Faculty Of Letters Research Articles

Undergraduates' Perspectives on the Significance of Soft Skills for Employment: Gender-Based Differences

Abstract: Considering current challenges such as the complexities of 21st century life and the rise of artificial intelligence, integrating soft skills into Moroccan higher education has become essential. Despite the increasing focus on this area of research, there are few studies that examine soft skills and employment in Morocco. This study therefore examines undergraduates' comprehension of soft skills and their perspectives concerning those most essential for enhancing employability. It also seeks to explore whether there are significant disparities in students' perceived significance of soft skills based on gender, as well as whether gender influences students' perspectives on the most vital soft skills for employment. Data were gathered from 111 students hailing from the Faculty of Letters and Humanities and the Faculty of Science in the Moroccan region of Casablanca-Settat, representing various academic disciplines. Utilizing an online questionnaire developed from prior literature, the study uncovered intriguing findings. The study found students not only recognize the significance of soft skills required for employment but also are generally aware of these skills. The five soft skills deemed essential by students for bolstering employment included communication, time management, work ethics, positive attitude, and willingness to learn. Furthermore, statistical analyses found noteworthy disparities in students' perspectives based on gender, with females showing a preference for soft skills for employment and deeming these skills as important as hard ones, in contrast to their male counterparts. Regarding the most critical skills for employment, gender-based disparities were evident. Females exhibited a heightened appreciation for skills such as time management, willingness to learn, engagement in small group discussions, and maintaining a positive attitude. In light of these findings, this study holds significant implications for the education system in Morocco, particularly in terms of integrating and prioritizing soft skills development.

Morocco's Webinars Ignite Global Academic Resilience in Doctoral Research

General Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered significant disruptions in education worldwide, compelling a shift to online learning across various contexts, including in Morocco. Specific Background: In response to this challenge, the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences at Mohammed V University in Rabat initiated the "Language, Culture, and Society" (LCS) webinar series. This program provided a virtual platform for doctoral students, aiming to sustain academic progress and emotional well-being during the crisis. Knowledge Gap: Despite the proliferation of online educational initiatives during the pandemic, there is limited research on how such programs specifically impact doctoral students' academic and psychological resilience. Aims: This article aims to explore the transformative role of the LCS webinar series in enhancing the academic journey and personal growth of doctoral students, particularly in alleviating challenges such as despair and reader's block. Results: The LCS webinars emerged as a crucial support mechanism, facilitating academic discourse, skill development, and psychological reinforcement. The program significantly contributed to restoring confidence, refining research trajectories, and fostering a culture of collaboration among an international online community. Novelty: This study provides a unique narrative reflection on the impact of a specific online educational program during a global crisis, emphasizing the dual academic and psychological support offered to doctoral students. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of online platforms in higher education, particularly in crisis contexts. The success of the LCS webinars suggests that similar initiatives could be replicated to support doctoral students globally, offering sustained academic and emotional support through accessible, high-quality online resources. Highlights: Webinar Impact: Enhanced academic progress and growth. Psychological Support: Overcame despair with emotional reinforcement. Global Collaboration: Fostered international scholarly connections. Keywords: COVID-19, online learning, doctoral students, webinars, academic resilience

The Didactic Contract in Hybrid Education: A Prospective Analysis

Following the COVID-19 epidemic in March 2020, Algerian universities were forced to implement remote teaching across the country. Nonetheless, the major players in this context have not been pre-implemented. We are therefore interested in the difficulties encountered in this new context, mainly in the didactic relationship. Having made this preliminary statement regarding distance teaching, we should now ask what the nature of the problems is that flow from these breaches of the didactic contract and what their consequences are for both the introduction of teaching content and for the assessment methods. To answer these questions, a questionnaire was addressed to both teachers and students of the faculty of letters at Hassiba Benbouali University, in the French department, to detect the nature of the obstacles encountered. In other words, the data analysis aims to solve the various problems presented by these new hybrid teaching situations within Algerian university settings. The findings provide valuable insights into preparing for and addressing the challenges of hybrid and remote teaching. Thus, it is crucial to proactively develop actionable strategies to elevate the overall quality of education in this ever evolving academic prospect.

Effets formateurs des organisateurs graphiques dans la matérialisation de l'apprentissage situationnel

Situational learning is one of the teaching options that can ensure the efficiency of the activity, as it allows capitalizing on students' previous experience and provides a link between new content elements and examples in the immediate reality. The appeal to different graphic organizers in carrying out situational learning increases the effectiveness of this approach. This study analyzes the formative effects of graphic organizers in achieving situational learning. The research undertaken was based on the use of two research methods: questionnaire-based survey and focus-group interview. The opinion questionnaire was applied to a sample of 58 master students, in the first year, at the Faculty of Letters, University of Craiova, and who are, at the same time, enrolled in the initial training program as teachers, and the interview was conducted with 10 students from the same faculty. The results obtained from the application of the two research tools allowed the identification of teachers' training needs regarding the conditions of methodological efficiency of capitalizing on situational learning in practice, facilitated by different graphic organizers. Based on the results obtained, we propose the use of tools to optimize the process of training and developing the competences of a future teacher. Some of these tools have been developed and harnessed in previous research and improved, but there are also new proposals.

Enhancing Paragraph Writing Proficiency: A Study of Students' Performance Post Global English Textbooks Exposure

The article focuses on identification of students’ performance to write paragraphs and the topics needed by students to be developed post global English textbooks exposure. This study aimed to investigate description of current students’ performance to write paragraphs after studying a paragraph writing using Global English Textbooks and to find out the topics needed by students to be developed as teaching English textbook materials for Paragraph Writing Course. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of students' paragraph writing performance with qualitative interpretation into their perceptions to the use of global English textbooks as writing paragraph teaching materials. The total samples were 44 students of English Study Program, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Muslim Indonesia. To obtain information from the informants, the researchers employed questionnaires of Paragraph Writing distributed to the students through the Learning Management System (LMS) Google form. The results showed that students exhibited a wide range of proficiency levels in paragraph writing, from advanced to fundamental deficiencies, necessitating targeted support across all skill levels. Moreover, a significant proportion of students lacked confidence in their writing abilities, emphasizing the importance of tailored instruction to address uncertainties effectively. Challenges with global English textbooks, including language complexity and cultural references, exacerbated these issues. Despite the inherent benefits of paragraph writing, such as language development and critical thinking skills, some students questioned its relevance in non-native English education settings. Additionally, doubts about fundamental language aspects like vocabulary and grammar underscored the need for focused instruction in these areas. Overall, addressing these challenges required comprehensive supports and resources to enhance students' paragraph writing skills and confidence levels effectively. Meanwhile, the exploration of sixty topics provided valuable insights into students' interests and knowledge. Among them, sixteen topics emerged as notably popular, indicating a strong resonance with students. These topics ranged from personal narratives to societal issues, reflecting students' diverse values and concerns. Furthermore, themes related to self-improvement and academic success garnered considerable interest, underscoring students' aspirations for growth. Even less chosen topics still demonstrated students' engagement with various aspects of interpersonal relationships and cultural identity. Moreover, the inclusion of less common topics reflected students' recognition of broader educational and patriotic ideals, albeit with less enthusiasm.

Gheorghe I. Brătianu and the Black Sea Straits Question (1933-1944) – “Straits Fatalism”

The study analyses the position expressed between 1933 and 1944 by Gheorghe I. Brătianu regarding the Black Sea Straits Question. Through the works published during those years, he established himself as one of the greatest Romanian historians, his scientific interests focusing on the evolution of Romanians in the Middle Ages as well as on the role of the Black Sea in all international relations. In this context, as a Professor at the University of Bucharest, between 1941-1943, he taught a course at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy on The Black Sea Question, in which he extensively developed his concepts. They can be summarized in the phrase according to which Romania has faced the Pontus Euxinus “Straits fatalism” throughout its existence. At the same time, as a politician and party leader, Gheorghe I. Brătianu opposed Nicolae Titulescu’s policy of envisaging a mutual assistance treaty with the Soviet Union, a country that had not recognised the unification of Bessarabia with Romania. As such, he criticized the position adopted by Romania at the Montreux Conference (22 June-21 July 1936), which modified the status of the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits, according to Moscow’s interests. By the Convention signed on 20 July 1936, the access of non-littoral military ships was severely restricted.

Gheorghe I. Brătianu și problematica strâmtorilor Mării Negre (1933-1944) – „Fatalitatea strâmtorilor”

The study analyses the position expressed between 1933 and 1944 by Gheorghe I. Brătianu regarding the Black Sea Straits Question. Through the works published during those years, he established himself as one of the greatest Romanian historians, his scientific interests focusing on the evolution of Romanians in the Middle Ages as well as on the role of the Black Sea in all international relations. In this context, as a Professor at the University of Bucharest, between 1941-1943, he taught a course at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy on The Black Sea Question, in which he extensively developed his concepts. They can be summarized in the phrase according to which Romania has faced the Pontus Euxinus “Straits fatalism” throughout its existence. At the same time, as a politician and party leader, Gheorghe I. Brătianu opposed Nicolae Titulescu’s policy of envisaging a mutual assistance treaty with the Soviet Union, a country that had not recognised the unification of Bessarabia with Romania. As such, he criticized the position adopted by Romania at the Montreux Conference (22 June-21 July 1936), which modified the status of the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits, according to Moscow’s interests. By the Convention signed on 20 July 1936, the access of non-littoral military ships was severely restricted.

Evaluating Test-Retest Reliability of Language Tests in Moroccan Tertiary Education

Reliability is an essential element of assessment principles, and various methods were developed to measure language tests' reliability, including test-retest. This method is widely discussed in the literature; however, no studies investigating test-retest reliability have been published in Morocco. Therefore, the present study evaluated the test-retest method in the Departments of English Studies in the Moroccan Faculties of Letters and Humanities. One thousand seven hundred and seventy-two semester one students from three Moroccan universities took the grammar, paragraph writing, spoken English, and study skills tests on two occasions. The data consisting of students' scores in these modules were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reliability test analysis. The findings showed that variance among students and between test and retest scores was highly significant (p=0.001), and revealed that faculty, modules, and their interaction significantly affected the difference between test and retest scores. The implications of these results and the perspectives are discussed in the text.

Aspecte privind predarea limbii române ca limbă străină studenților care provin din zone de conflict

This article deals with the analysis and interpretation of some aspects on teaching Romanian to students coming from conflict zones. The applications will be based on the author’s experience at the so-called Preparatory Year organized by the Faculty of Letters at the University of Bucharest. The main objective of this article is, on the one hand, to provide instructors of Romanian as a foreign language with a new approach, and, on the other hand, with reinterpreted methods already existing in the didactics and pedagogy of foreign language teaching, so that the teaching process be as efficient as possible, and the linguistic and cultural integration of these students coming from conflict zones be as natural as possible. At the same time, we admit and reaffirm that the learning-teaching process involves permanent adjusting and readjusting to certain realities that go beyond the classroom, and latest pedagogies from a certain point in time can become inapplicable and noncompliant with the reality at a really fast pace.

Assessing the Development of Translation Competence Acquisition: A Case Study of MTSL Students at Abdelmalek Essaadi University –Tetouan

This study seeks to investigate the evolvement of translation competence acquisition while relating it to the progression in translation training. The assessment of the progress (if any) in translation competence acquisition is conducted through the investigation of the performance and the perception of MA translation students in the Faculty of Letters and Humanities in Tetouan. The study is meant precisely to shed light on trainees’ perspectives on translation assessment and to trace the development in acquiring translation competence via identifying indicators of that development in learners’ translations at different stages of learning. The aim is to reveal areas of translation sub-competences where learners exhibit more progress and to detect sub-competences that they find more challenging to develop. The descriptive method we implemented draws upon questionnaires that were delivered to MA learners to gather data about their perspectives on the acquisition and development of translation competence, and the observation reports that describe the common teaching practices as well as the assessment tools used to gauge the progress of learners’ translation competence. The selection of texts that pose prototypical translation problems allows for the identification of indicators of the trainees’ acquisition of the required sub-competences to deal with these translation problems. The findings of the study reveal that even though establishing specific competencies to be acquired by the end of translation training is a prior step in designing programs, there is always room for adjusting these competencies to align them with the trainees’ profile, the objectives of the course and the curriculum at large. To this end, assessment of the trainees’ proficiency provides useful information, at different stages of learning, on the learners’ achievements and on the learning areas that require enhancement.

Report on implementing the EFFORT Erasmus+ project at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Wrocław

This paper aims to provide the Polish readership interested in translator education with the main assumptions of the Erasmus+ EFFORT project. Therefore, this contribution addresses such issues as the stages and manner of EFFORT project implementation at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Wrocław (Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego; UWr). Moreover, this report aims to present the intellectual outputs produced in the project along with their translations into Polish.

Language Constrain in Academic Writing in The Form of Thesis For Students of Letters Faculty of Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar

This research aims to describe the students’ dominant influence in writing their thesis and the factors they faced in writing their thesis. The method of the study was library research, which meant that the researcher only collected data from their thesis, which was under the researcher’s supervision, and students tested in the thesis examination. The population of this research was all language aspects in the language constraints in academic writing. Because the language aspects are too large, the researcher limited the sample using a purposive sample technique, such as diction, effective sentences (coherence and parallelism), conjunctions, punctuation, and paragraphs (open, main, and closed). Then, the techniques for collecting data were observation, noting, and documentation. Those data were taken from 21 students writing their thesis and tested in the thesis examination. The result of this research was the dominant students' influence in writing their thesis was to compose effective sentences, chose exact words (diction), used conjunction, and made/built open and closed paragraphs. The factors that made it them were students' less practiced writing, less reading, and only depending on their lecture

LINGVISTICĂ UNIVERSITARĂ CRAIOVEANĂ ÎNTRE TRADIȚIE ȘI CONTEMPORANEITATE (STUDIU DE CAZ ANALELE UNIVERSITĂȚII DIN CRAIOVA. SERIA ȘTIINȚE FILOLOGICE. LINGVISTICĂ)

In order to illustrate the unity between tradition and contemporaneity in the linguistic research of the University of Craiova, the present article suggests a review of the concerns regarding the linguistic field, as it results from the analysis of the history of the academic publication The Annals of the University of Craiova. Philological Sciences Series. Linguistics. In our approach we have started from the articles published in the issues of the old series of the magazine and we continued with the ones published since 1996, when the new series of the well-known publication under the aegis of the University of Craiova was launched. The old series of the magazine was published in 1972 (with Pavel Țugui as editor-in-chief) under the name of The Annals of the University of Craiova. Philology Series, History, Georgaphy. It was published under this title until 1975, when it was separated from the other two fields, the Philological Sciences series being published separately, in 17x24 cm format. In 1996, after more than twenty years, the publication is resumed under the title The Annals of the University of Craiova. Philological Sciences Series. Linguistics. The new series is edited by the Faculty of Letters of the University of Craiova and it is characterized by a well-defined linguistic profile.

Il museo secondo Gio Ponti

The paper analyzes the conception of the museum through Gio Ponti’s writings, projects and work. Although over the course of his long and intense professional career he only designed the Denver Art Museum, opened in 1971, Ponti began reflecting on the role of the museum as early as the 1930s. The creation of the new headquarters of the Faculty of Letters (Liviano) and the arrangement of the rooms of the Rectorate of the University of Padua anticipate themes that would only later become the subject of a wider critical discussion, not only in the museographic field, proposing an idea of the museum as a living place and a place of education in direct contact with works of art of every age and genre.

Analisis Pola Ejaan Dalam Teks Pidato Mahasiswa

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.

Analisis Pola Ejaan Dalam Teks Pidato Mahasiswa

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.

Real yields and PVSYST simulations: comparative analysis based on four photovoltaic installations at Ibn Tofail University

Abstract Since the PVSYST simulator is the most well-known software among researchers and PV experts, we chose to compare its results to those of the manual method. Thus, the objective of the article was to obtain the degree of similarity between the results of the PVSYST simulation and the manual calculation of the same parameters, based on the study of the photovoltaic systems of the University Ibn Tofail. Those installations are installed in the Faculty of Letters, Science, the Presidency and CFC. The later used in our study, have different parameters. Hence, to collect these parameters and their distinct data we used multiple sources. The datasheets of each components of the PV system contains the parameters that distinguish the devices therefore it was mandatory to look for that information, since it will facilitate our study. The meteorological database PVGIS, was our reference for the temperature and irradiation data. What’s more is the PVSYST software that helps in the simulation of the PV system and thus having a detailed report with massive information. All this collection of data was aiming to help us comparing the results of yields and other parameters by manual calculation versus simulation in PVSYST. Morocco has demonstrated a strong commitment to combat climate change by embracing renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic systems. In this pursuit, universities like Ibn Tofail University (UIT) play a crucial role in addressing climate challenges and developing research solutions for mitigation. UIT actively participates in projects related to environmental protection and sustainable development, contributing to Morocco’s growth and higher education advancement. As part of its efforts, UIT has been involved in implementing sustainable green projects and promoting renewable energy technologies. A specific study at UIT aimed to compare PVSYST simulation results with manual calculations for four PV systems on campus, considering parameters such as orientation, electrical installation, and panel types. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Photovoltaic Systems Program has established standards and a key concept, the yield factor, measuring the net energy production over a facility’s lifetime compared to the energy used for construction, operation, and supply. By evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of PVSYST, researchers sought to advance the use of PV systems and contribute to Morocco’s renewable energy goals. Such research not only aids in the progression of renewable energy technology but also aligns with Morocco’s vision for sustainable development and environmental protection.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES OF AMBIVALENT SEXISM AND DATING VIOLENCE

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards dating violence and conflicting sexist attitudes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a total of 283 students at the Faculty of Letters of Munzur University in Türkiye between February and June 2021. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Dating Violence Questionnaire, and analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation analysis and Bonferroni test. A statistically significant moderately positive relationship was found between the students’ attitudes of ambivalent sexism and dating violence. The students had a high level of ambivalent sexism and a low level of dating violence. In the study, it was determined that men (74.93±22.41) exhibit higher ambivalent sexism attitudes than women (60.14±22.02), and the mean dating violence rate of men (1.56±0.38) is higher than that of women (1.30±0.29). As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the hostile and protective sexist attitude, which is the sub-dimensions of ambivalent sexism, is higher in male students than in female students. Finally, it was found that those with high protective sexism attitudes have more dating violence attitudes than those with high hostile sexism attitudes. The findings reveal that the ambivalent sexist attitude supports dating violence.

Dimitrie Onciul (1856-1923)

Dimitrie Onciul was born in 1856 in Straja, in the present day county of Suceava. He attended the Orthodox primary school, the high school and the university (specializing in history and geography) in Chernivtsi. In Vienna he attended the Faculty of Philosophy, specializing in Latin epigraphy, diplomatic, palaeography and sigillography. In 1884, he obtained his PhD in history at the University of Chernivtsi. Since 1885, he has been a secondary professor of history and geography in Chernivtsi. In 1895, Onciu decided to leave Bukovina and go to Romania, the decision being made following the conflict with the school inspector Carl Tumlirz. In Bucharest he knew the full consecration of his activity: He became the holder of the Chair of Old History of Romanians until the End of the 17th Century of the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the University of Bucharest (1896–1923) and then dean of this faculty (1919–1923). Since 1900 he has been the director general of the archives, being involved in the organization on a modern basis of this institution, following the model of those from other European centres. As president of the Commission of Historical Monuments (1919) he inaugurated medieval archaeological research, and in 1922 he founded the Heraldic Consultative Commission, of which he was the first president. Dimitrie Onciu’s scientific activity was rewarded by his election, first as a corresponding member (1889) and then as a titular member of the Romanian Academy (1905). He was vice-president (1913–1916) and president (1920–1923) of the Academy, and president of the historical department of the Romanian Academy (1911–1914, 1919–1922). Dimitrie Onciul focused his research mainly on two major themes: ethnogenesis and Romanian continuity in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space and and the way of formation of the Romanian principalities as independent states. Based on the thorough study of historical sources, Dimitrie Onciu’s studies have been pioneering future research. Dimitrie Onciul did not draw up an edition of his writings, most of them, except for a few studies that were printed in the form of extracts, being published in the press of the time. Over time, several editions of the writings of the Bukovinian historian appeared. He was a member or president of cultural societies (“Arboroasa”, “Junimea”, “România Jună”, the Society for Romanian Culture and Literature in Bukovina, “The Romanian School”, the National Orthodox Society of Romanian Women, the League for Cultural Unity of All Romanians), He contributed, through public conferences and university lectures, to the spiritual training of the Great Union generation, being confident in the triumph of the national cause. On March 20, 1923, suffering of a disease he had since childhood, Dimitrie Onciu passed away. He was buried in the Horecea Central Cemetery, in Chernivtsi. He remained in the memory of posterity as a tireless researcher of the history, being considered the one who introduced the concept of „critique” in the Romanian historiography. Along with other great personalities, such as Ioan Bogdan, A. D. Xenopol, Nicolae Iorga or Vasile Pârvan, he made valuable contributions to the progress of Romanian historical science.

Felicia Donceanu – The cycle of lieds Three songs for Til on lyrics by George Călinescu

Born on Moldavian soil, on January 28, 1931, in Bacău, the composer Felicia Donceanu completed her musical studies at the “Ciprian Porumbescu” Conservatory in Bucharest, under the high supervision of some already established personalities of Romanian music. She composed for various genres, from instrumental theater, children's music, to chamber music, stage music, vocal-symphonic, choral, thus exhibiting, with exquisite skill, her mastery of laying down the notes on the musical scale. With a special love for Romanian poetry and literature and beyond, Felicia Donceanu dipped her writing pen in ink to give voice to her music and through the power of her own words. Authentically feeling this vein of poetic art, she also stood out with texts dedicated to various choral works of Romanian composers. She wrote scripts for various musical-choreographic performances, or radio dedicated, and with her painting talent she gave life to illustrations in children's books. As for the admiration that Felicia Donceanu gives to the distinguished man of culture, George Călinescu, it is drawn in two directions, holding a profound respect for the originality of the personality and the works of this illustrious representative of Romanian culture and literature, who ravished souls and became a source of inspiration, both for the young students of the Faculty of Letters and for people of culture in general. It is not surprising that Felicia Donceanu found in the creation of the poet George Călinescu a never-ending source of inspiration. In 1964, the cycle Three songs for Til was born, including the lieds: The Steps, The Leaf and The Living Water. It is based on the love poem structured and rendered in three different forms from a poetic and compositional point of view. Felicia Donceanu thought of the three lieds, in a “suite in pre-classical style: gavotte (The Steps), saraband (The Leaf) and courant (The Living Water)... each of them being doubled by meanings close to popular creation... in the first one, the game..., in the second one, the romance (with depressive, chromatic accents) and in the third one, the enchantment” (Constantinescu, 1966, p. 24). The musical interpretation of the poems is not a simple metaphorical game, the musical character of the poems, in general - far from being just an ornament - being part of the act of creation necessary for a fair reception, because it is created in a certain mood and a special tension of tone, and the reader or listener will have to perceive it in the same tension and texture. The quality of the sound, the form and the point of crystallization of the feeling make up an act of creation and not a borrowing, made by the poet or performer, from life. Poetry is the intimate form of creation, the acquired vocal timbre that identifies itself entirely with the musicality of the content.