This study analyses the roles that energy and other input prices play in reducing energy intensity of each of the 21 (according to the 4-digit code NAICS) manufacturing industries in Canada. A system of Generalized Leontief (GL) cost function and the derived factor intensity equations are estimated using the iterative seemingly unrelated regression (ISUR) and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation methods. Based on the GMM results, I find average energy price elasticity of -0.34 for the overall sector. Capital is complementary with energy in most cases while labour and energy are substitutes in about 50 % of the cases. Material and services inputs are mostly substitutable with energy. Technological change is energy-using in many industries. The policy implication is that a policy-induced permanent increase in energy costs may not contribute much to energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing industries. Promoting investments in energy-saving technical change should be considered particularly for those industries exhibiting energy-using technological changes.