on food security? A three-stage model is implemented, which includes (i) the acquisition of knowledge, (ii) the representation of knowledge, and (iii) decision-making. These stages are the basis of the methodology developed by the ARCOSES research group (Méndez A. System Dynamics and Social Problems. Bogotá: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2012). The model developed to represent peasant migration and its impact on food security has five components. The model representation was applied in 58 typical rural municipalities, observing a potential loss of 30,580,000 tons of food, which amounts to 5% of the national production. Likewise, it was observed that 70% of migrating farmers are part of the economically active population. Colombian governorships should strive towards a greater and more comprehensive development of rural municipalities in order to avoid massive displacement to urban regions, which affects the availability of rural labor, causes poor agricultural production levels and compromises food sustainability. To ensure peasants’ full access to food and their well-being, an assertive intervention should be carried out by the Colombian State.

Analysis of spatial patterns and influencing factors of farmland transfer in China based on ESDA-GeoDetector

Farmland transfer is a critical component in facilitating agricultural scale management and improving agricultural production efficiency. This study examines the spatial distribution of farmland transfer in China and identifies the factors influencing it, offering valuable guidance for advancing China’s farmland transfer practices. Through the application of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis, the study investigates changes in spatial patterns related to the scale, rate, mode, and recipients of farmland transfer across China's 30 provinces from 2015 to 2020. Geographical detectors are also employed to identify the key factors influencing the extent and pace of farmland transfer. The study reveals that between 2015 and 2020, China's farmland transfer area increased from 29,789 to 37,638 million hectares. Provinces with abundant farmland resources generally experienced larger farmland transfers, while economically developed regions and major grain-producing areas saw higher rates of farmland transfers. The predominant mode of farmland transfer in China was leasing (subcontracting), accounting for over 80% of the total transferred area. Large-scale grain growers and family farms were significant participants in farmland transfers, acquiring approximately 60.1% of the transferred lands, followed by professional cooperatives (21.5%), enterprises (10.4%), and other entities (7.9%). Key factors influencing the farmland transfer area include the "regional farmland area", the "proportion of family farms supported by loans", and the "proportion of non-agricultural population", with explanatory powers of 0.663, 0.319, and 0.225, respectively. Notably, there is a substantial interaction between the "regional farmland area" and factors such as the "proportion of family farms supported by loans" and the "grain yield per unit area", with explanatory powers reaching 0.957 and 0.901, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for promoting farmland transfer in agriculturally rich regions. Factors affecting the farmland transfer rate include "grain yield per unit area", "GDP per capita", and the "proportion of non-agricultural population", each with an explanatory power above 0.500. Moreover, their interactive explanatory powers with other indicators exceed 0.600, indicating that provinces with high agricultural productivity or economic development levels are more likely to undergo farmland transfer. The paper concludes by proposing strategies and recommendations to promote farmland transfer in both "large agricultural areas" and "metropolitan suburbs."

Legal Issues in Land Acquisition for Agricultural Production in Nigeria

Land is the nations’ most valuable asset, as it provides sustenance. Legally speaking, land tenure in Nigeria is a complicated web of connections between many organizations that establishes land ownership patterns in connection to various land uses. This study examined the legal issues in land acquisition for agricultural production in Nigeria. Secondary data sourced from books, journals, and the internet were used. Normative legal research techniques were adopted to discuss legal issues in land acquisition, while qualitative content analysis was used to ascertain the level of agricultural production in Nigeria, as well as the relationship between land acquisition and agricultural production in Nigeria. The study’s findings showed that Nigeria's land tenure system supports land partitioning (land fragmentation), which leads to scattered small-scale farming. Tenure rules stipulated in the Nigerian Land Use Act of 1978 hinder agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Additional relevant factors and challenges influencing Nigeria's agricultural production include land tenure insecurity, and political and bureaucratic bottlenecks in the acquisition of land rights for agricultural uses. To ensure improved agricultural productivity, the government should initiate and implement a new land tenure reform that will address the inherent challenges in the current land tenure system.

MEASURING THE AGRICULTURAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF PROVINCES IN TURKEY USING MALMQUIST INDEX

This study aims to reveal the total factor productivity levels in the agricultural sector in 81 provinces of Turkey by using the Malmquist index method over the period 2009-2019. The results extracted from the Malmquist index findings show that index value changed between 1.186 and 0.952, agricultural productivity increased in 75 provinces and decreased in 6 provinces. In addition, our findings confirm technological change affects the change in agricultural productivity levels in all provinces in Turkey, and that technology is a determining factor in agricultural productivity in all provinces. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that authorities in Turkey should develop and implement technologies that will make the sector productive, to encourage and support infrastructure, research and publication studies on technology. In addition, this research claims that the regional incentive system can be revised and, it can build an incentive system based on performance and efficiency in which provinces or businesses operating in this field are classified according to their productivity.

Influence of Regional Temperature Anomalies on Strawberry Yield: A Study Using Multivariate Copula Analysis

A thorough understanding of the impact of climatic factors on agricultural production is crucial for improving crop models and enhancing predictability of crop prices and yields. Fluctuations in crop yield and price can have significant implications for the market sector and farming community. Given the projected increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events, reliable modelling of cropping patterns becomes essential. Temperature anomalies are expected to play a prominent role in future extreme events, emphasizing the need to comprehend their influence on crop yield. Forecasting extreme yield, which encompasses both the highest and lowest levels of agricultural production within a given time period, along with peak crop prices representing the highest market values, poses greater challenges in forecasting compared to other values. Probability-based predictions, accounting for uncertainty and variability, offer a more accurate approach for extreme value estimation and risk assessment. In this study, we employ a multivariate analysis based on vine copula to explore the interdependencies between temperature anomalies and daily strawberry yield in Santa Maria, California. By considering the maximum and minimum daily yields each month, we observe an increased probability of yield loss with rising temperature anomalies. While we do not explicitly consider the specific impacts of temperature anomalies under individual Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, our analysis is conducted within the broader context of the current global warming scenario. This allows us to capture the overall anticipated effects of regional temperature anomalies on agriculture. The findings of this study have potential impacts and consequences for understanding the vulnerability of agricultural systems and improving crop model predictions. By enhancing our understanding of the relationships between temperature anomalies and crop yield, we can inform decision-making processes related to the impact of climate change on agriculture. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in improving agricultural sustainability and resilience in the face of changing climatic conditions.

Towards urban energy sustainability and resiliency through smart agriculture and effective renewable resource allocation

Urban energy sustainability and resiliency are paramount in addressing the challenges of modern urbanization. This paper introduces a novel framework that seamlessly integrates smart agriculture practices with an effective renewable resource allocation strategy to optimize energy utilization in urban and suburban areas. The optimization models employ a Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm, providing a dynamic and adaptive approach to fine-tune system parameters. The results, presented through numeric tables and colorful figures, showcase optimized agricultural production levels, renewable resource utilization, and the impact of specific factors and parameters on algorithmic performance. Notably, the study reveals the intricate balance achieved through the integration of smart agriculture and renewable energy, offering actionable insights for sustainable urban development. The visualizations not only enhance result comprehension but also serve as powerful tools for effective communication. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on urban energy sustainability, providing a systematic approach for future investigations at the intersection of agriculture, renewable energy, and optimization algorithms.

Deficit Irrigation with Silicon Application as Strategy to Increase Yield, Photosynthesis and Water Productivity in Lettuce Crops.

In regions where water is a limited resource, lettuce production can be challenging. To address this, water management strategies like deficit irrigation are used to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. Associating this strategy with silicon (Si) application could help maintain adequate levels of agricultural production even with limited water availability. Two lettuce crop cycles were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a factorial scheme (2 × 3), with three irrigation levels (60%, 80% and 100%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and with and without Si application. To explore their combined effects, morphological, productive, physiological and nutritional parameters were evaluated in the crops. The results showed that deficit irrigation and Si application had a positive interaction: lettuce yield of the treatment with 80% ETc + Si was statistically similar to 100% ETc without Si in the first cycle, and the treatment with 60% ETc + Si was similar to 100% ETc without Si in the second cycle. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content increased under water-stress conditions with Si application; in the first cycle, the treatment with 80% ETc + Si increased by 30.1%, 31.3%, 7.8%, 28.46% and 50.3% compared to the same treatment without Si, respectively. Si application in conditions of water deficit was also beneficial to obtain a cooler canopy temperature and leaves with higher relative water content. In conclusion, we found that Si applications attenuate water deficit effects and provide a strategy to ameliorate the yield and water productivity in lettuce crops, contributing to more sustainable practices in agriculture.

Remote sensing retrieval and driving analysis of phytoplankton density in the large storage freshwater lake: A study based on random forest and Landsat-8 OLI

Remote sensing monitoring of seasonal changes in phytoplankton density and analyses of the driving factors of phytoplankton densities are necessary for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems, controlling lake eutrophication, and formulating ecological restoration policies. Building upon the satellite-ground synchronization experiment that involves the in situ aquatic ecological monitoring conducted in Nansi Lake, which is the largest storage lake situated along the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, we developed a phytoplankton density retrieval model utilizing the random forest (RF) method and Landsat-8 OLI data. On this basis, we mapped the seasonal fluctuations and spatial disparities in the phytoplankton densities from 2013 to 2023. Subsequently, we conducted a detailed analysis of the driving factors and considered both the natural and anthropogenic aspects. The results indicate that (1) the RF model, when utilizing three band combinations, yielded favorable results with R2, RMSE and MAE values of 0.67, 1.31 × 106 cells/L and 1.18 × 106 cells/L, respectively. (2) The phytoplankton densities exhibited both seasonal and spatial variations, with higher concentrations in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. Significantly, the northwestern region of Zhaoyang Lake and the southeastern region of Weishan Lake had substantially greater phytoplankton densities than did the other areas. Furthermore, overarching upward trends were observed from 2013 to 2023, reflecting an annual rate of increase of 3.32%. (3) An analysis of the causal factors indicated that temperatures and gross agricultural production levels are the primary drivers influencing the seasonal variations and distributions of phytoplankton densities. In the future, we will delve into the potential of deep learning and utilize various satellite sensors to explore the intricacies of phytoplankton monitoring, as well as the complex mechanisms that influence aquatic ecological health.

Production of local resource-based soil improvement materials as a community empowerment model in Sindangkasih Village, South Konawe

Most of the residents in Sindangkasih Village earn their livelihoods through farming. The survey results indicate a decrease in the level of agricultural productivity in this village due to a lack of knowledge in agricultural management, leading to a continuous decline in soil fertility. Conversely, the village serves as a livestock center, producing cow dung waste, and houses a grain milling industry that generates rice husk waste, both of which have not been optimally utilized. The goal of this community service is to provide training and assistance to enhance the knowledge of farmer groups in producing soil improvement materials based on local resources. The methods employed in the service activities include counseling, demonstrations on creating soil improvement materials, and group discussions with the participation of 30 individuals. The results of the activity demonstrate an increase in the knowledge and skills of the Sindangkasih Village community in producing soil improvement materials, particularly organic fertilizer, to support agricultural production.

Modern pollen assemblages of agricultural land, wasteland, and natural vegetation in China and their significance for reconstructing the intensity of agricultural activity

Knowledge of the modern pollen assemblage characteristics of artificial and disturbed vegetation can help reconstruct changes in the intensity of human activity and land use/land cover (LULC) based on Holocene stratigraphic pollen records. We obtained pollen assemblage data from 217 agricultural land (cultivated cereals) sites, 79 wasteland sites, and 389 natural vegetation sites in different regions in China. The results show that the pollen of cereals Poaceae and the associated agricultural weeds in agricultural land and wasteland vegetation contexts are effective indicators of the intensity of agricultural activity, and that the pollen assemblages of natural vegetation accurately reflect the regional zonal vegetation composition. Although the cereals Poaceae proportion varied greatly among the agricultural sites in different regions, due to factors like cultivation practices, crop types, and terrain, all of them were significant indicators of agricultural activity. The pollen assemblages of wasteland and natural vegetation in different regions were also different, and the indicator taxa exhibit distinct zonal characteristics. There was no consistent linear relationship between cereals Poaceae proportion and the area of agricultural land. The cereals Poaceae proportion did not vary with increasing agricultural area in regions with higher or lower levels of agricultural production; only in Northeast and North China, when the agricultural area was below 60%, did the cereals Poaceae proportion increase with increasing agricultural area. These results provide a modern process basis for the use of stratigraphic pollen data to reconstruct past changes in agricultural activity and LULC.

Changing of Land Use Type and Structure of Production in Pudong District, Shanghai, China Since Opening

Since the opening of Shanghai's Pudong New Area in 1990, Pudong has transformed its previously poor and backward appearance by introducing a large number of advanced manufacturing and service industries, making it the largest region in Shanghai in terms of economic output. Currently, due to the changing economic conditions in China, the development of the Pudong area needs to focus more on land intensification and industrial modernization, actively using stock resources for development and adjusting policies to respond to the changes in each industry. Therefore, by analyzing the changes in land area and output value of each industry in Pudong and the changes in the economic structure of Pudong, this paper concludes that the share of agriculture in the total economy of Pudong is decreasing year by year, the total amount of heavy industry exceeds that of light industry, the financial industry is growing as the pillar industry of Pudong, and the import volume is larger than the export volume. The conclusion is that Pudong should improve the level of agricultural production, increase the proportion of heavy industry in the development, improve the bank supervision policy and increase the imports to cultivate trading partners. These ideas will serve as a guide for the future quality development of Pudong and as a reference for new urban districts in domestic and foreign cities.

Analysis of Measurement, Regional Differences, Convergence and Dynamic Evolutionary Trends of the Green Production Level in Chinese Agriculture

The development of green agriculture is conducive to accelerating the agricultural modernization process, making a significance for the sustainable development of agriculture and the environment in China. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation model by selecting 17 representative indicators from the perspective of sustainability. Then, this paper uses the entropy value method to measure the level of green agricultural production in 31 provinces from 2011 to 2021. We use Dagum’s Gini coefficient and decomposition method, the kernel density estimation method and spatial Markov chain analysis method to explore the main sources of spatial differences and dynamic evolution trends. The results show that: (1) The overall level of green production in Chinese agriculture is low, and the level in the central region is higher than that in eastern and western regions; (2) There are significant regional differences in the level of green production in China’s agriculture, and this is likely to widen. The interaction of inter- and intra-regional differences is the main reason for overall differences; (3) The trend of polarization in the level of green agricultural production is more obvious in the eastern part of China, while it is weaker in central and western regions; (4) There is a spatial spillover effect in the dynamic evolution of China’s agricultural green production level. And the longer the overall time, the more obvious the spillover effect is. This paper analyzes the past development of green agriculture in China, makes predictions and provides constructive suggestions for the improvement and development of green agricultural production in China in the future.

Study of the impact of digitization on the carbon emission intensity of agricultural production in China

The digital economy is an important engine for China's economic and social development, accelerating the development of agricultural digitization and promoting the integration of agricultural digitization. Low-carbon production is an inevitable trend in China's current economic development. The article takes 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China as research objects, constructing and measuring indicators of digitization level and carbon emission intensity of agricultural production from 2006 to 2018. It classifies agricultural production into planting and animal husbandry and uses a basic regression model to study their dynamic relationships. A mediating effect model is used to explore the specific mechanism path of the digital economy affecting carbon emission intensity, and a regional heterogeneity analysis is conducted. The study found that: (1) The level of digitalization can significantly reduce the carbon intensity of agricultural production; (2) Digitalization can reduce China's carbon intensity by promoting the level of agricultural technological inputs, the level of human capital and the urbanization rate. (3) There are regional and sectoral differences in the impact of digitization on the carbon intensity of agricultural production. The impact on the plantation sector is greater than that on the livestock sector, and the carbon reduction effect is slightly greater in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions.

Analyzing the phosphorus flow characteristics in the largest freshwater lake (Poyang Lake) watershed of China from 1950 to 2020 through a bottom-up approach of watershed-scale phosphorus substance flow model

Understanding the historical patterns of phosphorus (P) cycling is essential for sustainable P management and eutrophication mitigation in watersheds. Currently, there is a lack of long-term watershed-scale models that analyze the flow of P substances and quantify the socioeconomic patterns of P flow. This study adopted a watershed perspective and incorporated crucial economic and social subsystems related to P production, consumption, and emissions throughout the entire life cycle. Based on this approach, a bottom-up watershed P flow analysis model was developed to quantify the P cycle for the first time in the Poyang Lake watershed from 1950 to 2020 and to explore the driving factors that influence its strength by analyzing multi-year P flow results. In general, the P cycle in the Poyang Lake watershed was no longer a naturally dominated cycle but significantly influenced by human activities during the flow dynamics between 1950 and 2015. Agricultural intensification and expansion of large-scale livestock farming continue to enhance the P flow in the study area. Fertilizer P inputs from cultivation account for approximately 60% of the total inputs to farming systems, but phosphate fertilizer utilization continues to decline. Feed P inputs have continued to increase since 2007. The expansion of large-scale farming and the demand for urbanization are the main factors leading to changes in feed P input patterns. The P utilization rate for livestock farming (PUEa) is progressively higher than international levels, with PUEa increasing from 0.64% (1950) to 9.7% (2020). Additionally, per capita food P consumption in the watershed increased from 0.67 kg to 0.80 kg between 1950 and 2020. The anthropogenic P emissions have increased from 1.67 × 104 t (1950) to 8.73 × 104 t (2020), with an average annual growth rate of 2.41%. Watershed-wide P pollution emissions have increased by more than five-fold. Population growth and agricultural development are important drivers of structural changes in P flows in the study area, and they induce changes in social conditions, including agricultural production, dietary structure, and consumption levels, further dominating the cyclic patterns of P use, discharge, and recycling. This study provides a broader and applicable P flow model to measure the characteristics of the P cycle throughout the watershed social system as well as provides methodological support and policy insights for large lakes in rapidly developing areas or countries to easily present P flow structures and sustainably manage P resources.

The change in agrochemical parameters of light gray forest soil from the level of mineral nutrition against the background of the aftereffect of liming in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region

Relevance. The modern level of agricultural production is inconceivable without the use of chemicals: lime, mineral fertilizers. Liming acidic soils with the introduction of mineral fertilizers are important methods of complex land reclamation. Excessive acidity of the medium is one of the main reasons for low productivity of agricultural crops.Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the background of lime aftereffect on the productivity of the crop rotation link and changes in the acidity and degree of saturation of the soil bases were studied. The experience was based on a two-factor scheme.Results. The article says that by 2022, the aftereffects of various studied lime doses do not affect changes in the level of productivity of fodder crops of the crop rotation link: vicа-oats (vicоoats) + clover — clover 1 g. p. — clover 2 g. p. — clover 3 g. р. The total productivity is 19.6–20.8 t/ha by the factor of lime application in 1978. The greatest productivity of the studied crop rotation link is provided by triple doses of mineral fertilizers (24.4 t/ha by the standard), double and single doses provide the level of productivity of the crop rotation link in 20.0–20.1 t/ha by the standard, the cultivation of forage crops according to the natural agrophone provides a productivity level of 17.2 t/ha k. е.The applied lime doses, when laying the experiment, by 2022 do not affect the changes in agrochemical (exchange, hydrolytic density and the degree of saturation of the soil with bases) indicators in the twenty-centimeter soil layers. The use of triple and double doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to acidifying the soil compared to options without the use of mineral fertilizers and single doses.

A Global Systematic Review of Improving Crop Model Estimations by Assimilating Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Small-Scale Agricultural Systems

There is a growing effort to use access to remote sensing data (RS) in conjunction with crop model simulation capability to improve the accuracy of crop growth and yield estimates. This is critical for sustainable agricultural management and food security, especially in farming communities with limited resources and data. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide a systematic review of research on data assimilation and summarize how its application varies by country, crop, and farming systems. In addition, we highlight the implications of using process-based crop models (PBCMs) and data assimilation in small-scale farming systems. Using a strict search term, we searched the Scopus and Web of Science databases and found 497 potential publications. After screening for relevance using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 123 publications were included in the final review. Our results show increasing global interest in RS data assimilation approaches; however, 81% of the studies were from countries with relatively high levels of agricultural production, technology, and innovation. There is increasing development of crop models, availability of RS data sources, and characterization of crop parameters assimilated into PBCMs. Most studies used recalibration or updating methods to mainly incorporate remotely sensed leaf area index from MODIS or Landsat into the WOrld FOod STudies (WOFOST) model to improve yield estimates for staple crops in large-scale and irrigated farming systems. However, these methods cannot compensate for the uncertainties in RS data and crop models. We concluded that further research on data assimilation using newly available high-resolution RS datasets, such as Sentinel-2, should be conducted to significantly improve simulations of rare crops and small-scale rainfed farming systems. This is critical for informing local crop management decisions to improve policy and food security assessments.

Coevolution of Flood Dynamics and Economical Production in Tropical Wetlands: Insights From Bayesian Networks in Ayapel Wetland, Colombia

AbstractThe coevolution approach in socio‐hydrological systems (SHS) allows the analysis of the interactions between social and hydrological systems over time. SHS's characteristics such as non‐linearity, causality, integration of spatiotemporal scales and feedbacks must be considered. However, in simulation processes, there are challenges in analyzing these characteristics while integrating quantitative and qualitative source variables. We propose a general causal network for study of coevolution in tropical wetlands, operationalized through Bayesian Networks for a case study in Ayapel Wetland, Colombia. We defined the flood pulse and economic production to analyze the co‐evolution of tropical wetlands. We identified that the probability of having more than 146,998 individuals of livestock is 30% and of obtaining a fish production considered “high” by fishers is 44.2% for a period from 1995 to 2019. However, under permanent conditions, the probability of this livestock decreases to 18.7%, and “high” fishing increases to 87.5%. Under seasonal conditions, the probability of high livestock production increases to 42.8%, and fish production decreases to 3.85%. We demonstrated how the loss of functionality of the existing hydraulic technology in the study area modifies the production dynamics and how a maximum level of agricultural and livestock production is associated with an increase in forest and grassland cover. We consider that the application of the network strengthens adaptation strategies for climate change or The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events, the risk management plans and land use decision plans in the tropical wetlands.

Развитие производства мясомолочной продукции как фактор обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны

The purpose of the study is to analyze the change in the volume of livestock production for all categories of agricultural producers. The first category is represented by agricultural organizations, including business partnerships and companies, production cooperatives, unitary enterprises, subsidiary farms of non-agricultural organizations and institutions. The second category is household households, which include personal subsidiary farms and other individual farms of citizens who have plots in horticultural or horticultural non-profit associations. The third category is personal subsidiary plots for the production and processing of agricultural products in household and field plots. Along with production, the presented article discusses the directions for using the produced meat and dairy products, the structure of production, product losses. In addition, the dynamics of changes in the fleet of agricultural machinery is presented, as well as an analysis of the impact of the number and labor productivity of workers engaged in agricultural production for 2010–2020. to the level of agricultural production.
 The main objective of the study is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of the livestock sector of the agro-industrial complex.
 The paper identifies the main directions of the development potential of the livestock sector of the agro-industrial complex.

The Value of Agricultural Areas: An Estimation Model of the Area to the Southeast of the City of Bari

The role of agricultural activities in countries with mature economies suggests, on the one hand, the traditional role of producing foodstuffs and dietary fibers; on the other, it speaks to the offering of landscape, cultural, recreational, and environmental services. The member states of the European Union have for some time derogated the control of agricultural processes to EU decision-making, within an overarching vision that recalls both roles of this primary activity. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine military crisis have heightened the urgency to protect national agricultural production and guarantee minimum levels of agricultural provisions. In Italy, this orientation clashes with practices of unauthorized construction, favored by policies of “building amnesties”, and the pressure exercised on urban growth that, particularly in fringe areas, modifies the mercantile nature of agricultural lands. This paper examines the theme in operative terms, analyzing an urban fringe in the city of Bari. The use of multiple regression analysis, applied to the agricultural land market, evidenced how prices in these areas are clearly impacted by their potential transformation into buildable terrains, even when urban plans do not foresee this use.

THE NECESSITY, SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPROVING METHODS OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND CALCULATION

The paper presents a new approach to improving the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements in the drainage mode and in the subsoil moistening mode. This was done on the basis of substantiating the connection of all technical elements of the system and taking into account the influence of their work efficiency on the effectiveness of regulating the water regime of drained lands. The existence and structure of the hierarchical and hydraulic relationship between the parameters of soil flow movement, the parameters of the closed collector-drainage network, and the parameters of canals and structures of drainage systems were determined based on the application of the system methodology. A physical model, a structural model, a mathematical model, and a hydraulic model of the drainage system were developed. By using these models, the principles of determining the parameters of the hydraulic characteristics of drainage or water supply (discharge, pressure, velocity etc.) for all elements (drained massif of reclaimed field, collector and drainage network, open canals of the network, main canal, water intake) in the entire range of variation with possible consideration of changes in slopes were obtained. The considered approach will make it possible to evaluate the efficiency of water flow movement simultaneously on every technical element and on the drainage system as their interconnection. In the future, this will make it possible to improve the methods of designing and calculating the technological and structural parameters of drainage systems, and thereby ensure the overall technical, technological, economic, and ecological efficiency of their functioning in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This is a further improvement of the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements, taking into account the structural, hierarchical, and hydraulic relationship between them in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This will make it possible to increase the validity and general technical, technological, ecological and economic efficiency of the creation and functioning of drainage systems during the implementation of adaptive measures regarding the changes in climatic conditions and the level of agricultural production in the area of drainage reclamation, for example, in Ukrainian Polissia. It will also provide an opportunity to ensure the necessary level of food security in the region and the country as a whole in the war and post-war periods.