Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, including rice straw, rice husk, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane peel, waste coffee grounds, bamboo leaves, pennisetum grass, and leucaena wood, were pyrolyzed by using microwave heating. Both maximum temperature and heating rate of microwave pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass increased with increasing microwave power level. The minimum required microwave power level could be approximately 60 W. Solid, liquid, and gas yields of microwave pyrolysis at 500 W were in the ranges of 16–22, 40–48, and 30–40 wt%, respectively. The gaseous products were primarily composed of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2, whose concentration were in the ranges of 18–25, 6–8, 51–59, and 10–14 vol%, respectively. The concentration of light hydrocarbons was only 3–5 vol%. Besides, microwave pyrolysis should be more energy-saving than conventional pyrolysis because of higher devolatilization and lower reaction temperature required.