Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Individuals Research Articles

Pressures on Chinas LGBT Community and the Role of the Media in Safeguarding the Rights of This Group

Due to the different historical developments, there are significant differences between China and the West regarding culture and values. As a group that has always been sensitive, there is also a pronounced difference between how the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) group is treated in Chinese society and Western society. These differences include the aspects of social acceptance of the LGBT community, legal protections, as well as the pressures that they face from the family, workplace, and other levels. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the status and treatment of the LGBT community in Chinese and Western societies, with a particular focus on the experiences of LGBT individuals in China. The study will investigate the challenges and discrimination faced by the LGBT community in China, including legal and social barriers to equality and inclusion. Additionally, the research will examine the ways in which LGBT individuals and activists in China are utilizing new media platforms to advocate for their rights and reduce stigma. Based on the findings, the study will propose recommendations for improving the social and legal protection of LGBT individuals in China, as well as strategies for increasing the visibility and representation of the LGBT community through media outreach and public education.

The impact of an educational program based on the reproductive health of LGBT individuals developed for nursing students to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of students: A quasi-experimental study

AimThis study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational program developed for nursing students to evaluate their knowledge of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, their reproductive health and recording their reproductive history. The program aimed to assess the effective communication skills and attitudes of nursing students toward LGBT individuals after completion of the program. BackgroundIssues related to the reproductive health of LGBT individuals are not adequately addressed in the nursing curriculum. Innovative approaches using active learning methods will increase the knowledge and skills of the students regarding LGBT reproductive health and help them gain positive attitudes toward LGBT individuals. DesignA quasi-experimental (single group pretest-posttest) design. MethodsThis study was conducted with 48 students in the 4th year in the Spring semester of the Academic year 2020–2021 at the Faculty of Nursing in a university. The eight-week education program included a discussion of modules developed for the reproductive health of LGBT individuals, film display and analysis, sample video display and analysis, role-play activities and standardized patient interviews. The research data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, Information Evaluation Test for LGBT Individuals, Attitude Scale Toward LGBTI Individuals, Reproductive Health History Taking Skills Checklist, Effective Communication Skills Evaluation Form and Student Satisfaction Evaluation Form. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage distributions and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. ResultsThe study identified a significant increase in the median students' knowledge about LGBT individuals (p < 0.001), a substantial positive development in their attitudes toward LGBT individuals (p < 0.001) and a significant increase in the median scores of effective communication with LGBT individuals and recording the reproductive health history (p < 0.001) at the end of the education program. ConclusionThe education program resulted in positive knowledge, attitude and skill changes in the nursing students supporting the reproductive health of LGBT individuals. Education programs based on LGBT reproductive health using active learning methods should be integrated into undergraduate nursing curricula to combat disparities toward LGBT individuals.

Examining Associations Between Discrimination, Social Cohesion, and Health among White LGBT versus POC LGBT Chicagoans

Consistent with the minority stress perspective, lesbian/gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals on average report worse health than heterosexual individuals in several domains, for example, general health, mental health, physical health, and healthcare access. Intersectionality‐based research shows that LGBT people of color (POC) are, on average, at even greater risk for adverse health outcomes. Discrimination and social cohesion may be two mechanisms underlying these between‐ and within‐group disparities, given that both constructs are frequently reported within marginalized populations, and that both broadly relate to health. This study used data from the Chicago Department of Public Health to examine broad health differences between White LGBT and LGBT POC, and to test specific models in which social cohesion mediated links between discrimination and health. LGBT POC reported experiencing worse general health, lower access to health care, more experiences of discrimination, and lower feelings of social cohesion than did White LGBT individuals. No mediation effects emerged; however, there was a direct effect of experiencing discrimination on mental health distress. Discrimination exposure inversely related to the feelings of social cohesion.

Does sexual identity and religious practice have implications for individual’s subjective health and wellbeing? Secondary data analysis of the Community Life Survey

ABSTRACT The health and wellbeing of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) individual's has gained attention in recent years, particularly the unique stressors associated with health. Few studies have explored implications of sexual identity and religious status on mental health and wellbeing. A secondary data analysis was performed on the Community Life Survey. A multivariate interaction was found between age, religious practice and sexual identity when considering wellbeing. An ANOVA of wellbeing scores revealed a significant difference between sexual identity groups, LGBT group scoring lowest, with a significant interaction between religion and sexual identity. General health generated a significant difference between groups for religious practice. Understanding and challenging cultural norms in service settings is key for policy and practice. LGBT individuals' are at greater risk of lower wellbeing and increase dissatisfaction.

Attitudes of nursing students towards LGBT individuals and the affecting factors.

To determine the attitudes of nursing students towards LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) individuals and the affecting factors. The universe of the research consisted of 500 students. The data collection tools used were "Demographic Data Form" and "Attitude towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG)." Students' attitudes towards LGBT individuals are at a medium level. Male participants had more negative attitudes towards LGBT individuals. Nurses should provide services within the framework of professional values. In this context, vulnerable groups should be handled carefully. Awareness should be created among nurses.

Suicidality, self-efficacy and mental health help-seeking in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender adults in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to investigate the associations of suicide risk, self-efficacy and mental health help-seeking among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT). The LGBT individuals were found to have higher risk of suicide. However, mental health promotion and suicide prevention strategies were lacking in this population. A cross-sectional survey with two-group comparison. The LGBT group was recruited through snowballing method, which was then age-matched with the comparison group as the reference. The questionnaire contained demographics, self-rated health, suicide risk assessment and help-seeking indicators including formal (e.g. medical or psychiatric services) and informal (e.g. family or friends) help sought. Chi-square tests, t-tests, two-way ANOVA and multivariable regression were performed to test the differences between two groups. The methods followed STROBE criteria. The LGBT group had a significantly higher prevalence of lifetime/recent suicide ideation, prior suicide attempts and mental distress or depressive symptoms. Their self-rated health and health-related self-efficacy were poorer than those of the comparison group and were associated with increased suicide risk levels. Among the 27.1% of LGBT who intended to seek help for depression, one in five visited psychiatric services. The LGBT were 2-4 times more likely than the comparison group to disclose their distress or seek informal help. However, psychiatric and medical service contacts were relatively low for suicide high-risk individuals in the LGBT group. The LGBT individuals had a lower level of self-efficacy and higher suicidal risks than the general public. Healthcare professionals and the public should be aware of their informal help-seeking signals such as disclosure of suicide ideation to friends/relatives and connect them to proper mental health resources for further assessment. The LGBT with suicide risks require early detection and proper referrals by first-line nurses to promote suicide prevention in this population.

Understanding LGBT individuals' employment environment in Taiwan: a relational framework perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the aspects of workplace environment and the experiences of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) employees in an Asian context; a subject that has hitherto been somewhat neglected. It responds to a call for more contextual research in the field of employment diversity in organizational management in general.Design/methodology/approachThis is a mixed method study, which utilizes multiple sources of primary and secondary data and consists of in-depth personal interviews, a survey of LGBT employees, published data (including legislation and state policies), reports issued by social and media organizations, documentary evidence from Taiwanese companies and insights drawn from the existing literature.FindingsIt was found that there is an interplay between the macro, meso and micro levels in the multilevel relational framework applied to diversity of employment in Taiwan. Macrolevel factors, such as supportive legislation, mass media and social tolerance toward LGBT community positively affect mesolevel factors, such as stable and secure social networks among the LGBT community in the form of legal and social organizations (NGOs, social media, bars, restaurants, etc.) as well as many companies inclusion of sexual orientation in their definitions of diversity. However, this is opposed by macrolevel, cultural values related to family structure and intergenerational relationships that inhibit pro-active integration and equality of LGBT individuals at the meso organizational level. Companies headed by older-generation leadership can be slow to advocate, support and promote sexual-orientation diversity in their workplaces. In contrast, microlevel data shows that LGBT employees receive robust psychological support from their peer group, friends and the LGBT community, although gaining acceptance by family and coworkers remains a challenge.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies need to focus on the dynamics of the meso- and microlevel factors by investigating how organizational structure, perspectives of leaders and HR managers, diversity management practices and attitudes and behaviors of LGBT employees and other coworkers affect development and integration of sexual-orientation diversity programs within organizations.Practical implicationsManagers, policy makers in organization as well as educators benefit from the context-sensitive findings and recommendations offered in this paper.Social implicationsUnderstanding of LGBT individuals employment environment helps to facilitate or hinder the positive development of equal society and benefit both LGBT employees, their coworkers and managers.Originality/valueLimited research exists on the LGBT employees experiences at work in Asia. This study makes unique contribution to the understanding of sexual orientation category of diversity at work in Taiwan context.

Mental health challenges of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people: An integrated literature review.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are often stigmatised and discriminated against. This population is expected to experience poorer mental health outcomes compared with heterosexual and cis-gendered people, a phenomenon healthcare providers need to take note of and act upon. This study aimed to explore and describe the mental health challenges of LGBT people. An integrative literature search was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, Business Source Premier, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), E-Journals, ERIC, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Humanities Source, MasterFILE Premier, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Social Work s, TOC Premier, WorldCat.org, Taylor and Francis Journals, Biomed Central and Wiley Online Library. An internet search was also carried out using Google and Google Scholar databases. The following search terms were identified: ‘LGBT’ OR ‘LGBT community’ AND ‘mental health challenges/problems’ OR ‘mental/psychiatric illness’. The reviewed literature comprised research conducted globally between 2010 and 2019. From the 2545 titles, 345 abstracts were examined, resulting in 57 articles. The 57 full-text articles were examined to verify whether they addressed the scope of the literature review, of them, 21 addressed the mental health challenges of LGBT people. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people experience the following mental health challenges: emotional distress, stigmatisation, victimisation, discrimination and barriers to accessing healthcare services. The results showed that although LGBT has been legalised in many countries, LGBT communities still experience significant mental health challenges. Healthcare providers are in a position to address challenges related to social and healthcare structures and act as advocates in order to promote the mental health of LGBT individuals.

The influence of minority stress on indicators of suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender adults in Thailand.

INTRODUCTION: A large and rigorous body of research in the United States has demonstrated that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations are at an elevated risk for suicide. However, scant research aimed at understanding the rates and predictors for suicidality among Thai LGBT individuals exists. To examine rates and predictors of suicidality among Thai LGBT adults (N=411). Data collection was conducted via online and in-person surveys. Guided by the Minority Stress Model, standardized measures of demographics, health-related factors, general and minority-specific stressors and suicidality were completed. Thirty-nine per cent of participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation, 19.0% past 12-month suicidal ideation and 13.1% lifetime suicide attempts. Lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with higher levels of social discrimination, stress, loneliness and chronic disease (OR=1.12, 1.16, 2.75, and 1.46, p ≤ .05, R2 = 0.327). Past-year suicidal ideation was associated with victimization, stress, loneliness and being a former smoker (OR=1.52, 1.20, 2.34, and 4.89, p<.05, R2 =0.345). Suicide attempts were associated with internalized homophobia, poverty, chronic disease, alcohol use and physical health (OR=1.44, 1.06, 1.59, 1.45 and 0.95, p≤0.05, R2 =0.187). General and minority-specific stressors negatively impacted suicidality among LGBT participants. Study findings have implications for nursing education, practice and research. Nursing education should include information about the influence of sexual orientation and gender identity on mental health outcomes. Further, systematic screening for suicidality should be conducted by LGBT serving psychiatric and mental health nurses. Finally, research is needed to determine best practices for interventions aimed at reducing suicidality risk among LGBT individuals.

Experiences of individuals with various sexual orientations with healthcare professionals

Introduction: Individuals may belong to different sexual minorities. Such a personal circumstance should not influence the quality of healthcare. Yet, many face discrimination due to their sexual orientation, while the healthcare system is typically heteronormative. The objective of this integrative review was to provide a synthesis of research evidence on the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals with healthcare professionals.Methods: An integrative literature review was employed, and codes and categories were identified. A literature search was performed in the databases Springer Link, SAGE, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite and MEDLINE. The key words used were: "experiences", "healthcare", "gay patient experiences", "gay", "lesbian", "homosexual", "bisexual" and "transgender". Primary sources were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was conducted with an open coding of the results of selected sources. Results: A total of 6,839 studies were screened from June to August 2018 and 14 (published between 2009 and 2017) were selected for the final analysis. The results yielded 41 codes, combined into two categories termed: 'Positive experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals' and 'Negative experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals'.Discussion and conclusion: The experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals are ambivalent. Although positive experiences prevail, negative ones should not be overlooked as they are derived from heteronormativity and sometimes even prejudice and homophobia. Healthcare professionals need cultural competences which reflect the developments in a society and the needs of its individuals.

Planning to move into a nursing home in old age: does sexual orientation matter?

Qualitative studies showed that community-dwelling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) individuals perceive that LGBT individuals are discriminated against in nursing homes (NHs) due to their sexual orientation. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative, population-based study was to investigate the link between sexual orientation and planning to move into a NH in old age. Cross-sectional data from the most recent sixth wave of the nationally representative German Ageing Survey (n = 4,645) were used. The sexual orientation was dichotomized (heterosexual; sexual minorities including gay/lesbian, bisexual and other). Planning to move into a NH in the future (yes/no) was our outcome measure. Multiple logistic regressions were performed (adjusting for various socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related covariates). Regressions showed that sexual orientation was not significantly associated with plans to move to a NH. Preference to move into NH were consistently positively associated with age (OR: 1.04 (1.02-1.07), not having at least one child (OR: 2.17 (1.41-3.36)), high education (OR: 3.82 (1.32-11.11)), greater loneliness (OR: 1.44 (1.05-1.96)) and worse physical functioning (OR: 0.99 (0.98-1.00)). Unexpectedly, our results showed that plans to move to a NH did not differ significantly between heterosexual individuals and sexual minorities. This indicates that sexual orientation does not play a significant role in shaping preferences around moving into a NH 'in general'. In contrast, other factors like age, greater loneliness and worse physical functioning were important. Those factors should be taken into account when shaping and updating policies on nursing homes.

Sexual and gender minority sleep: A narrative review and suggestions for future research.

This article reviews a growing body of research that examines sleep among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations. An extensive search of the literature was conducted using multiple medical and psychological search engine platforms. In total, this search yielded 31 reports that included sleep data collected from sexual and gender minority participants. Overall, research findings are mixed and include several publications of studies conducted in the same sample. Our review suggests that sleep health among LGBT individuals may be an unmet health need. Critically, sleep disturbances affected LGBT subgroups differently based on sex/gender and diverse sexual orientations (e.g., bisexual women). Although not directly tested, evidence from parallel LGBT health research suggests that minority stress may contribute to these observed sleep disparities and will need to be directly assessed in future studies. In sum, continued investigation of sleep disparities among sexual and gender minority communities is needed, as is the inclusion of sleep health in theoretical models of LGBT health disparities. Given the importance of sleep in overall mental and physical health, addressing sleep health may serve to promote and protect healthy functioning among LGBT individuals.

Health status, health behaviours and healthcare access of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations in Turkey.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience many barriers to healthcare access and health disparities because of societal stigma, discrimination and homophobia by the community and healthcare providers. Therefore, this sexual minority group poses a risk for poor health status. To determine the health status, health behaviours and healthcare access among LGBT individuals in Turkey. The study was conducted on 140 self-identified LGBT individuals in Turkey between 11 April and 15 July 2016 as a descriptive, electronical survey design. Data were collected by questionnaire form, developed based on the researchers' review of the literature. The results of this study revealed that 65% of LGBT participants self-reported that their mental health status was 'poor/fair' while 69% of participants reported that their physical health was 'good/excellent'. Most of them had smoking (60%), using alcohol (76.3%) and did unprotected sex (55.3%) and reported disclosing their LGBT status to the healthcare provider (90.6%); 48.6% of participants thought that disclosing their LGBT status would affect their treatment. Barriers to healthcare access included disclosing LGBT status, societal stigma, negative attitude of healthcare provider, dissatisfaction with healthcare, and lack of health insurance and financial resources. These results can assist healthcare providers, especially nurses as critical members of this group, to serve LGBT individuals satisfactorily. Besides, it is expected that these results will shed light on new research.

Evidence of interventions for improving healthcare access for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in South Africa: A scoping review.

BackgroundThe lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations have unique health risks including an increased risk of mental health problems, high usage of recreational drugs and alcohol, and high rates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Healthcare workers’ heteronormative attitudes compromise the quality of care to the LGBT population.AimThe objective of this study was to provide an overview of documented evidence on South Africa interventions aimed at improving healthcare access for LGBT individuals using a systematic scoping review.SettingThis is a secondary literature review.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted using the following databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Google Scholar. and full article data were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers. Data extracted from the eligible studies were analysed using thematic analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, version 2011.ResultsSeventeen articles of the initial 151 hits were selected for review and an additional five files were identified through bibliographical search. Most studies had small sample sizes and focused on sexual health, targeting gay men and men who have sex with men in urban areas. Lesbians and bisexual women were not prioritised.DiscussionIt emerged from the review that LGBT issues were not covered in the healthcare worker curriculum. Further it was noted that there is a paucity of data on the South African LGBT population, as sexual orientation does not form part of the routine data set. The findings of this review indicate gaps in the literature, practice guidelines and policies in LGBT healthcare in South Africa.

‘Neither invisible nor abnormal!’ Exploring the invisibility and pathologisation of LGBT people in the Greek National Health System

This article presents findings from a research study aiming at exploring in-depth experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and communities in the Greek healthcare system. This was the first study of its kind in Greece. Data collected from interviews with LGBT groups and individuals, as well as doctors, suggest that homophobia and transphobia are profound factors of systematic exclusion and restriction from access to good quality healthcare. Our findings suggest that within the healthcare context, LGBT people are routinely invisibilised and/or pathologised. The authors emphasise the urgent need for challenging chronic and institutionalised invisibility experienced by LGBT people as a necessary precondition of social equality and genuine universalism within the Greek Health System.

Can conscientious objection lead to eugenic practices against LGBT individuals?

In a recent article in this journal, Abram Brummett argues that new and future assisted reproductive technologies will provide challenging ethical questions relating to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons. Brummett notes that it is likely that some clinicians may wish to conscientiously object to offering assisted reproductive technologies to LGBT couples on moral or religious grounds, and argues that such appeals to conscience should be constrained. We argue that Brummett's case is unsuccessful because he: does not adequately interact with his opponents' views; equivocates on the meaning of 'natural'; fails to show that the practice he opposes is eugenic in any non-trivial sense; and fails to justify and explicate the relevance of the naturalism he proposes. We do not argue that conscience protections should exist for those objecting to providing LGBT people with artificial reproductive technologies, but only show that Brummett's arguments are insufficient to prove that they should not.

Provider and LGBT Individuals' Perspectives on LGBT Issues in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review.

Discrimination toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population has raised concerns about the type of long-term services and supports (LTSS) that will be available to them as they age. To understand the unique needs of aging LGBT populations, we sought to synthesize and critique the evidence related to LTSS providers and LGBT individuals' perspectives of LGBT issues in LTSS in the United States. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used to appraise the quality of the included studies. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. Seven studies that examined the perspectives of LTSS providers identified two themes, including that they lack knowledge and training on LGBT health issues and generally report negative attitudes toward same-sex relations among older adults. In addition, 12 studies that examined the perspectives of LGBT individuals found that they (i) are concerned about LTSS planning, (ii) fear discrimination from providers in LTSS, and (iii) identify several strategies for improving care of LGBT older adults receiving LTSS. This systematic review highlights the importance for LTSS providers to receive training in LGBT health and be reflective of potential biases toward the LGBT population. LGBT individuals identified concerns related to LTSS planning and fear of discrimination from LTSS providers. LGBT individuals also identified a need for increased training of providers to improve the care of LGBT older adults in LTSS.

Revolutionary Homophobia: Explaining State Repression against Sexual Minorities

AbstractWhy do unthreatening social groups become targets of state repression? Repression of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is especially puzzling since sexual minorities, unlike many ethnic minorities, pose no credible violent challenge to the state. This article contends that revolutionary governments are disproportionately oppressive toward sexual minorities for strategic and ideological reasons. Since revolutions create domestic instability, revolutionaries face unique strategic incentives to target ‘unreliable’ groups and to demonstrate an ability to selectively punish potential dissidents by identifying and punishing ‘invisible’ groups. Moreover, revolutionary governments are frequently helmed by elites with exclusionary ideologies – such as communism, fascism and Islamism – which represent collectivities rather than individuals. Elites adhering to these views are thus likely to perceive sexual minorities as liberal, individualistic threats to their collectivist projects. Statistical analysis using original data on homophobic repression demonstrates that revolutionary governments are more likely to target LGBT individuals, and that this effect is driven by exclusionary ideologues. Case study evidence from Cuba further indicates that the posited strategic and ideological mechanisms mediate the relationship between revolutionary government and homophobic repression.

The Personal Experience of LGBT Patients with Cancer.

To capture the perspectives from lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals diagnosed treated for cancer. Four LGBT individuals diagnosed and treated for cancer. Care for the LGBT patient is based on sensitivity and awareness to LGBT issues and concerns. Nurses caring for the LGBT cancer patient provide that care in a context of awareness and sensitivity. The nurse's approach to LGBT patient and family care is based on open communication, establishing trusting relationships and honoring the patient's preferences. Excellent oncology nursing care for LGBT patients is excellent oncology nursing care.

Segregation, exclusion and LGBT people in disaster impacted areas: experiences from the Higashinihon Dai-Shinsai (Great East-Japan Disaster)

The Great East-Japan Disaster, which began with the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011, prompted discussions throughout the Japanese lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community on the vulnerabilities that LGBT people face during disaster because of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. This short essay shares some of the post-disaster experiences, challenges and discussions of the LGBT community in Japan. Reports coming out of the LGBT community have stressed that pre-disaster discrimination and fears of discrimination and repression among LGBT people have hampered their recovery. There is a real fear of being discriminated against and having their family and friends discriminated against. This situation has led to the isolation and vulnerability of LGBT individuals. Despite the majority being reluctant to come out publically, the disaster forced numerous individuals to reveal their gender identity, particularly when confronted with life in shelters, the lack of supply of medication and so on. In turn, this has resulted in instances of discrimination and bullying. These accounts reveal that the main aims of disaster policies and disaster ethics – based on addressing the greatest good of the majority – largely fail to cater for LGBT people, who are not only victims of the disaster but can also be valuable contributors in the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) process.