Letter Symbols Research Articles

Socio-Cultural Approach through Digital Teaching Modules: A Solution to Improve Beginning Reading Skills in Elementary Schools

The low level of early reading skills among primary school students in Indonesia is one of the significant challenges in education. International evaluations such as PISA show that Indonesian students' basic literacy skills are still below average, affecting their overall academic development. One of the contributing factors to these low results is learning that is less relevant to students' socio-cultural context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of a socio-cultural-based digital teaching module on primary school students' beginning reading skills. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a sample of 200 grade 1 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group learned using socio-cultural-based digital teaching modules, while the control group applied conventional learning methods. The instrument used was a beginning reading test with 20 questions that measured the ability to recognize letter symbols, distinguish words based on the same initial letter or syllable, and compose syllables into words. Independent Sample T-Test analyzing an independent sample, ensuring that the ty and homogeneity tests were met. The results revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group showing more significant improvement in all indicators of beginning reading ability. Further discussion showed that the socio-cultural-based approach in this module made learning more relevant, exciting and interactive for students, ultimately improving their reading comprehension and motivation. In addition, integrating digital technology in this module supports flexibility and continuity of learning, allowing students to learn according to their pace and needs. This research has important implications, namely the need for broader implementation of Socio-Cultural Based Digital Teaching Modules in primary schools to improve basic literacy. However, to ensure its successful implementation, adequate technological infrastructure support and teacher training are needed to optimize this digital-based learning in the classroom.

Abreviasi dalam Berita Utama Surat Kabar Harian Singgalang Periode Juli-Desember 2023

This study aims to find and describe the types and processes of forming abbreviations contained in the headlines of the Singgalang newspaper for the period July-December 2023. This study is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive method. The data for this study were randomly selected that met the requirements as abbreviations in the uploads from June 2023 to December 2023. The source of this research data is from the uploads of the Singgalang newspaper on the website www. Harian Singgalang.co.id. The methods and techniques for collecting data in this study are to carry out several stages, first, a literature study is used to obtain references to support the research. Second, data search or observation on the uploads of the Harian Singgalang newspaper. Third, collect all data in table form. The data validation technique for this study is the triangulation technique. Based on the research data found, the results of this study are as follows. First, the data obtained based on the research conducted in the headlines of the Singgalang daily newspaper contains data in the form of types of abbreviations and the process of forming abbreviations. In total, there are 95 data in the Singgalang newspaper which are abbreviations. Based on the type, the abbreviations consist of 59 abbreviation data in the form of abbreviations, 7 abbreviation data in the form of excerpts, 8 abbreviation data in the form of acronyms, 17 abbreviation data in the form of contractions, and 4 data in the form of letter symbols. Furthermore, the process of forming the abbreviations found in the headlines of the Singgalang newspaper for the period July-December 2023 is 95 data. with details, 61 data in the form of letter preservation, 8 data in the form of word preservation, 8 data in the form of letter and number preservation, 14 data in the form of letter and syllable preservation, and 2 data in the form of syllable and word preservation.

Investigation of mathematics teachers teaching practices in transition to algebra in the context of letter symbols

Investigation of mathematics teachers teaching practices in transition to algebra in the context of letter symbols

ICT Media to the Beginning Reading Ability of Children Aged 5-6 Years

This study aims to determine the relationship between ICT-assisted learning and children's early reading skills at the Early Childhood Education Foundation in Generasi Cerdas. Beginning reading ability is the first skill that children must master when they learn to read. Utilization of telecommunication technology as part of it. In this study using descriptive qualitative method, descriptive qualitative research that applies research steps that produce descriptive data in the form of written words. The research subjects in this study were teachers, namely the process of reading development stages of children aged 5-6 years totaling 15 people. Data collection techniques obtained are observation, interviews, and documentation. From the data the results of the study of children's beginning reading ability are divided into 4 indicators that are observed, first mentioning letter symbols, second pronouncing letters, third mentioning letter sounds, and the last is stringing letters into words.

Analysis of Ability to Recognize Letters B and D Ages 5 — 6 Years in Private Kindergarten St. Antonius 2 Medan

The problem in this study is that some children are not able to correctly name letter symbols such as the letter “b” to “d”. This study aims to determine the analysis of children's ability to recognize the letters b and d by writing to the board and mentioning the letters b and d. The study is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of the study were 5 children who knew letters b and d in class B1 in kindergarten St. Antonius 2 Medan. To obtain data using observations and documentation. Data already collected are analyzed, data reduction, as well as data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study at St. Antonius Kindergarten 2 Medan showed that an analysis of the ability to recognize letters b and d was carried out to the respondents with assessment indicators that the researcher had provided through observation methods. Respondents A, B, C and D at the time of the ability to recognize the letters b and d arose awareness of the letters b and d by being marked while learning to the blackboard. Stages of writing the letters b and d on the board, respondents A, B, C, and D were already able to give meaning to the vision on the board letters b and d by using good language.

Strategy for Increasing Early Childhood Literacy Skills at PAUD Ar-Rahman Benteng, Sungain Batang District, Indragiri Ilir Regency, Jambi Province

This research aims to examine the improvement of early childhood literacy skills by using exploratory strategies in early childhood at PAUD Ar-rahman Benteng, Sungai Batang District, Indragiri Ilir Regency, Jambi Province. Increasing early literacy skills referred to in this research is to explain children's abilities in using letters or reading and writing which are mastered before children learn how to read and write. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research because data regarding teacher strategies in introducing early childhood literacy requires a lot of qualitative data. Where the teacher is the implementer of learning while the researcher is the observer. This research is in the odd semester 2023/2024, namely in February. The subjects of this research were Ar-Rahman Benteng PAUD students, consisting of 23 students. The object of research is students' initial literacy abilities. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The data was analyzed using the mile and Huberman data analysis model, namely running or flowing (Flow model analysis). The analysis consisted of data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification/drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the increase in early childhood literacy at Ar Rahman Benteng Preschool is quite good, it can be seen that when in literacy learning activities with movement and songs, children are able to read and write letter symbols that match the songs, children are able to imitate writing letters modeled by the teacher and enthusiastic about literacy activities.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Membaca Permulaan Dengan Menggunakan Kartu Bergambar di Kelompok B TK Santa Thersesia I Pangkalpinang

The low level of early reading skills is the background of why this research was conducted, so this study aims to improve early reading skills through the letter card game method in group B of Theresia I Pangkalpinang Kindergarten. This study used the subject of group B students of Theresia I Kindergarten totaling 18 people. The object of research focuses on improving the ability to read beginning through the method of playing letter cards. The data collection method used checklist observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that there was an increase in early reading skills by 22.2% at the end of cycle I and at the end of cycle II an increase of 49.9%. This improvement in early reading skills can be seen from students being able to read pictures, being able to point and point to the letter symbols requested, being able to read simple words and sound the letters in the word, being able to connect pictures with words, being able to arrange letters into meaningful words and, being able to group vowels and consonants. The implementation steps used to improve students' beginning reading skills are by using group competition games, the teacher provides an explanation of the alphabet, and giving verbal awards and applause to the winning group. Keywords: Language skills, beginning reading, letter card game method

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL HURUF PADA TEMA TANAMAN DI KELOMPOK B TK MARAQITTA’LIMAT TEMBENG PUTIK

This research aims to determine the increase in the ability to recognize letters on the theme of plants in group B of Maraqitta'limat Tembeng Putik Kindergarten by using letter card games. This research is classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Research stages include planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research subjects were group B, totaling 15 children, consisting of 10 boys and 5 girls. Data collection methods through interviews, observation and documentation. The instrument used in this research was an observation sheet on the ability to recognize letters which consisted of four indicators, namely naming letter symbols, matching letter symbols, composing words, and showing letters. Data were analyzed using a percentage formula to determine classical completeness in each cycle. The results of the research show that letter card games can improve children's ability to recognize letters. This increase can be seen from the children's classical completeness in cycle I, namely 60%, then increasing to 86% in cycle II. This is because children are very enthusiastic and motivated in learning. Through playing letter cards, children become more responsive so that their ability to recognize letters increases.

Traditional Medicine Practices Using Arabic Symbols

This research aimed to explore the forms and characteristics of Arabic written symbols used in traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is in demand by the public, because of the perceived high cure rate and the failure of modern treatment that patients have undergone after undergoing medical treatment. Traditional medicine is more convincing than medical treatment. There has not been much research regarding the characteristics and methods of traditional medicine using Arabic symbols/writing. Arabic symbols or writing have been researched more in terms of meaning and ritual. Hence, this research utilized data source triangulation and technical triangulation. This qualitative research adopted a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were traditional medicine practitioners who used Arabic symbols/writing in their treatments and patients who had used traditional medicine. Determining the subjects of this research was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The research results showed that prayers originating from the Qur'an and rajah with Arabic letter symbols were the therapist's mainstay medicine for treating patients. The use of prayers and rajahs with Arabic letter symbols varied from one therapist to another. Rajah in traditional medicine was used to treat various kinds of patient complaints. The rajah writing came from the books of Shams al Ma'arif al Kubra and Al Mujarrabat. Rajah came from verses from the Qur'an which were rewritten in the book of medicine. Proper interpretation and use of the Qur'an could provide effective improvements to a person's weak mental and psychological condition.

Development of an augmented Damerau–Levenshtein method for correcting spelling errors in Kazakh texts

The presented paper is devoted to the development of a method for identifying and correcting spelling errors in Kazakh texts. In this paper, the study object is methods for more accurate correction of spelling errors in Kazakh texts. The aim of the study is to develop an augmented version of the Damerau-Levenshtein method for correcting spelling errors in Kazakh language texts. Automatic detection and correction of spelling errors have become a default feature in modern text editors for working with text data, in text messaging applications such as chatbots, messengers, etc. However, although this task is well solved in geographically widespread languages, it has not been fully solved in languages with a small audience, such as the Kazakh language. The methods developed so far cannot correct all spelling errors found in Kazakh texts. Therefore, the development of a method with specific algorithms for spelling error correction in Kazakh texts is considered. As a result of the research work, algorithms for correcting errors found in Kazakh language texts were developed, and the developed algorithms were included in the Damerau-Levenshtein method. The experimental testing results of the augmented Damerau- Levenshtein method showed 97.2 % accuracy in correcting specific errors found only in Kazakh words and 92.8 % accuracy in correcting common errors from letter symbols. The standard Damerau-Levenshtein method testing results showed 76.4 % accuracy in correcting specific errors found only in Kazakh words. The results of the tests in correcting common errors from letter symbols with the standard Damerau-Levenshtein were approximately the same with the augmented Damerau-Levenshtein method, the accuracy is 92.2 %. The extent and conditions of practical application of the results are implemented by including them in text editors, messengers, e-mails and similar applications that work with text data.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL HURUF MELALUI KEGIATAN JEMUR HURUF KELOMPOK B TK KARYA BANRI KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

Problem in this research ability language, especially the ability to master letters has not yet developed compared to other capabilities. Children look difficult at times name the letter symbols. So that tesearchers provide a solution by carrying out letter drying activities in the hope that it will make it easier for children to master language, especially the ability to recognize letters. The purpose of this research is to find out how the application of letter drying activities can improve the ability to recognize letters in group B children at Karya Banri kindergarten, Bulukumba Regency.this research is a class action research with quantitative descriptive data analysis and data collection techniques through observation an documentation. The subject of this research is group B kindergaerden of Karya Banri Bulukumba regency totalling 20 children. The results of the study showed that in the first cysle as a whole only reached 62,9% which met the sufficient criteria. While the re-doing of research in the second cycle as a whole has reached 75,5% and has met the good criteria and is at the level of ability to develop according to expectations.

Slang Abbreviation in Japanese and Indonesian Written Language: Origins, Process, Similarities, and Differences

Slang is one of the language styles used by young people, which is called Wakamono Kotoba in Japanese and Bahasa Gaul in Indonesian. One similar characteristic in wakamono kotoba (Japanese slang) and Bahasa Gaul (Indonesian’s slang) is the abbreviation. This research aims to compare Japanese and Indonesian slang abbreviations by explaining their origins, processes, differences, and similarities. This study was collected based on written language from Pergikuliner and Taberogu sites from March until April 2023, each taking a maximum of 50 reviews per restaurant. The review was gathered from 10 restaurants each from Indonesian and Japanese sites, meaning there are 500 data from each site and 1000 reviews from both websites. Then, the author conducted the research by analyzing the abbreviation process with similarities and differences between the two languages. The results show 398 data on slang abbreviations in wakamono kotoba and 244 data on slang abbreviations in bahasa gaul. The abbreviation process in the Japanese language mainly happens with the abbreviation of sentences or phrases, following that is an abbreviation at the end of the word, the abbreviation of two or more moras, omissions at the end of each term, the abbreviation of three words in a sentence or phrases, and abbreviations formed from initial letters of each word. On the other hand, the abbreviation process in the Indonesian language mainly happens as an omission of the word’s part, followed by shortened words from a combination of letters, acronyms of letters, combining from two separate forms, and abbreviation as letter symbols. The similarity between the two languages is used identical types of abbreviations (acronyms and toujigo), have the abbreviation process from another language, and have the same pattern in the abbreviation of the end of words. While the differences are from letters or syllables, the objects that went through the abbreviation process, changed in form in the Japanese source and tended to use foreign languages in the Indonesian source.

Various Word Shorts in the Podcast of Political Figures Sandiaga Uno: Corpus-Based Analysis

This study aims to examine the use of abbreviation in the political figure Sandiaga Uno's podcast. This research will also bring up the use of corpus linguistics which is very effective in research in the field of linguistics, especially abbreviation or shortening of words. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The advanced method which is the main approach of this research is the corpus linguistic method. Corpus linguistics can be interpreted as research that relies on linguistic data analysis using digital technology. The data in this study were collected using documentation techniques and utilizing the KORTARA (Korpus Nusantara) application which originates from the Wawancara Tokoh Indonesia corpus. Research data in this study will be analyzed using the KORTARA application. Analysis using the KORTARA application can be referred to as computational linguistics, because it utilizes corpus linguistics applications. The work steps of this computational linguistic analysis start from identifying data, classifying data, interpreting data, and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study reveal that the use of abbreviations in the video podcast of political figure Sandiaga Uno can be in the form of abbreviations, acronyms, and fragments. This research reveals that the most dominant type of abbreviation used in the podcast is fragment. The results of the data analysis also revealed that there were no types of abbreviations for letter symbols and contractions, this was based on the theme or discussion in the video which was not too focused on economic issues, but politics. The findings of abbreviation data in this study also reveal that the use of abbreviated or abbreviated language will continue to be used by political figures, in order to build better and more familiar communication with their interlocutors.

Komparasi Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Anak Melalui Media Pembelajaran Montase

Beginning reading ability is the basis for further and fluent children's reading ability. Through observations conducted by researchers at PAS Ar-Rohim Kindergarten, researchers found that there were some children who still had initial reading abilities that were not in line with expectations, including 10 out of 13 children who still had difficulty recognizing letter symbols from A-Z, distinguishing words that had the same initial letter, and arranging letters to form a word. This study aims to find out whether there are differences in children's beginning reading abilities through montage learning media in group A of TK PAS Ar-Rohim Bancang Sambit Ponorogo. This study used a quantitative method of the pre-experimental type and the One Group Pretest Posttest design. Data collection was carried out through observation and tests. The research object came from the students of PAS Ar-Rohim Kindergarten selected by saturated sampling technique. The research data were then analyzed using the paired sample t-test and drawing conclusions. Data analysis in this study was processed and visualized with the help of SPSS 23. Based on the results of data analysis it was found that (1) in the experiments that had been carried out there were differences in children's initial reading ability before and after the montage activity was given. The children's initial reading ability before being given treatment obtained the pretest results with an average score of 19.6923 and after being given the treatment the results of the posttest were 30.5385. The difference between before and after the treatment was given was 10.84615. On the results of the paired sample t-test, the sig.(2-tailed) result is 0.00 <0.005, which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted

Penerapan Pembelajaran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) pada Ekstrakurikuler Komputer di TK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta

The development of technology has touched aspects of education, including early childhood. Learning using computer devices, which is usually introduced at elementary school level, can already be done in early childhood
 This research aims to describe the application of learning using Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the form of computer devices in early childhood. The subjects in this research were the school principal, computer extracurricular teacher and students at TK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative while data collection uses interviews, observation and documentation studies. Based on research, the results showed that ICT learning at TK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta was included in the extracurricular activity program using computer devices and application-based educational games . The extracurricular teacher coordinates with the class teacher to adjust the type of activity to the theme, learning objectives and level of difficulty according to the student's age group. The material provided includes an introduction to hardware, an introduction to geometric shapes, colors, an introduction to letter and number symbols through games. The methods used in computer learning are demonstration methods, direct practice and games. Through computer learning, it is easier for teachers to convey teaching material and students are more interested in the learning being carried out.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Big Book terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I Sekolah Dasar Negeri 75 Pontianak Barat

Beginning reading is the initial stage for students to recognize letter symbols in a simple scope. The use of appropriate media in learning can raise enthusiasm in learning to read early. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the effect of using big book media on the initial reading skills of grade I students at State Elementary School 75 West Pontianak. The method used in this study is an experimental method with the form of Experimental Quasy. The number of samples in this study was 60 students from 91 students selected using purposive sampling.techniques. In collecting research data using measurement techniques and data collection tools in research is a test in the form of a preliminary.reading.test. The data analysis used is using the mean and t-test. The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) There is an influence on students' initial reading skills after being taught using big book media in grade I students of State Elementary School 75 West Pontianak; (2) There was a significant difference between the use of big.book media on.students'.initial reading skills in experimental and control classes.

DEVELOPING LANGUAGE ASPECTS IN MENTIONING LETTER SYMBOLS IN GROUP B OF NURUTTAQWA KINDERGARTEN BANJARMASIN

This research was motivated by the lack of development of children's ability to mention letter symbols caused by the media used by teachers in the learning process to recognize letters that did not attract children's hearts, thus making children less enthusiastic and not eager to participate in learning activities. The purpose of this study is to improve and improve the quality of the learning process of group B in Nuruttaqwa Kindergarten Banjarmasin. This research approach uses qualitative and quantitative approaches with the type of classroom action research (PTK) held 4 meetings. Techniques for collecting observations of teacher activities, observation of children's activities, children's learning outcomes, language skills. The results showed that teacher activity increased with a score of 25 criteria "Very Good" at meeting 4. Children's activity at each meeting increased with a percentage of 84.62% of the criteria being very active at meeting 4. Children's language development with a percentage of 92.31% or 30 children successfully developed at meeting 4.

Meningkatkan Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Melalui Metode Bercerita Dengan Media Audio Visual Di Kelas A RA Nurul Ilmi Samboja

The aim of the research was to find out how to improve language development by storytelling using audio-visual media and the use of audio-visual media to improve language development through storytelling in Class A Nurul Ilmi, Samboja District. This type of research is class action which is carried out in two cycles, each cycle is carried out with the stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. The results of the study: aspects of receiving language before being given action 54%. Then in the first cycle there was an increase of about 77%, in the second cycle there was an increase of 85%. In the final stage: children can understand simple commands by 92%, can repeat more complex sentences by 100%, can mention some adjectives by 92%, can answer more complex questions by 92%, can tell causal events by 77 %, can name objects around 92%, can say letter symbols by 77%, knows initial syllables by 85%, can read own name by 85%, can connect pictures of objects with words by 100%, knows symbols can write letters by 92%, understanding between sounds and shapes by 85%, being able to write own name by 92%, being able to draw freely by 100%.

PENGARUH METODE SINTESA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MEMBACA ANAK USIA DINI DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK

The development of interest and reading habits should start as early as possible, but children's understanding of letter symbols is still low and they are not able to connect simple writing with the symbols that symbolize it, children are not yet able to connect syllables into a word. because children's curiosity about reading is very lacking, the lack of use of reading methods used by teachers at school so that learning to read is not optimal. This type of research is quantitative using quasi-experimental methods (quashi experiment). The results of the study are 1) the synthesis method influences the development of children's reading skills. 2) By using the synthesis method, it is easier for children to understand the recognition of letters and writing in developing reading skills, 3) The use of the synthesis method in learning activities can develop children's reading skills in recognizing letters and recognizing writing. The synthesis method has an effect on children's reading development and has a positive impact and there are improvements in the learning process, for this reason teachers need to use positive contributing methods and support successful learning.

Korean toponyms in the Polish language: sources of transposition, transcripyion systems, and phonic assimilation strategies

The intensively developing Polish-Korean contacts and direct access to the knowledge of South Korea as one of the major East Asian countries obtained from Internet and media coverage have resulted in Korean toponyms being assimilated in the Polish language to an increasing extent. However, they are adapted in a number of ways, being mediated through two main systems of Latinising the Korean language, i.e. the McCune-Reischauer transcription and the modified MOE transcription, which is officially propagated by Korean authorities. This leads to a certain competition between the two systems, which are, moreover, often used in the situation of not only lack of command of the source language itself, but also ignorance of the conventional rules of the Latin transcription of Korean geographical names, which are different in both transcriptions. Moreover, toponyms must be assimilated based on various compromises between the phonological system of the source language and the system of the receiving language. Such a helpful compromise might be an additionally used Polonised transcription in the resource of letter symbols, but this requires substantial adjustments and additions as well as unavoidable concessions to make it easier for Polish recipients to decipher texts about Korea. From the perspective of historical standardisation of some characteristic Korean toponyms in Polish publications, various transcription tools, methods of their assimilation and adaptations, as well as the obvious cognitive barriers might become definitely more pronounced and informative for both text authors and recipients