Adult Levels Research Articles

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the productive engagement of Chinese older adults in the community.

The evaluation of productive engagement of old adults has become a challenging task because cultural, ethical, religious, and other personal values may influence perceptions of the meaning and consequences of productive engagement. Assessing the productive engagement of the older adults is crucial to promote active and productive aging. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire concerning the productive engagement of Chinese older adults in the community. A draft scale was created via a literature review and interviews with 17 older adults in the community, following the cross-cultural framework for productive engagement in later life. Content validity was assessed by seven experts. Subsequently, a preliminary questionnaire containing 33 items was developed and its psychometric properties were evaluated. The final version of the questionnaire was composed of 27 items distributed across five dimensions. The overall standardized Cronbach's α for the productive engagement questionnaire was 0.904, with individual dimension values ranging from 0.759 to 0.869. Nearly all dimensions displayed satisfactory factor loadings. The correlation coefficient between each item's score and its respective dimension ranged from 0.473 to 0.723. The developed questionnaire exhibited good validity and reliability, showing promise for effectively evaluating the productive engagement level of Chinese older adults within the community. Not applicable.

Exploring the Impact of Blood Draws on the Intraocular Pressure of Older Adults: A Focus on Physiological Responses

Background/Objectives: This study investigated intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after a blood draw in older adults considering sex, age, and baseline IOP. Methods: Fifty-three subjects (54.7% females; age: 68.50 ± 4.46 years; Visual Function Index [VF14]: 94.50 ± 7.50 points; mean contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for both eyes in each spatial frequency [cdp]: 1.5 cdp [1.41 ± 0.20 log], 3 cdp [1.57 ± 0.29 log], 6 cdp [1.45 ± 0.39 log], 12 cdp [1.04 ± 0.40 log], 18 cdp [0.63 ± 0.31 log]) voluntarily participated. Subjects fasted for at least 8 h before attending the laboratory. First, IOP was measured in a seated position using a portable rebound tonometer. Ten minutes after the initial measurement, two 10 mL tubes of blood were drawn. Five minutes after the blood draw IOP was measured again following the same procedure as the initial measurement. We evaluated the differences using an analysis of variance. Results: Significant, but not clinically relevant, decreases were found in the right eye, with small effect sizes (p = 0.013–0.079, d = 0.35). Only males and subjects older than 68 years showed trends toward IOP reduction in the right eye. Subjects with baseline IOP ≥ 14 mmHg experienced significant IOP reductions in both eyes, with moderate effect sizes (p = 0.001–0.002, d = 0.56–0.69). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a blood draw of 20 mL is safe for the IOP levels of older adults with baseline IOP between 11 and 21 mmHg. Variations in IOP were observed based on baseline IOP, sex, and age, suggesting the importance of personalized clinical assessments. The primary factor influencing IOP changes appears to be the baseline IOP level.

Pubertal- and stress-dependent changes in cellular activation and expression of excitatory amino acid receptor subunits in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in male and female rats.

Pubertal maturation is marked by significant changes in stress-induced hormonal responses mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with prepubertal male and female rats often exhibiting greater HPA reactivity compared to adult males and females. Though the implications of these changes are unclear, elevated stress responsiveness might contribute to the stress-related vulnerabilities often associated with puberty. The current experiments sought to determine whether differences in cellular activation, as measured by FOS immunohistochemistry, or excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression, as measured by qRT-PCR, in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were associated with these noted pubertal shifts in stress reactivity in male and female rats. As the PVN is the key nucleus responsible for activating the hormonal stress response, we predicted greater cellular activation and higher expression levels of glutamate receptor subunits in the PVN of prepubertal males and females compared to their adult counterparts. Our FOS data revealed that while prepubertal males showed greater stress-induced activation in the PVN than adult males, prepubertal females showed less activation than adult females. Moreover, many of the NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptor subunits measured, including Grin1, Grin2b, Gria1, Gria2, Grik1, and Grik2, had higher expression levels in adults, particularly in males. Though not supporting our initial predictions, these data do indicate that age and stress influence the activation of the PVN and the expression of glutamate receptor subunits important in its function. These data also suggest that the effects of age and stress are different in males and females. Though still far from a clear understanding of what mechanism(s) mediate pubertal shift in stress reactivity, these data add to our growing understanding of how age, stress, and sex influence HPA function.

Konsep Tarbiyah, Ta’lim, dan Tadris dalam Al-Qur’an

The problem in this research is the discovery of errors in interpreting the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris in the world of education. The Al-Quran explains the many meanings of these tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris. The aim of this research is to discuss the meaning of the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris contained in the Al-Qur'an in order to provide a very relevant understanding. The theories used are the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim and tadris. Data collection for this research used qualitative methods which were carried out by means of literature studies taken from several tafsir books, journals and other sources relevant to the topic. The results of this research are that the tarbiyah concept is aimed at an educator to teach step by step following one process after another. This concept term is often used in the world of undergraduate education. The concept of ta'lim itself tends to provide knowledge at an adult level or in other terms, knowledge transfer. This concept is often used in study groups. Meanwhile, the concept of ta'lim is often used in formal education, as this concept involves students, an educator is only a guide and director

Gendered trends in unpaid labour by educational level in Sweden 2004-2022

Abstract Background Unpaid labour has recently been recognised as an important yet neglected social determinant of health. Our aim was to investigate the gendered trends in unpaid labour/domestic work by educational level in prime working-age Swedish adults (30-49 years) from 2004-2022. Methods The study is based on a postal survey sent to a random general population sample of adults from central Sweden in 2004, 2008, 2012, 2017 and 2022. The 30-49-year age group included between 5,500 and 12,200 respondents depending on the survey year. Trends in hours spent in domestic work and in experiencing domestic work as burdensome by gender and educational level were estimated by age-standardised proportions with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Women reported spending more time in domestic work than men throughout every survey period from 2004 to 2022. For example, in 2022, 31% of women spent more than 20 hours per week in domestic work compared to 20% of men. Over time, hours spent in domestic work decreased in women whereas no trend was observed in men. Among women, educational level appeared to make no difference to prevalence of high domestic work time whereas, among men, it was consistently greater among those with higher educational levels. In general, women experienced domestic work as burdensome to a higher degree than men did. Conclusions As gender differences in unpaid labour/domestic work persist in Sweden, more effort is needed to implement social policies to increase men’s participation in domestic work, especially among men with low and middle educational levels, which has the potential to reduce gendered health inequities. Key messages • Amongst Swedish adults aged 30-49 years, the gender gap in unpaid labour has declined during the last two decades, but this is only due to women reducing their domestic work time. • For men, prevalence of high domestic work time was consistently greater among those with higher educational levels, whereas no difference was observed among women.

The Relationship of Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity on Cholesterol Level in Young Adults

High blood cholesterol levels are a serious problem because they are one of the risk factors for degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular. Research data shows that in Ambon City, 32.49% of the population has the habit of consuming fatty/cholesterol/fried foods ≥1 time per day. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary habit and physical activity with blood cholesterol levels. The type of research used was quantitative, sampling technique used was convenience sampling for 30 people. The independent variables in this study were dietary intake (amount, frequency, and type) measured using a semi-quantitative FFQ and physical activity measured using the IPAQ questionnaire and dependent variable was cholesterol level. The limiting variable was blood cholesterol levels taken through skin pricks. The results showed no relationship between diet and physical activity and blood cholesterol levels.

Elevated Circulating Sclerostin Levels in Frail Older Adults: Implications beyond Bone Health.

Sclerostin, initially recognized for its pivotal role in bone metabolism, has gained attention for its multifaceted impact on overall human health. However, its influence on frailty-a condition that best reflects biological age-has not been thoroughly investigated. We collected blood samples from 244 older adults who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments. Sclerostin levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Frailty was assessed using two validated approaches: the phenotypic model by Fried and the deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) by Rockwood. After controlling for sex, age, and body mass index, we found that serum sclerostin levels were significantly elevated in frail individuals compared to their robust counterparts (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum sclerostin concentrations and the FI (P<0.001). Each standard deviation increase in serum sclerostin was associated with an odds ratio of 1.87 for frailty (P=0.003). Moreover, participants in the highest quartile of sclerostin levels had a significantly higher FI and a 9.91-fold increased odds of frailty compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.003 and P=0.039, respectively). These findings, which for the first time explore the association between circulating sclerostin levels and frailty, have significant clinical implications, positioning sclerostin as one of potential blood-based biomarkers for frailty that captures the comprehensive physical, mental, and social aspects of the elderly, extending beyond its traditional role in bone metabolism.

Comparison of Emergency Department Disposition Times in Adult Level I and Level II Trauma Centers

Introduction: The efficient utilization of resources is a crucial aspect of healthcare, particularly in both Level I and Level II American College of Surgeons (ACS)-verified trauma centers. The effect of resource allocation on emergency department length of stay (ED-LOS) of trauma patients has remained under-investigated. As ED crowding has become more prevalent, especially at quaternary care centers, an evaluation of the potential disparities in ED-LOS between Level I and Level II trauma centers is warranted. We hypothesized a longer ED-LOS at Level I centers compared to Level II centers. Methods: We queried the 2017–2021 Trauma Quality Improvement Process (TQIP) database for trauma patients ≥18 years of age presenting to either a Level-I or -II center. The TQIP defines ED-LOS as the time from arrival until the time an ED disposition (admission or discharge) order is written. We excluded transferred patients and those with missing data regarding ACS trauma center verification level. We performed bivariate analyses, as well as subgroup analyses based on location of disposition. Results: Of 2,225,067 trauma patients, 59.3% (1,318,497) received treatment at Level I centers. No significant differences were found in Injury Severity Scores between patients admitted to the operating room or non-intensive care unit (ICU) locations, or discharged home from Level-I and -II centers (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The ED-LOS for trauma patients was longer at Level-I centers for all patient categories: overall (198 vs 145 minutes [min], P &amp;lt; 0.001), discharged home (286 vs 160 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001), non-ICU admissions (234 vs 164 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and those requiring surgery (126 vs 101 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Even when treating patients with similar injury severity, trauma patients at Level I trauma centers had longer ED-LOS compared to Level II centers, irrespective of the patients’ final disposition (surgery, non-ICU admission, or discharge). To optimize resource utilization and alleviate ED saturation, further research must delve into the underlying causes of these discrepancies to identify best practices and solutions.

Antibody levels versus vaccination status in the outcome of older adults with COVID-19.

BACKGROUNDDespite the currently prevailing, milder Omicron variant of COVID-19, older adults remain at elevated risk of hospital admission, critical illness, and death. Loss of efficacy of the immune system, including reduced strength, quality, and durability of antibody responses, may render generalized recommendations on booster vaccinations inadequate. There is a lack of data on the efficacy of antibody levels in older adults and on the utility of vaccination status versus antibody levels as a correlate of protection. It is further unclear whether antibody levels may be used to guide the timing of booster vaccinations in older adults.METHODSWe conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study comprising hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were measured on hospital admission. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Patients were stratified by age, antibody levels, and vaccination status. Multiple logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were conducted.RESULTSIn total, 785 older patients (≥60 years of age [a]) and 367 controls (<60a) were included. After adjusting for confounders, risk of mortality, ICU admission, endotracheal intubation, and oxygen administration was 4.9, 2.6, 6.5, and 2.3 times higher, respectively, if antibody levels were < 1,200 BAU/mL (aOR, 4.92 [95%CI, 2.59-9.34], P < 0.0001; aOR, 2.64 [95%CI, 1.52-4.62], P = 0.0006; aOR, 6.50 [95%CI, 1.48-28.47], P = 0.013; aOR, 2.34 [95%CI, 1.60-3.343], P < 0.0001). Older adults infected with the Omicron variant were approximately 6 times more likely to die if antibody levels were < 1,200 BAU/mL (aOR, 6.3 [95% CI, 2.43-16.40], P = 0.0002).CONCLUSIONAntibody levels were a stronger predictor of in-hospital mortality than vaccination status. Monitoring antibody levels may constitute a better and more direct approach for safeguarding older adults from adverse COVID-19 outcomes.

Impact of Vaccination Time on Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Adults: A Quasi-experimental Study

Impact of Vaccination Time on Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Adults: A Quasi-experimental Study

Establishment and verification of reference intervals for blood cell analysis in extremely high altitude.

This study aimed to establish the reference intervals for complete blood count (CBC) in healthy adults at very high altitudes. This study recruited 4,863 healthy adults (3,598 males and 1,265 females) who received routine health check-ups at Ali District People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 through the LIS system. CBC was detected by the XT-4000i automatic cell analyzer and statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software (between-groups comparison, diagnostic concordance comparison). In addition, 20 health check samples were collected in 2022 to validate the established reference intervals. The CBC count showed a non-normal distribution in each item separately. The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH), monocyte (MONO), eosinophil (EO), basophil (BASO), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin content (MCH), and mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels of healthy adults were significantly different from the national clinical reference range (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between males and females in RBC, HGB, and HCT levels (p < 0.05). The new reference intervals were less consistent with the expert consensus CBC reference intervals (p < 0.05). Compared with the other reference intervals, the diagnostic value of the reference screening interval established was significantly higher in this study (p < 0.05). The reference range established is verified by 20 independent samples from 2022, and the results are acceptable. This study preliminarily established reference intervals for complete blood counts of healthy adults at high altitudes in the Ali region of Tibet to provide a reference point for understanding routine blood markers in permanent residents of high-altitude environments and illustrate the need for regular establishment of laboratory reference intervals on a regular basis.

An andragogical proposal to improve teaching skills at the university level

The development of andragogy training enhances the competencies of university teachers. This study aimed to propose a training program in andragogy to improve teaching effectiveness at the university level. Using a quantitative methodology within a non-experimental design, the research included a sample of 193 teachers, using surveys and questionnaires as instruments. The results revealed that, in general, teaching competencies were at a moderate level, with particular emphasis on strategies that foster intrinsic motivation and opportunities for reflection, self-assessment, and evaluation of adult learners' motivation levels. Generally, the results highlight that andragogy training strengthens teaching competencies and enriches classroom interaction.

Prognostic role of serum copeptin levels in adults with graded traumatic brain injury.

The efficacy of copeptin in patients with severe head injuries remains unclear. To investigate the role of serum copeptin levels in detecting intracranial injury, assessing trauma severity, and predicting outcomes in adults with graded traumatic brain injury (TBI). This prospective non-randomized controlled study enrolled 78 adults with isolated head trauma, as well as 59 age- and sex-matched controls. Baseline serum copeptin levels were measured in both groups. Patients were categorized by head trauma severity using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (severe GCS 3-8, moderate GCS 9-13, mild GCS 14-15) and by the presence of intracerebral or extracerebral lesions on cranial computed tomography (CCT). Patients were also classified as survivors or non-survivors. Serum copeptin levels were compared among these. Mean serum copeptin levels were significantly higher in patients with graded TBI than in controls. Furthermore, patients with severe and moderate head trauma had significantly higher copeptin levels compared with patients exhibiting mild trauma. An optimal copeptin cutoff value of > 1147pg/mL was identified, indicating the presence of moderate or severe trauma in TBI patients. Patients with abnormal CCT findings had significantly higher mean serum copeptin levels compared with patients exhibiting normal CCT scans. Non-survivors also showed significantly higher serum copeptin levels compared with survivors. Serum copeptin levels rise after graded TBI and can distinguish between patients with and without intracranial or extracranial lesions evident on CCT. Copeptin levels also aid in identifying moderate or severe TBI and in predicting 28-day mortality.

Correlation analysis of the urban community environment and health promotion among adults aged ≥ 55 years: the mediating role of physical activity

BackgroundPhysical health (PH), including muscle strength, endurance, and the ability to perform daily physical tasks, gradually declines with increasing age, leading to disability and an increased disease burden. Both the urban community environment (UCE) and physical activity (PA) were linked to PH.MethodsA total of 625 participants aged 55 years and older from Haidian and Chaoyang Districts in Beijing, China, were included in the study from September to December 2023.PH was assessed by a combined score of four tests, including BMI, chronic disease, depression and self-rated health.The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated (NEWS-A), Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D), Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) and Social Support Rate Score (SSRS) were collected. The analysis was carried out with SPSS v.20 and Amos 24, and the results were validated via structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsThe urban community environment was positively associated with the health level of older adults. Specifically, the standardized path coefficients indicate that the influence of the built environment (0.72–0.88) was greater than that of the social environment (0.43–0.55) and personal attributes (0.22–0.37) on older adults’ health. Physical activity demonstrated both a mediating effect and an indirect effect, highlighting its significant value as a mediating variable.ConclusionsThe urban community environment has a positive impact on promoting the physical health of older adults, with the influence of the built environment being greater than that of the social environment and personal attributes on their physical health. Physical activity acts as a mediator between the urban community environment and the physical health of older adults.

EphB2, EphB4, and ephrin-B1 expression and localization in postnatal developing epididymis in mice.

Eph receptors and ephrin ligands, the transmembrane proteins, function as a mechanism of communication between cells. Therefore, we intended to explore the expression array of EphB2 and EphB4 receptors and ephrin-B1 ligand in postnatal developing mouse epididymis during 1 day to 8 weeks using RT-PCR amplification and immunofluorescence staining. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression levels of EphB2, EphB4, and ephrin-B1 in the epididymis declined with the advancement of age during the initial phases of postnatal development and stayed relatively near to adult levels until 4 weeks. We discovered that the predominant compartments expressing EphB2/B4 and ephrin-B1 emerged in the excurrent duct epithelia of postnatal developing epididymis until 3 weeks. Consequently, even before spermatozoa reach the excurrent duct in epididymis, at the age of 3 weeks, the epididymal excurrent duct system exhibits characteristics similar to those of an adult in terms of expression of EphB2/B4 and ephrin-B1. Moreover, ephrin-B1 was expressed in epididymal epithelial cells throughout the development and EphB4 was expressed only in early postnatal stages while basal cells expressed EphB4 throughout the postnatal development. The study represents the first expression analysis of ephrin-B1, EphB2, and EphB4 in the normal mouse epididymis during the postnatal development.

Effects of plant-based diets combined with exercise training on leptin and adiponectin levels in adults with or without chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.

The effects of exercise training combined with plant-based diets (PBD) on leptin and adiponectin levels have been studied. However, little is known regarding the impact of exercise training combined with PBD on leptin and adiponectin levels in adults with or without chronic diseases. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify original articles, published until May 2024, to assess the effects of exercise training combined with PBD on leptin and adiponectin levels in adults with or without chronic diseases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random models. Nine studies comprising 960 participants with overweight and obesity were included in the current meta-analysis. Exercise training combined with PBD reduced leptin [SMD = -0.33 (95% CI: -0.62 to -0.04); p = 0.025] while increasing adiponectin [SMD = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.12 to 1.74); p = 0.024] levels. Exercise training combined with PBD is suggested as a non-invasive intervention for reducing leptin while increasing adiponectin levels to control body mass and other disorders related to obesity in adults.

Ultra-processed foods intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adropin levels in adults

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been a lot of discussion over the impact of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake on overall health of subjects. However, the association between UPFs intake and metabolic unhealthy (MU) status is still in a state of ambiguity. The current study assessed the relationship between UPFs intake and MU status with regard to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin levels.MethodsA sample of Iranian adults (aged 20–65 years) was selected to participate in this cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster random-sampling method. UPFs intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and NOVA classification. Concentrations of metabolic parameters, BDNF and adropin were determined through fasting blood samples. MU status was assessed according to the criteria proposed by Wildman.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MU phenotype among study participants (n = 527) was 42.5%. Higher intake of UPFs was associated with elevated odds of MU status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1=1.88; 95%CI: 1.02–3.45). Moreover, a positive association was observed between UPFs intake and hypertriglyceridemia after controlling all confounders (ORT3 vs. T1=2.07; 95%CI: 1.15–3.73). However, each tertile increase in UPFs intake was not significantly associated with serum BDNF (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\:\\beta\\:$$\\end{document}=0.15; 95%CI: -0.05, 0.34; P = 0.14) and adropin (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\:\\beta\\:$$\\end{document}=-1.37; 95%CI: -6.16, 3.42; P = 0.58) levels in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.ConclusionOur findings suggested that higher consumption of UPFs was related to increased likelihood of MU status among a sample of Iranian adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to verify the directionality and generalizability of the results to all adult populations.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions on diabetes distress and glycemic level in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AimsThe treatment of diabetes distress plays an important role in diabetes care; however, no meta-analysis has been performed to synthesize the short- and long-term effects of psychological interventions tailored for diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes. We aim to evaluate the evidence on tailored psychological interventions for diabetes distress as the primary outcome, focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched eight databases from their inception to September 2024. EndNote X9 was used to screen records. The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE system was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. A random effect model was used to determine the mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses based on several intervention characteristics and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.ResultsTotally, 22,279 records were yielded, and we finally included 18 studies in our systematic review. The meta-analysis included data from 16 studies representing 1639 participants. Interventions types included mindfulness-based and cognitive behavioral therapy, among others. Duration of interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 6 months. We found that psychological interventions that measured diabetes distress significantly reduced diabetes distress in the short-term in people with type 2 diabetes (SMD= -0.56; 95% CI= -0.90, -0.22; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that this effect could be enhanced when delivered in a group format, by psychologist, using a technology component, or including participants having elevated baseline diabetes distress. However, the short- and long-term effects on HbA1c were non-significant, with results showing (MD = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.26; p = 0.89) and (MD = -0.27; 95% CI = -0.64 to 0.10; p = 0.15), respectively. The long-term effect on diabetes distress was also non-significant (SMD = -0.45; 95% CI = -0.93 to 0.03; p = 0.07).ConclusionsPsychological interventions tailored for diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes are effective in reducing the level of diabetes distress immediately after the intervention. More trials are still needed to further enrich the evidence in this area.

Isolation of Clonostachys rosea and Characterizing Its Entomopathogenic Activity against Dubas Bug (Ommatissus lybicus) Nymphs and Adults

The Dubas bug is a serious and widespread pest of date palms in several countries in the Middle East. Chemical pesticides are widely used for managing this pest; however, most pesticides fail due to the continuous development of pesticide resistance. The primary goal of this research was to isolate endophytic fungi and test their entomopathogenic activity against Dubas bug nymphs and adults. A total of 27 fungal isolates were obtained and identified using the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) region. These strains represent 16 species, belonging to 10 genera of seven different families, Ascomycota with six families and Basidiomycota with a single family, Quambalariaceae. Due to its remarkable biological control ability against insect pests, Clonostachys rosea was further studied for its entomopathogenic activity against Ommatissus lybicus nymphs and adults in comparison to a commercial strain of Beauveria bassiana. The concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL of the selected endophytic isolate was used in lab experiments targeting Dubas bug healthy nymphs and adults. After 7 days of C. rosea treatment, the isolate caused significant mortality rates of 85% in the adult insects, while the mortality rates were moderate in the nymphs (33%). The commercial strain of B. bassiana resulted in 100% mortality levels in nymphs and adults of the Dubas bug. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of O. lybicus adults treated with C. rosea and B. bassiana showed mycelium growing on the eye, antenna, cuticle, and egg oviposition parts of O. lybicus. Mycelium growth of both fungi was also evident on the nymphs. This study reports for the first time the isolation of C. rosea from the Dubas bug, and its high entomopathogenic activity against an adult population of O. lybicus.

6990 Vitamin D Supplementation in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Effects on 1,25(OH)Vitamin D and FGF23 Levels

Abstract Disclosure: S.G. Pallone: None. M. Ohe: None. L.D. Santos: None. I.O. Nakaguma: None. I.S. Kunii: None. R.E. Silva: None. S.S. Maeda: None. C.M. Brandao: None. J.G. Vieira: None. M. Lazaretti-Castro: None. Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition characterized by high levels of PTH in the presence of hypercalcemia. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with more severe presentations. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on mineral homeostasis and related hormones in individuals with PHPT compared to controls without PHPT. Materials and methods: Individuals with and without PHPT received 14,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3 for 12 weeks. At baseline and endpoint, blood samples were collected to measure 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), Parathormon (PTH), total calcium (tCa), phosphorus and other biochemical markers. The intact FGF23 was measured using an automated Diasorin LIAISON kit. The 1,25(OH)2D measurement was performed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: 70 PHPT patients and 75 healthy individuals (CTRL) were included, and 55 PHPT and 64 CTRL completed the 12-week protocol. At baseline, tCa, PTH, 1,25(OH)2D, and intact FGF23 concentrations were significantly higher in PHTP, with no difference in 25OHD levels. After the intervention, the 25OHD levels increased significantly in both groups (PHPT: 22.6.9±6.1 to 31.5±6.8; CTRL: 20.3±5.7 to 32.5±6.4 ng/mL, p&amp;lt;0.001). There was significative increase in intact FGF23 levels in both groups (PHPT: 47.9±27.1 to 76.3±33.3; CTRL: 40.5±13.9 to 59.8±19.8 pg/mL, p&amp;lt;0.001). After the vitamin D replacement, the tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) was significantly reduced in both groups (PHPT: 85.0±7.4% to 83.6±7.75% CTRL: 89.5±4.5% to 88.7±4.8%, p=0.031), without changes in serum phosphorus levels, possibly indicating phosphaturic response to the intervention. Moreover, this decrease of TRP was positively correlated to the increment of FGF23 in the PHPT group. A paradoxical decrease in 1,25(OH)2D levels after vitamin D supplementation was observed in both groups (PHPT: 94.8±34.6 to 68.9±25.3; CTRL: 68.7±23.5 to 56.4±20.7 pg/mL, p&amp;lt;0.001). The reduction of 1,25(OH) 2 D was inversely correlated with the elevation of FGF23 in both groups (r=-0.302, p=0.028). In both groups, no changes in tCa were observed (PHPT: from 11.02±0.9 to 11.1±0.8; CTRL: 9.6±0.3 to 9.6±0.3 pg/mL, p=0.153), as the same for urinary calcium (p=0.534) and PTH measurements (p=0.516). Conclusion: The weekly administration of 14,000 IU of Vitamin D3 was safe and the increase in 25OHD after supplementation did not change the serum or urinary calcium levels in adults with and without PHPT. In both groups, it was observed a paradoxical decrease in 1,25(OH)2D levels after supplementation, which was associated with significant increase in intact FGF23 levels. This effect can maybe explain the safety response on calcium levels in face of vitamin D supplementation among PHPT patients. Presentation: 6/2/2024