Lepidoptera Tortricidae Research Articles

PHTHEOCHROA APENNINANA, EPINOTIA CINEREANA AND CYDIA INDIVISA NOT YET LISTED IN THE ITALIAN FAUNA, CNEPHASIA KENNELI NEW TO EUROPE (LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE)

In the paper are reported few notes on four Lepidoptera Tortricidae, Phtheochroa apenninana, Epinotia cinereana and Cydia indivisa not yet listed in the Italian fauna, and Cnephasia kenneli new also to Europe. P. apenninana was collected on Gran Sasso, Abruzzo; E. cinereana and C. indivisa were collected in South Tyrol; C. kenneli was found along the Adriatic coast of central Italy. This last species was previously cited for Jordan, Asia Minor, Syria?, Kuldscha?, and Iran. Key Words: Lepidoptera Tortricidae, new records, Italian and European fauna

LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE FROM THE SILA MASSIF AND SURROUNDING TERRITORY (SOUTHERN ITALY) WITH DESCRIPTION OF ACLERIS SILANA SP. N.

In the paper 89 species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in the Sila Massif and surrounding territory (Calabria, southern Italy) are listed. Acleris silana sp. n. Trematerra is described and 17 species were added to the Calabrian fauna. Notes related to tortricid fauna of the region with biogeographic study and chorological analysis are also reported. Key Words: Lepidoptera Tortricidae, fauna, Calabria, new data, Sila Massif, southern Italy

PLATYNOTA STULTANA WALSINGHAM, 1884 (LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE) FOUND IN ITALY, INVASIVE PEST IN EUROPE

Notes on the presence of the Omnivorous Leafroller, Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera Tortricidae), in Italy and its presence and interception in other European countries are reported. Geographical distributions and principal morphological and biological characters are illustrated. Considering the wide host range of P. stultana, this pest has the potential to damage many cultivated and wild plants in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) region. Its interception in England, the Netherlands, and Germany and its introduction into Spain and Italy clearly demonstrates that it has the potential to enter and establish itself in the Southern and Mediterranean parts of Europe. Key Words: Platynota stultana, Lepidoptera Tortricidae, Italy, Europe, pest risk.

New taxa for the Italian Lepidoptera Tortricidae fauna

The paper reports 19 species to be added to the list of Lepidoptera Tortricidae of the Italian fauna. The new data come from entomologists living in Central and Eastern Europe and from the webpage of “https://lepiforum.org”.

FAUNISTIC NOTES ON FEW TORTRICID MOTHS FROM CENTRAL ASIA AND RUSSIAN FAR EAST (LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE)

Trematerra P., Li H.H. – Faunistic notes on few tortricid moths from Central Asia and Russian Far East (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). In the paper are reported some species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in Central Asia and Russian Far East territories. Distribution of these species are described; for the most interesting taxa photographs of wing adult patterns and genitalia are provided. Key Words: Lepidoptera Tortricidae, fauna, Central Asia, Russian Far East.

Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Sicily with new taxa for Italian and European fauna and description of <em>Thiodia major</em> (Rebel) and <em>Pammene castanicola</em> Trematerra females

A list of 155 species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in Sicily (Italy) is reported. The two most numerous tortricid subfamilies recorded are the Olethreutinae and Tortricinae, which have 84 species and 70 species, respectively; the subfamily Chlidanotinae is represented by 1 species. Species belonging to almost all the tribes cited in the Italian fauna have been found in Sicily (Tortricini with 10 species, Cochylini 26, Cnephasiini 18, Archipini 16, Polyorthini 1, Bactrini 5, Olethreutini 12, Enarmoniini 1, Eucosmini 33, and Grapholitini 33), with the exception of the members of the tribes Sparganothini and Eulini. Phtheochroa ochralana and Cydia magnesiae are new to Italian fauna; Fulvoclysia forsteri and Tortricodes selma are recorded for first time in Europe. The females of Thiodia major and Pammene castanicola are descripted. Acleris hastiana, A. notana, Cochylidia rupicola, C. moguntiana, Cochylis sannitica, Eana joannisi, E. italica, Cnephasia fulturata, Archips betulanus, A. crataeganus, Pandemis cerasana, Olindia schumacherana, Epinotia dalmatana, Eucosma obumbratana, Epiblema cirsianum, E. graphanum, Cydia medicaginis, C. cythisantana, C. ulicetana, C. derrai, C. leguminana, Lathronimpha balearici, Grapholita pallifrontana, Pammene querceti, P. obscurana, and Strophedra weirana are cited for first time in Sicily.

FAUNISTIC NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE OF GARGANO TERRITORY WITH RECORDING OF ANCYLIS MINIMANA(CARADJA, 1916) NEW TO ITALY

A list of 67 species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae recorded during several expeditions realized in Gargano territory (Southern Italy) is reported. The two most numerous tortricidsubfamilies rec-orded are the Olethreutinae and Tortricinae, which have 37 species and 30 species, respectively. Species belonging to almost all the tribes cited in the Italian fauna have been found in Gargano territory (Tortricini with 4 species, Cochylini 10, Cnephasiini 6, Archipini 10, Olethreutini 7, Enar-moniini 4, Eucosmini 12, and Grapholitini 14). Ancylis minimana(Caradja, 1916) is reported for the first time in Italy

Update to the “Catalogue of Lepidoptera Tortricidae of the Italian Fauna” (2003-2020)

In the paper are reported 37 species to add at the “Catalogue of Lepidoptera Tortricidae of the Italian fauna” published on 2003. After this paper the list of tortricids found in Italy passed from 633 to 670 species.

LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE FROM CALABRIA (SOUTHERN ITALY)

A list of 181 species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae recorded during several expeditions realized in Calabria(southern Italy) is reported. Fifty-nine species are mentioned for the first time in Calabria. Of particular interest are 23species that have as a southern limit of their distribution area the Calabria territory.

A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae).

This paper is aimed to summarize the information available on the parasitoid complex of the European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) in Italy. The list is the result of the consultation of a vast bibliography published in Italy for almost two hundred years, from 1828 to date. This allowed the clarification and correction of misunderstandings and mistakes on the taxonomic position of each species listed.In Italy the complex of parasitoids detected on EGVM includes approximately 90 species belonging to ten families of Hymenoptera (Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Torymidae, Trichogrammatidae, and Bethylidae) and one family of Diptera (Tachinidae). This paper deals with EGVM parasitoids of the families Tachinidae (Diptera) and Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Only two species of Tachinidae are associated to EGVM larvae in Italy, Actia pilipennis (Fallen) and Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen), whereas the record of Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy) is doubtful. Moreover, 21 species of Braconidae are reported to live on EGVM, but, unfortunately, eight of them were identified only at generic level. Bracon mellitor Say has been incorrectly listed among the parasitoids of Lobesia botrana. Records concerning Ascogaster rufidens Wesmael, Meteorus sp., Microgaster rufipes Nees, and Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael) are uncertain.

Four Olethreutinae new to the Italian fauna from Tuscan-Romagnol Appennines (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

<em>Lobesia andereggiana</em> (Herrich-Schäffer), <em>Ancylis</em> <em>rhenana</em> (Müller-Rutz), <em>Eucosma</em> <em>agnatana</em> (Christoph) and <em>Lathronympha</em> <em>balearici</em> Diakonoff (Lepidoptera, Olethreutinae) are reported for first time from the Italian fauna. The four species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae were collected from the Tuscan-Romagnol Appennines in the upper Acerreta Valley.

DESCRIPTION OF ENDOTHENIA APOTOMISANA SP. N. AND CYDIA PELIONAE SP. N. FROM PELION MOUNTAINS, GREECE (LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE)

In the present work Endothenia apotomisana sp. n. (Tortricidae Olethreutinae Olethreutini) and Cydia pelionae sp. n. (Tortricidae Olethreutinae Grapholitini) are described as new to science, according to available literature (MEYRICK, 1912; KUZNETSOV, 1962, 1989; RAZOWSKI, 2003; AARVIK, 2013). The Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Greece have received only sporadic attention by both local and foreign lepidopterists with publications referring to one or few entities (for example AARVIK and KARSHOLT , 1993; TREMATERRA and KARSHOLT , 1996; TREMATERRA and AARVIK, 1998; BASSI, 2014; HUEMER, 2016), while lacking summary works that consider the Hellenic fauna as a whole (GOZMANY, 2012). Our materials were collected on the Pelion Mountains (Magnisia, Greece) in the para-Mediterranean broad-leaved deciduous trees zone ( Quercetalia pubescentis ); this zone includes Oak forests ( Quercus frainetto ) and Chestnut forests ( Castane a sativa ).

Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera Tortricidae)

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) are key pests of apples Pheromone mating disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group With 6001000 dispensers per ha for each species application costs are a significant factor limiting the wider adoption of multispecies mating disruption in New Zealand apple orchards The aim was to integrate the two disruption systems into a single dispenser and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards The three measures of effectiveness pheromone trap catch suppression of moth mating and fruit damage at harvest all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately

Notes on some Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Central Asia

Faunistic data of some <em>Lepidoptera Tortricidae </em>collected in mountainous localities of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenija, are reported. The total number of species recorded is 69; some of them are of special biogeographical interest.

A review of the genus Adoxophyes (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) in Korea, with description of A. paraorana sp. nov.

We reviewed the genus Adoxophyes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Korea and recognized three species of the genus. Among them, A. paraorana sp. nov., formerly misidentified as A. orana in Korea, is described as new to science. Adoxophyes orana, a notorious pest known in most Eurasian countries for a long time, turns out to be only recently introduced or found in Korea. Photographs of the adults and genitalia of the species are provided. Specific distinction was supported by the COI barcode study.

A NEW SPECIES OF MOTH AS INSECT PEST OF CHESTNUT IN SICILY (ITALY)

A survey on the insect pests of chestnut fruit in the chestnut groves of Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) has been carried out for five years using pheromone traps for the most common chestnut pests belonging to Lepidoptera Tortricidae, namely Pammene fasciana (L.), Cydia splendana (Hb.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zel.), and examining the larvae present in the fruits. The latter approach was useful to reveal the presence of larvae of Curculio elephas (Gyll.) and of C. glandium Marsh.; The latter species had never been reported before from chestnut in Italy. Most of the adult moths captured in the pheromone traps were found in the traps for P. fasciana and consequently attributed to this species. Since, however, no larvae of P. fasciana but many larvae of a different, unidentifiable, species were found in the fruits, during 2007 a more punctual study was conducted on adults and larvae, both with morphological and molecular approach. This study assessed that the adults found in the traps for P. fasciana and the unknown larvae were conspecific, different from P. fasciana, and that they belong to a still undescribed species of the genus Pammene Hubner.

Lepidoptera Tortricidae from SE European Russia with description of Ceratoxanthis saratovica sp. n.

Faunistic data of some Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in Southern Russian territory are reported; moreover, the new species<em> Ceratoxanthis saratovica</em> sp. n., from Saratov region is described. Externally <em>C. saratovica</em> resembles to <em>Ceratoxanthis</em> argentomixtana (Staudinger, 1870); in the male genitalia is closed to <em>Ceratoxanthis iberica </em>Baixeras, 1992.

Improvement of the sterile insect technique for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) to facilitate expansion of field application

AbstractThe codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) is a key pest of pome fruit (apple, pear and quince) and walnut orchards in most temperate regions of the world. Efforts to control the codling moth in the past mostly relied on the use of broad spectrum insecticide sprays, which has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance, and the disruption of the control of secondary pests. In addition, the frequent reliance and use of these insecticides are a constant threat to the environment and human health. Consequently, there have been increased demands from the growers for the development of codling moth control tactics that are not only effective but also friendly to the environment. In that respect, the sterile insect technique (SIT) and its derivative, inherited sterility (IS), are, together with mating disruption and granulosis virus, among the options that offer great potential as cost‐effective additions to available control tactics for integration in area‐wide integrated pest‐management approaches. In support of the further development of the SIT/IS for codling moth control, the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture implemented a 5‐year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) entitled ‘Improvement of codling moth SIT to facilitate expansion of field application’. Research focussed on sterile codling moth quality and management (e.g. mobility and life‐history traits in relation to rearing strategy, dispersal, flight ability, radiosensitivity and mating compatibility) and a better understanding of the basic genetics of codling moth to assist the development of genetic sexing strains (e.g. cytogenetics, the development of dominant conditional lethal mutations, molecular characterization of the sex chromosomes, sex identification in embryos and cytogenetic markers). The results of the CRP are presented in this special issue.

Efficacy and mode of action of female-equivalent dispensers of pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth

1 We evaluated the efficacy and mode of action of commercially available female-equivalent dispensers of pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). 2 Scentry fibres, but not Hercon flakes, were consistently as or more effective than Isomate C Plus dispensers when applied by hand at 50 dispensers per tree. 3 Individual Scentry fibres were slightly more attractive to male codling moth than Hercon flakes. 4 Efficacy of aerially applied Scentry fibres was equivalent to that of Isomate dispensers in disrupting male codling moth in 4-ha commercial apple plots. 5 Initial deposition and retention of aerially applied fibres were inefficient with approximately 44% formulation loss at application, poor rainfastness and a gradual loss of dispensers from tree canopies after application. 6 Male codling moths were captured in traps baited with lures containing 0.1 mg of pheromone and mated with tethered virgin females that were surrounded by eight fibres placed 30 cm away or 16 fibres placed 45 cm away in untreated plots and plots treated with a background of 50 Isomate dispensers per hectare. 7 A plausible explanation for mating disruption of codling moth by female-equivalent dispensers is competitive attraction without associated habituation and thus improving the effectiveness of these technologies will depend on maximizing the attractiveness of individual dispensers as well as the application density of dispensers per area of crop.

Subjective visual evaluation vs. traditional and geometric morphometrics in species delimitation: a comparison of moth genitalia

Abstract Species‐level taxonomic studies usually include detailed morphological descriptions of taxa. Traditionally, species descriptions have been based on nonmetric, subjective, visual comparisons of morphological traits regardless of whether diagnostic characters between species are quantitative or qualitative in nature. In difficult cases, traditional morphometrics (morphometrics based on linear measurements or ratios) and appropriate multivariate statistics have been applied to validate species delimitations. Modern geometric morphometrics, a new powerful method to quantify shapes, is increasingly being used in taxonomy and systematics. We compared the results from the three morphology‐based methods (subjective visual differentiation and differentiation by traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics) using male genital morphology for this purpose. Five species complexes of Lepidoptera Tortricidae and Geometridae were analysed, each having two to four species, and each species being readily identifiable by their wing patterns. The between‐species differences were visualized with thin‐plate spline deformation grids using average landmark configurations of each species. The results from exploratory and confirmatory statistics of geometric data in a taxonomic context were compared. Morphometrics provided more accurate identification than subjective visual differentiation and the best result was achieved by combined size and shape data. Furthermore, species delimitation using exploratory statistics of landmark data is often problematic because of overlap in scatters. We conclude that geometric morphometrics provides a powerful way to search for differences between taxa and serves as an objective, useful and novel way to visualize morphological variation in shape in insect taxonomy. We recommend more extensive use of geometric morphometric tools in taxonomy.